AIM-9“响尾蛇”导弹的弹头是如何工作的？- Smarter Every Day 282：英语精读讲义

Hey, it's me Destin.

嘿，我是 Destin。

Welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

欢迎回到《Smarter Every Day》。

I want to talk about something that's really neat.

我想聊点非常有趣的东西。

Um I'm at Naval Air Weapons Station,

嗯，我现在在海军航空武器站，

China Lake here in California.

也就是加利福尼亚州的中国湖（China Lake）。

I'm in front of a a building that does things and

我站在一栋执行各种任务的大楼前，

here is an F-18,

这是一架 F-18，

which is a beautiful bird.

真是一架漂亮的战机。

This uh this particular aircraft can be configured for the attack role 短語搭配

这架、这架特定的飞机可以配置为攻击机，

or for a fighter role.

或者作为战斗机。

And there's something I want to show you that's way over here.

这里有个东西我想给你们看看。

Check this out.

来看看这个。

You know, all the different weapons on the pylons.

你们知道，挂架上挂着各种不同的武器。

Got some bombs over there.

那边有一些炸弹。

Look at this.

看这个。

This is a Sidewinder missile and this changed a lot of things

这是一枚响尾蛇导弹，它改变了许多事物，

a lot of places.

也改变了许多地方。

So, this is one of the first heat-seeking missiles that was developed here in the '50s, 用詞

所以，这是50年代在此研发的最早的红外制导导弹之一，

right here, China Lake.

就在这儿，中国湖。

And uh let's look at it.

让我们来看看它。

So, you got a seeker up here,

它的顶部有一个导引头，

so it can it could go towards the exhaust of a of an aircraft.

所以它能、它能追踪飞机发动机的尾气。

Uh you've got some kind of pivoting fins right here,

呃，这里有一些可以转动的控制翼面，

right?

对吧？

Look right here.

看这里。

You've got this is like a side-looking proximity sensor, 用詞

这看起来像是一个侧视近炸传感器，

which is amazing that that's on this model.

在这个型号上居然有这个，真是神奇。

This is a warhead.

这是战斗部。

We'll talk more about the warhead in a minute. 短語搭配

稍后我们会详细讲讲战斗部。

You got the rocket.

这里是火箭发动机。

And then you got these things in the back.

然后你看到后面这些东西。

Look at this.

看这个。

So, I want to talk about this.

所以，我想谈谈这个。

If you look closely, 語法

如果你仔细看，

you'll notice there's something that looks like a water wheel here.

你会注意到这儿有个看起来像水车的东西。

You see that?

看到了吗？

Oh, it spins.

哦，它能转。

Look at that.

看啊。

So, this is called a rolleron.

这个叫作陀螺舵（rolleron）。

Now, if you can imagine this aircraft is flying along super super fast, 表達脈絡

现在，你可以想象这架飞机飞得超级超级快，

you shoot this missile at Mach 2.5,

你以 2.5 马赫的速度发射这枚导弹，

you want to stabilize it,

你需要让它稳定下来，

right?

对吧？

You don't want it to just like spin and roll.

你不希望它像无头苍蝇一样乱转乱滚。

So, you got roll, pitch, and yaw, 用詞

飞机有滚转、俯仰和偏航三个轴，

right?

对吧？

You don't want this thing to roll in ways that you don't want it to.

你不希望这玩意发生不必要的滚转。

So, this is a genius way to get around that. 短語動詞

所以，这是一个解决该问题的天才方法。

So, a rolleron.

这就是，陀螺舵。

Oh, look.

噢，你看。

You can see right there.

你能看到那儿。

You see those little bitty divots? 用詞

看到那些小小的凹坑了吗？

You got to look close.

你得凑近看。

See those little things that are drilled out there? 短語動詞

看到那些钻出来的小坑了吗？

That's where they balanced it.

那是他们做动平衡的地方。

Because this could spin at over 100,000 RPM

因为这个转速可超过 100,000 转/分钟，

and So, they had to make some weigh more or less than others.

所以他们必须让某些地方的重量多一点或少一点。

So, they had to like spin this thing up and balance it like you'd balance a tire by removing material. 講解

因此他们必须让它转起来，像去掉多余材料来平衡轮胎那样平衡它。

But anyway,

不管怎样，

a rolleron, what it does is as you fire the missile and it spins up, 語法

陀螺舵的作用是，当你发射导弹，它转动起来时，

you get a flywheel effect.

就会产生飞轮效应。

So, you get a gyroscopic effect and it becomes a giant flywheel, like a gyroscope.

从而产生陀螺效应，它变成一个巨大的飞轮，就像陀螺仪一样。

And so, that angular momentum gives you an angular momentum vector that's right there.

这样一来，那个角动量就会在这里产生一个角动量矢量。

And you can see there's four of them.

你可以看到有四个这样的装置。

There's one,

这里有一个，

there's two,

这是第二个，

there's three,

第三个，

and there's four.

这是第四个。

So, imagine if you would,

那么，试想一下，

you're about to fire this missile and if and if you have problems with dynamic stability in the roll axis

你正准备发射这枚导弹，如果你在滚转轴的动态稳定性上遇到问题，

because you're an engineer in the '50s

因为你是 50 年代的工程师，

and you don't have really fast control loops and digital circuitry at your disposal yet, 習語

手头还没有极快的控制回路和数字电路可用，

this is just genius

这简直是天才之作，

because it's a passive dynamic stability method.

因为这是一种被动动态稳定性控制方法。

So, imagine you could pin a vector here,

想象一下你可以把一个矢量固定在这里，

pin a vector here,

一个固定在这里，

here and there and just kind of lock it in space

这里和那里，就像把它们锁定在空间中，

so it it'll go straight.

这样导弹就能直飞了。

That's amazing.

太了不起了。

One thing I don't understand is there appears to be a pivot point here.

我不太懂的一点是，这里似乎有一个枢轴点。

So, as the missile tries to roll,

所以当导弹试图滚转时，

this thing could try to stay in position

这东西会尽量保持在原位，

and so it'll try to stay back where it was

也就是努力维持原本的姿态，

and I assume that would also provide some aerodynamic stability passively. 語氣意圖

我想这也会被动地提供一些气动稳定性。

I I don't know.

我、我不知道。

I don't know how that works,

我不知道它具体是怎么工作的，

but I think it's fascinating.

但我觉得这非常迷人。

So, I don't know

所以，我不确定，

I think I think it's an amazing piece of engineering.

但我觉得这是一项惊人的工程杰作。

There's a newer missile,

这边有一枚更新的导弹，

a newer version over here.

一个更新的版本。

That's the AIM-9L no,

那是 AIM-9L，不，

M.

是 M。

I think the first one,

我想第一个，

I read it on a thing,

我在一份资料上读到过，

is it on this?

是写在这个上面的吗？

Okay, so the first one,

好吧，第一个，

so that one over there was the M.

那边那个是 M 型。

The B was the first one they deployed.

B 型是他们最先部署的。

This one is the X.

这个是 X 型。

This is the AIM-9X.

这是 AIM-9X。

So, this one right here

那么，这一个呢，

is uh if I can focus on it.

呃，如果我能对上焦的话。

Let's see if I can focus up close here. 短語搭配

让我看看能不能在这里近距离对焦。

So, you'll notice it's different.

你会注意到它不一样了。

It doesn't have pivoting blades up front.

它的前方没有可转动的翼面了。

It's fixed here.

这里是固定的。

So, I've got a seeker.

所以，它有导引头。

That's good.

这很好。

Let's move back.

我们往后看。

Don't have a proximity fuse here.

这里没有近炸引信了。

This just got this kind of billet here.

这里只有这种类似金属块的东西。

Warhead,

战斗部，

rocket,

火箭发动机，

brown stripe for rocket.

棕色条纹代表火箭发动机。

That's where it leaves the rail.

这是它脱离发射架的地方。

And then way back here,

然后看到最后面，

look at that.

看这个。

So, these fins pivot in the back.

这些尾部的翼面是可以转动的。

So, it's different than the 9 Mike over there.

所以它跟那边的 9M 型不一样。

This is the 9X.

这是 9X。

Also, this is just a model,

另外，这只是个模型，

but you can see anytime you have something in the rocket plume itself, 語法

但你可以发现，只要在火箭尾焰中放置了某些东西，

that's usually an indication of thrust vector control.

通常就意味着采用了推力矢量控制。

So, I assume that means that the AIM-9X can do thrust vector control.

所以我猜测这意味着 AIM-9X 可以进行推力矢量控制。

I've never worked with the system, 語氣意圖

我没弄过这个系统，

so I don't know.

所以我不知道确切情况。

But uh I hear this thing is amazing.

但呃，我听说这东西很厉害。

But it doesn't have rollerons.

但它没有陀螺舵。

Because

因为，

I just think it's clever and interesting.

我只是觉得它（陀螺舵）非常巧妙和有趣。

So, rollerons are neat

总之，陀螺舵很奇妙，

and uh I don't know much about them.

而且呃，我对它们了解不多。

But it's a genius solution to a difficult problem.

但它是解决复杂问题的一个天才方案。

So, last thing I want to talk about here 表達脈絡

最后我想在这里谈谈的，

is the warhead section right here.

是这里的战斗部区域。

So, if you can imagine,

试想一下，

this missile is designed to engage aircraft. 用詞

这枚导弹是设计用来攻击飞机的。

So, you've got an engine there.

那里有一台发动机。

The back of the engine's there.

那是发动机的尾部。

So, let's say you're going for a heat signature there 短語動詞

假设你正在追踪那里的热信号，

and it is able to approach and acquire

导弹能够接近并锁定目标，

it would probably lead the aircraft a little bit. 用詞

它可能还会稍微预判一点飞机的走位。

I don't know how they do that,

我不知道他们是怎么做到的，

but um let's say that it gets to the endgame and it wants to detonate this warhead because 用詞

不过嗯，假设它到了最后阶段，想要引爆这枚弹头，因为

the side-looking proximity sensor sees something.

侧视近炸传感器探测到了东西。

Well, this little warhead right here,

那么，这枚小小的战斗部，

it's called an expanding rod warhead. 用詞

被称为连续杆战斗部（expanding rod warhead）。

And the way it works is

它的工作原理是，

imagine you had a little bitty rod of steel here,

想象你有一根细小的钢条在这里，

here,

这里，

here,

还有这里，

maybe it's steel,

可能是钢，

maybe it's tungsten,

也可能是钨，

I don't know.

我不清楚。

Um sometimes people use tungsten because it's more dense.

嗯，有时人们用钨，因为它的密度更大。

But imagine you had all these rods stacked up in a cylinder around this thing 語法

但想象一下，你把所有这些金属杆以圆柱形堆叠排列在它周围，

and you were to weld this end,

然后把这一端焊起来，

you'll weld two rods together

将两根杆焊在一起，

and you go to the top one and you go all the way over

然后顺着往上到顶部，绕着走，

and then you weld these two rods together

然后再把这两根杆焊在一起，

and you just zigzag back and forth 短語搭配

就这样来回呈“Z”字形焊接，

and you go all the way around the warhead like that.

像这样把整个战斗部绕一圈。

Well, what happens is

那么接下来发生的是，

once you have those rods welded together 語法

一旦你把这些金属杆焊在一起，

and you detonate the explosive on the inside of that,

并引爆在它们内部的炸药，

it would kind of scissor out.

它们就会像剪刀一样张开。

Does that make sense? 語氣意圖

能理解吗？

Like.. it's a cylinder

就像……本来是个圆柱体，

and then it would kind of scissor out like that

然后会像那样如同剪刀般撑开，

and you would have like a torus,

就会形成一个类似圆环的东西，

like a

就像一个，

you would take a cylinder and turn it into a disc quickly. 短語動詞

将一个圆柱体迅速变成一个圆盘。

And that creates a cutter that's orthogonal to the direction of flight, 用詞

这会形成一个与飞行方向正交的切割器，

which is a really bad day if you have a hot engine on an aircraft. 習語

如果你的飞机有一台炙热的发动机，那就大难临头了。

You know, the idea is to damage the engine. 表達脈絡

要知道，其理念就是破坏发动机。

So, that is an amazing design

所以，这是一项令人惊叹的设计，

and I just thought it was interesting

我就是觉得它很有趣，

and I thought it would be worth talking about. 短語搭配

我认为值得和大家聊聊。

So, hope you enjoyed this random discussion about a Sidewinder missile.

希望你们喜欢这段关于响尾蛇导弹的随意闲聊。

That's it.

就是这样。

I'm Destin.

我是 Destin。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在变得更聪明。

Have a good one. 語氣意圖

祝你愉快。

Bye.

拜拜。

If you look hard enough on the internet, 語法

如果你在网上足够用心地找一找，

you can find your own rolleron Sidewinder missile fin.

你也能找到属于你自己的响尾蛇导弹陀螺舵尾翼。

Oh my goodness.

哦，我的天。

It's amazing.

太赞了。

Check this out.

来看看这个。

Actually works.

真的能转。

Uh you can see they've been balanced.

呃，你可以看到它们被做过动平衡了。

Uh yeah,

呃，是的，

check it out.

看看它。

This kind unlatches.

这个卡扣可以解开。

So, I'm going to build something and check it out.

所以，我要组装点东西来看看。

Uh I may have cut myself in the first 30 seconds I had it 語法

呃，刚拿到它的前 30 秒我可能就把自己割伤了，

on this little part right here.

就是在这个小部件上。

But it doesn't matter cuz we got it. 用詞

但没关系，因为我们搞到了。

So, thank you to everybody that supports on Patreon.

所以，感谢在 Patreon 上支持我的每一个人。

patreon.com/smartereveryday.

网址是 patreon.com/smartereveryday。

You just bought me some missile parts.

你们刚刚给我买了一些导弹零件。

Oh, yeah.

哦，耶。

Front fins too.

前翼也有。

Duh.

对啊。

I guess it's like that.

我猜就是这样的。

That's a front fin.

这是前翼。

How cool is that? 語氣意圖

多酷啊？

Okay.

好了。

Thank you so much.

非常感谢。

Uh feel free to subscribe if you want to see what I do with this 語氣意圖

呃，如果你想看我拿它做什么，欢迎订阅，

cuz I have an idea.

因为我有个主意了。

Anyway,

总之，

thank you very much.

非常感谢。

I'm Destin.

我是 Destin。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在变得更聪明。

Have a good one.

祝你愉快。

Oh, so cool.

噢，太酷了。