这么多量足以致命：英语精读讲义

We all know to stay away from poisons like mercury 短語動詞

我们都知道要远离汞之类的毒物，

where ingesting a 200 milligram dose would kill you.

因为摄入200毫克就足以致命。

Or polonium which only requires 1 gram of vaporized substance

还有钋，只需1克汽化后的物质

to wipe out 50 million people. 短語動詞

就能夺走5000万人的生命。

But did you know that 70 cups of coffee 講解

但你知道吗，70杯咖啡

contains enough caffeine to kill a 70 kilogram person? 語法

所含的咖啡因足以杀死一名70公斤重的人？

This amount of caffeine can trigger heart palpitations

这么多咖啡因会引发心悸，

or even cardiac arrest. 用詞

甚至心脏骤停。

Prefer alcohol as your beverage of choice? 短語搭配

你更喜欢喝酒吗？

13 consecutive shots could be lethal too. 用詞

连续喝下13杯烈酒也可能致命。

Because alcohol is a depressant, 用詞

因为酒精是一种中枢神经抑制剂，

the area in the brain controlling basic life functions

大脑中负责控制基本生命功能的区域

like breathing and heart rate begin to shut down. 短語動詞

会逐渐停止调节呼吸和心率等功能。

Too much liquid in general can be dangerous as well.

一般来说，摄入过多液体也可能很危险。

Though it takes a lot,

虽然得喝下相当大的量，

water intoxication from around 6 L 用詞

但约6升水引发的水中毒

causes brain cells to swell

会导致脑细胞肿胀，

leading to headaches, seizures, comas 語法

进而造成头痛、癫痫发作和昏迷，

and even death in extreme cases.

严重时甚至死亡。

But if you stop drinking water

但如果你停止喝水

or consume too much salt,

或摄入过多盐分，

your cells will start to shrink

你的细胞就会开始萎缩，

leading to the condition known as hypernatremia.

进而引发一种叫作高钠血症的病症。

48 teaspoons of your favorite seasoning at once

一次吃下48茶匙你最爱的调味料

is enough to trigger this reaction

就足以引发这种反应，

also leading to seizures, coma or even death.

同样可能造成癫痫发作、昏迷，甚至死亡。

Stick your head underwater or simply hold your breath 短語搭配

把头浸入水中，或者干脆屏住呼吸，

and it takes around 4 minutes without oxygen 語法

缺氧约4分钟

to cause severe brain injury

就会造成严重的脑损伤，

and at 6 minutes you could die.

到6分钟时，你可能就会死亡。

However, in extreme cases

不过，在一些极端情况下，

some free divers have been able to hold their breath

有些自由潜水者能屏住呼吸

for over 20 minutes.

超过20分钟。

Cherries can also deprive you of oxygen. 短語搭配

樱桃也可能让你缺氧。

Say what? 語氣意圖

什么？

If you ever swallow a cherry pit,

如果你不小心吞下一颗樱桃核，

you shouldn't worry too much.

不必太担心。

Just don't bite into one.

只要别把它咬碎就行。

One or two ground cherry pits

一两颗磨碎的樱桃核

contains enough cyanide to take you down 短語動詞

所含的氰化物就足以致命，

and these cyanide ions inhibit the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase

而这些氰离子会抑制细胞色素c氧化酶，

causing your cells to be unable to use oxygen.

使你的细胞无法利用氧气。

Speaking of a lack of oxygen, 表達脈絡

说到缺氧，

it's at around 8,000 ft above sea level 語法

在海拔约8000英尺处，

that our bodies can no longer acclimatize 短語搭配

我们的身体就再也无法适应

to the limited oxygen.

如此稀薄的氧气。

This is known as the death zone in mountaineering. 文化背景

登山界称这里为“死亡地带”。

Simply being too tall can also kill you. 語法

单是身高过高也可能要你的命。

In the 1930s,

20世纪30年代，

Robert Pershing Wadlow reached 8 ft 11 in.

Robert Pershing Wadlow的身高达到了8英尺11英寸。

This height put severe stress on his circulatory system 短語搭配

这样的身高给他的循环系统带来了巨大负担，

and structural pressure on his bones

也让他的骨骼承受了结构性压力，

and he died at the young age of 22. 短語搭配

最终他年仅22岁便去世了。

Researchers have hypothesized that every inch above 5 ft

研究人员推测，身高超过5英尺后，每多1英寸，

takes 1.3 years off your life. 短語動詞

寿命就会缩短1.3年。

If you're worried about your pet's life,

如果你担心宠物的生命安全，

you may have heard not to give them chocolate.

你可能听说过不能给它们吃巧克力。

The same chemical theobromine can kill us too.

同一种化学物质——可可碱——也能致我们于死地。

Our bodies metabolize theobromine more effectively though

不过，我们的身体能更有效地代谢可可碱，

with 1,000 mg per kilogram being lethal to humans, 語法

对人类来说，每公斤体重摄入1000毫克才会致命，

which is the equivalent of 85 full-sized chocolate bars at once. 短語搭配

相当于一次吃下85块正常大小的巧克力。

You may want that many chocolate bars

你或许会想吃掉这么多巧克力，

after getting high. 用詞

尤其是在嗨过之后。

However, you would need to eat 22 kg of marijuana

不过，你得吃下22公斤大麻

to be at risk of death. 短語搭配

才会有死亡风险。

Smoke it and the amount required to overdose 語法

如果用吸的，导致过量所需的大麻量

is comically high. 習語

更是高得离谱。

Approximately 680 kg of pot within 15 minutes 用詞

在15分钟内吸食约680公斤大麻

would induce a lethal response,

才会引发致命反应，

which may explain why there has never been 表達脈絡

这或许可以解释为什么迄今从未有过

a single documented death directly linked 短語搭配

任何一例有记录的死亡

to consuming too much marijuana.

被直接归因于摄入过量大麻。

Blasting some amazing music may be fun as well. 用詞

大声播放超棒的音乐也许很过瘾。

Just don't go above 185 decibels.

只要别超过185分贝。

The amount of air pressure from this

这种音量产生的气压

could burst your lungs

可能会让你的肺破裂，

or alternatively create an embolism that travels to your heart.

或者形成栓塞，并随血流进入心脏。

It may also keep your neighbors up all night 短語動詞

它也可能吵得邻居整夜睡不着，

and while it's uncertain 語法

而目前还不确定

how long the body can survive without sleep,

人体不睡觉究竟能撑多久。

studies on rats who underwent continuous sleep deprivation 短語搭配

对持续遭受睡眠剥夺的大鼠进行的研究显示，

lasted around 2 weeks before dying.

它们大约撑了两周便死亡。

The world record in humans is just over 11 days

人类的世界纪录是11天多一点，

but surprisingly no long-term effects were documented 表達脈絡

但令人惊讶的是，并未记录到任何长期影响，

after he caught up on his sleep. 短語動詞

即使是在他补足睡眠之后。

Got a burning question you want answered? 習語

有什么迫切想知道答案的问题吗？

Ask it in the comments or on Facebook and Twitter.

在评论区，或到Facebook和Twitter上提问吧。

And if you liked this video,

如果你喜欢这期视频，

check out our previous one called This is 200 calories

不妨看看我们上一期名为《这就是200卡路里》的视频，

where we break down and compare different foods and drinks 短語動詞

其中我们分析并比较了不同的食物和饮料，

to put things in perspective. 習語

帮你更直观地理解这些数字。

Be sure to like, share and subscribe

别忘了点赞、分享和订阅，

for more weekly science videos.

每周收看更多科学视频。