太阳能电池板是如何工作的？ - Richard Komp：英语精读讲义

在科学报告中，下面这句话是什么意思？The sensor intercepts part of the incoming beam.

1. 传感器把整束光送回光源。
2. 传感器接收了到达其范围的部分光束。
3. 传感器有意阻止光源产生光束。

请将 three、times、more、energy 和 than 按正确顺序填入，完成比较句：The new battery stores ____ the old one.

在介绍电池成本快速下降的事实后，哪句话最适合承接这些事实，并提出一个需要继续探究的问题？

1. So is it possible that electric buses could replace diesel buses?
2. Electric buses replaced diesel buses yesterday.
3. Because electric buses are possible.

请用包含 reliant 的标准双词搭配完成句子：The emergency shelter is ____ volunteer support.

说话人使用 To answer that question, 传达了什么信号？

1. 接下来的信息将帮助解答一个已经提出的问题。
2. 说话人已经讲完答案。
3. 说话人要转向一个无关的问题。

使用指定结构 first need to examine how 完成解释：To understand the alarm problem, we ____ the sensor detects smoke.

使用准确的 convert X to Y 结构完成句子：This machine converts heat ____ electrical energy.

使用 be made up of ... called ... 结构完成句子：The robot ____ smaller parts ____ modules.

用表示“植物废料是来源材料”的两个词目标短语补全句子：This fuel is ____ plant waste.

在电子技术中，哪项陈述最准确地解释了 semiconductor？

1. 一根被切成相等两段的电线。
2. 一种总是阻止所有电流的材料。
3. 一种导电能力可以受到控制的材料。

请用“third most common”完成排名句：It is the ____ language in the region.

哪句话正确使用了 sandwiched between 来描述中间位置？

1. The insulating material is sandwiched between two metal sheets.
2. The insulating material sandwiches between two metal sheets.
3. The insulating material is sandwiched beside two metal sheets.

用 is connected to ... by ... 结构完成句子：The sensor is connected ____ the computer ____ a cable.

使用目标表达 keep ... in place 完成句子：The clips keep the cables ____.

哪句话用 so 表示“没有电流”是前面原因造成的结果？

1. The switch breaks the circuit, so no current can flow.
2. No current can flow, so the switch breaks the circuit.
3. The switch breaks the circuit, although current can flow.

哪句话用 Here's the key 表示接下来要说最重要的信息？

1. Here's a key that opens the back door.
2. Here's the key: save a copy before you edit the file.
3. I left my keys on the desk.

用 uses + three + layers of + fabric 这一结构改写。补全句子：The water filter ____ to trap dirt.

哪一句正确使用了这些半导体术语？

1. N-type silicon has extra electrons, while P-type silicon has holes.
2. P-type silicon has extra electrons, while N-type silicon has holes.
3. In semiconductors, holes are visible tunnels drilled through silicon.

哪一句用句首 where 从句先设定地点，再说明那里发生的情况？

1. The map shows where the two pipes meet.
2. Where do the two pipes meet?
3. Where the two pipes meet, a valve controls the flow.

这里的“electrons can wander across the P/N junction”是什么意思？

1. The P/N junction prevents every electron from moving.
2. Electrons can move somewhat randomly from one side of the P/N junction to the other.
3. Electrons deliberately take a walk around the outside of the device.

句中的 leaving ... 和 creating ... 起什么作用？

1. 它们向听者发出两个命令。
2. 它们说明前一过程造成的两个结果。
3. 它们开启两个互不相关的主句。

请用 think of X as Y 完成句子：You can ____ a budget ____ a map for your spending.

在 tiny particles called photons 中，called photons 告诉了我们什么？

1. 它给出了这些微小粒子的科学名称。
2. 它表示这些微小粒子正在打电话。
3. 它说明这些微小粒子移动得有多快。

用 shoot out 的过去式完成句子：When the valve broke, steam ____ the pipe.

这个 when 从句设定了什么触发条件？

1. 一个光子在硅电池内部等待。
2. 一个光子以足够的能量撞击硅电池。
3. 硅电池已经含有足够的能量。

使用 knock X from Y 完成句子：The collision can ____ the wheel ____ its axle.

哪个句子使用“逗号 + -ing”结构来说明直接结果？

1. The workers opened the drain to prevent flooding.
2. The drain was full, and the street flooded hours later.
3. The heavy rain filled the drain, flooding the street.

请用 be free to 的正确形式和动词 rotate 完成句子：After the safety lock is released, the wheel ____.

从 because of 和 because 中选择合适的表达完成句子：The outdoor game was canceled ____ heavy rain.

听英文句子并选出你实际听到的完整内容。重点听 they'll 和 one way。

1. The toy cars are on this track, so they'll only go one way.
2. The toy cars are on this track, so they only go one way.
3. The toy cars are on this track, so they'll only go away.

用 be drawn to 的正确形式完成两个空：In this experiment, the iron pin ____ the left magnet, while the steel clip ____ the right magnet.

在这句话中，thin metal fingers 是什么意思？

1. 因形状像手指而得名的细长金属集电部件
2. 覆盖着薄金属层的人的手指
3. 画在电池顶部的手指图案

用表示“在内部并从一端到另一端”的介词完成句子：Water flows ____ the pipe from one end to the other.

like powering a lightbulb 在这句话中起什么作用？

1. 它把电气工作的形状与灯泡作比较。
2. 它表示电子喜欢为灯泡供电。
3. 它举例说明一种电气工作。

阅读：The boxes arrive at the loading dock. From there, they go to storage. From there 在这里起什么作用？

1. 它表示整个流程在装卸区结束。
2. 它引入一个与装卸区无关的新地点。
3. 它把装卸区作为下一步的起点。

请用 before + return 的 -ing 形式完成句子：The robot checks every shelf ____ to its charging station.

用本课中表示“产生”的短语动词补全句子：This small generator ____ 500 watts.

用 string X together 的两个部分补全句子：We can ____ these beads ____ to make a necklace.

句中的 photovoltaic cells 是什么意思？

1. 把光直接转化为电能的器件
2. 主要用于储存电能的普通电池
3. 把电能转化为可见光的器件

用 be enough to 的正确形式完成句子：Three batteries ____ run the toy all day.

请用完整的 It takes + 资源 + to ... 结构补全句子，表示需要三个人：It ____ lift the piano safely.

在 the only moving parts in a solar cell 这个短语中，moving parts 是什么意思？

1. 系统运行时会运动的事物或部件
2. 可以移到另一家工厂的产品
3. 正在被运到另一个地方的零件

哪句话自然地表示“演示结束后，这些工具应该放回原处”？

1. After the demonstration, the tools should go back where did they come from?
2. After the demonstration, the tools should go back where they came from.
3. After the demonstration, we should ask where the tools came from.

哪句话正确地用 worn out 表示因使用而损坏，并用 used up 表示完全耗尽？

1. My hiking boots are worn out, and the bottled water is used up.
2. My hiking boots are worn up, and the bottled water is used out.
3. My hiking boots are used up, and the bottled water is worn out.

用表示“持续”的目标双词短语补全句子：This battery can ____ twelve hours on one charge.

这个问题在讲解中主要起什么作用？

1. 从太阳能转到一个无关的话题。
2. 从太阳能可行的依据转向依赖太阳能所面临的障碍。
3. 宣布太阳能已经取代了所有其他能源。

请用表示“正在影响局面”的固定表达完成句子：Several economic factors are ____ in this decision.

哪个短语表示 tiring 是另一个需要补充的缺点？The hike is long, ___ tiring.

1. rather than
2. but not
3. not to mention

在高亮短语中，这些企业在做什么？

1. 研究制度已经发生了怎样的变化
2. 维修公共入口，方便顾客使用
3. 试图影响决策者，让现有制度保持不变

哪句话能自然地暂时搁置其他问题，并把讨论范围缩小到安全问题？

1. There are several concerns, but for now, let's focus on safety.
2. There are several concerns, but let's stop focusing on safety.
3. There are several concerns, and safety will be the only topic forever.

在短语 “the most obvious of those” 中，those 指什么？

1. 太阳能
2. 前面提到的物理和后勤挑战
3. 地球

哪一句中的 distributed 描述了地理范围内的不均匀分布？

1. Medical services are unevenly distributed across the island.
2. The assistant distributed the tickets to the guests.
3. The parcel was distributed to one customer.

哪句话自然地表示“停电期间可使用的电量更少”？

1. Less electricity is needed during the outage.
2. Less electricity is available during the outage.
3. Fewer power outlets are available during the outage.

哪句话把更多受过培训的员工表述为拟议的全国扩展计划所必需的条件？

1. Expanding the service nationwide would require more trained staff.
2. Hiring more trained staff would require expanding the service nationwide.
3. Expanding the service nationwide would allow more trained staff.

哪一个句子正确使用了名词短语 effective storage of energy？

1. The project requires effectively storage of energy.
2. The project requires effective storage of energy.
3. The project requires effective store of energy.

哪一个句子正确使用了被动形式的对比，表示一个过程发生而另一个过程没有发生？

1. If the signal blocks instead of transmitted, the message will not arrive.
2. If the signal is blocked instead of transmitted, the message will not arrive.
3. If the signal is blocked instead of transmit, the message will not arrive.

哪句话表示某物先离开一个地方，然后又落回同一个地方？

1. The marble bounced out of the cup and then fell back into it.
2. The keys fell into the empty drawer.
3. When our first plan failed, we fell back on the backup plan.

哪句话清楚地使用 before + -ing，并且两个动作由同一个人完成？

1. Before entering the lab, Mia put on her safety glasses.
2. Before Mia entered the lab, her teacher checked the door.
3. Before entering the lab, the door was locked.

高亮部分表达了怎样的论点？

1. 旧电池比目前的电池效率更高。
2. 目前性能最好的电池仍然存在明显限制。
3. 性能最好的电池能转化全部可利用阳光。

哪一句中的 commercial 与原句一样，表示“可供市场使用的”？

1. The director wanted the film to be more commercial.
2. The laboratory design is now available as a commercial system.
3. We watched a commercial before the movie.

用表示“尽管”的三个词目标表达补全句子：____ the cold weather, the hikers reached the summit.

这句话是什么意思？With a larger battery, it actually would be possible to run the cabin on solar power all winter.

1. 这间小屋使用现有电池，已经可以整个冬天都依靠太阳能运行。
2. 这间小屋明年肯定会整个冬天都依靠太阳能运行。
3. 更大的电池会使小屋整个冬天依靠太阳能运行成为可行方案，这与某些人的预期相反。

哪一句正确展开了例句中的 We'd？

1. We had needed the funding to build the infrastructure.
2. We will need the funding to build the infrastructure.
3. We would need the funding to build the infrastructure.

用本课中表示“大量”的短语补全句子：The archive requires ____ storage space.

用 range from X to Y 框架完成句子：Room rates ____ $90 ____ $240 per night.

which seems like a lot, but... 在这段论述中起什么作用？

1. 它用一个更精确的测量结果替换前面的数字。
2. 它先承认前面的数字听起来很大，再引入一个对比，改变人们看待这个数字的方式。
3. 它表示说话人没有任何依据可以比较这个数字。

哪一项改写最准确地保留了撒哈拉沙漠作为面积参照的作用和 alone 的含义？

1. 撒哈拉沙漠是唯一一个面积超过三百万平方英里的沙漠。
2. 撒哈拉沙漠本身的面积就超过三百万平方英里。
3. 撒哈拉沙漠很孤独，而且远离其他地方。

选择最能表示同一时期两项并行趋势的连接词：Solar panels are becoming cheaper. ____, battery storage is improving.

1. Meanwhile
2. Therefore
3. However

哪句话能自然地表示一种产品正在不断改善，同时开始与另一种产品竞争？

1. Home batteries are safer, cheapest, and are compete with gas generators.
2. Home batteries are getting safer, cheaper, and are competing with gas generators.
3. Home batteries are getting safer, cheaper, and compete to gas generators.

哪句话表示屋顶太阳能和电网供电是市场上相互竞争的两种选择？

1. Rooftop solar competes with electricity from the grid.
2. Rooftop solar competes electricity from the grid.
3. Rooftop solar competes for electricity from the grid.

这句话中的 floating solar farm 指什么？

1. 利用更多阳光种植作物的传统农场
2. 在水上浮动平台安装太阳能板的大型发电设施
3. 在不同农场之间运送太阳能板的船

哪句话中的 landscape 是比喻用法，表示某个领域的整体条件？

1. The hikers admired the landscape at sunset.
2. Online banking has changed the financial landscape entirely.
3. The gardeners changed the landscape by adding a pond.

使用 X aside 结构完成转场句：Cost concerns ____, the design is easy to maintain.

哪一句正确地把 access 用作名词，表示某项服务无法获得？

1. Some rural clinics don't have access to reliable electricity.
2. Some rural clinics don't access to reliable electricity.
3. Some rural clinics don't have access reliable electricity.

本句中的 developing countries 是什么意思？

1. 按持续的经济和基础设施发展状况进行宽泛归类的国家
2. 完全不存在现代事物的国家
3. 目前正在开发某一个具体项目的国家

完成关系结构，表达“其中许多商店营业”：The company owns 40 stores, ____ are open on Sundays.

在高亮短语中，that 起什么作用？

1. 它引入一个与前文讨论无关的新地点。
2. 它只表示说话人正站着的那个确切位置。
3. 它回指前文描述的地点类型，并限定该主张适用的地点。

按以下顺序使用提示完成句子：already + much + fast（比较级）+ and + safe（比较级）+ than。The upgraded train is ____ the old buses.

阅读这个简短例子：“Solar panels work well in the desert. For, say, a rainy coastal city, though, solar output may be less predictable.” 第二句开头的短语起什么作用？

1. 它转述某人谈论这座城市的话，而且不表示转折。
2. 它表示该论断以完全相同的方式适用于所有地方。
3. 它把论断限定在一个代表性例子上，并表示转折。

阅读这个句子：“A nationwide rollout may still be a little way off.” a little way off 是什么意思？

1. 这项推广已经在所有地方完成。
2. 这个短语给出了推广地点的实际空间距离。
3. 这项推广可能还需要一段时间才会发生。