普通朝鲜人 vs 普通韩国人 - 人民生活对比：英语精读讲义

So far in our shows featuring the average person,

到目前为止，在我们探讨普通人的系列节目中，

we focused on Europe and North America.

我们主要关注了欧洲和北美。

Today, we're heading to Asia

今天，我们要前往亚洲，

to compare what could be called a flourishing nation 語法

对比一个堪称繁荣昌盛的国家，

with a country that is usually given the epithet of secret state.

和一个通常被冠以“秘密国家”称号的国家。

The two countries sit side by side,

这两个国家毗邻而居，

and yet today they share very little in common. 講解

然而在今天，它们却鲜有共同之处。

One nation is viewed as a threat to Western democratic capitalist values,

一个国家被视为对西方民主资本主义价值观的威胁，

and the other an ally and exponent of those values.

而另一个国家则是这些价值观的盟友和倡导者。

Separated by a demilitarized zone,

它们被一条非军事区分隔开来，

it's not often that the global public gets to see what happens north of the border. 語法

全球公众鲜有机会一睹边界以北发生的事情。

Even when we are given a glimpse inside the secretive nation, 短語搭配

即便我们有时能瞥见这个神秘国家的一角，

we are often told the reality was only a show, propaganda.

我们也常被告知这不过是一场表演，一种宣传。

Today, we're going to take a look inside.

今天，我们将深入其内部一探究竟。

In this episode of The Infographics Show,

在本期《信息图表秀》中，

the average North Korean versus the average South Korean.

我们将对比普通的朝鲜人和普通的韩国人。

Don't forget to subscribe and click the bell button

别忘了订阅并点击小铃铛按钮，

so that you can be part of our notification squad.

这样您就能加入我们的通知小分队啦。

According to a fact sheet created by the Korean Economic Institute of America,

根据美国韩国经济研究所发布的情况说明书，

South Korea's 51 million people are currently living in the 13th largest economy in the world

韩国目前拥有5100万人口，按购买力平价计算，

based on purchasing power parity.

是世界第13大经济体。

That number is $1.93 trillion.

这个数字是1.93万亿美元。

Its GDP is $1.4 trillion,

其国内生产总值（GDP）为1.4万亿美元，

putting South Korea in 11th place in the world for GDP. 語法

这使得韩国的GDP排在全球第11位。

North Korea's 25 million people will not be enjoying an economic boon anytime soon. 講解

而拥有2500万人口的朝鲜，短期内恐怕无法享受到这种经济繁荣。

Its GDP, according to the CIA Factbook,

根据《中情局世界概况》，其GDP

was $25 billion in 2015.

在2015年为250亿美元。

Some sources say this number is lower.

有些消息来源称这个数字实际上更低。

The country's main industries are agriculture, mining, fishing, and the services,

该国的主要产业是农业、采矿业、渔业和服务业，

while South Korea's major industries cover more modern sectors

而韩国的主要产业涵盖了更多现代领域，

such as electronics, automotive, shipbuilding, and petrochemicals.

比如电子、汽车、造船和石化工业。

What this means in terms of wealth per capita? 短語搭配

这在人均财富方面意味着什么呢？

Well, you can probably figure that out. 短語動詞

嗯，你大概也能猜出来了。

The average wage in South Korea in 2016,

韩国2016年的平均工资，

according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,

根据经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的数据，

was just over $32,000 a year.

略微超过每年32,000美元。

This was taken by calculating the total wage bill in the country

这是通过该国的总工资支出

by the number of full-time employees.

除以全职员工数量计算得出的。

As the North Korean government doesn't publish its salaries,

由于朝鲜政府并不公布其工资数据，

it's hard to know exactly what people get paid. 語法

很难确切知道人们到底能拿多少钱。

According to North Korean Economy Watch,

根据《朝鲜经济观察》，

a high-paid official in the country could earn as much as $1,000 a month. 語法

该国的高薪官员每月最多能赚1000美元。

In an article published in NPR,

美国全国公共广播电台（NPR）发表的一篇文章中提到，

it was said many talented North Koreans working in good factory jobs

许多在优质工厂工作的优秀朝鲜人，

were earning around $62 per month.

每月收入大约在62美元左右。

It also said the workers were doing relatively okay,

文章还指出，这些工人的生活相对过得去，

and some were earning $100 per month.

有些人每月的收入能达到100美元。

This is certainly good when compared to the bottom rung of the ladder, 習語

如果与社会底层相比，这确实算不错了，

with some reports saying many North Koreans earned as little as $2 or $3 a month.

因为一些报告称，很多朝鲜人每月的收入只有可怜的2到3美元。

If that is the case, 表達脈絡

如果真是这样的话，

how do they survive on such meager wages? 短語動詞

他们如何靠如此微薄的工资生存呢？

For starters, 表達脈絡

首先，

North Korea claims that it is the world's only tax-free country,

朝鲜声称自己是世界上唯一的免税国家，

celebrating tax abolition day on April 1st.

还在4月1日庆祝废除税收日。

Even if that's true, 語法

即便这是真的，

many studies tell us that a large number of North Koreans battle with poverty.

许多研究告诉我们，仍有大量朝鲜人在与贫困作斗争。

A UN report stated that much of the population has to live on corn and kimchi

联合国的一份报告称，很大一部分人口不得不以玉米和泡菜为生，

and doesn't even have fuel to cook with.

甚至没有生火做饭的燃料。

The upside, 表達脈絡

好的一面是，

if it can be seen that way,

如果能这么看的话，

is that all North Korean property is owned by the government.

那就是所有朝鲜的房产都归政府所有。

North Koreans are given a place to live,

朝鲜人会被分配住房，

but the condition of that place will depend on what work you do

但住所的条件取决于你从事的工作

and what rank you hold.

以及你的级别。

Your social status and which part of the country you live in will also factor.

你的社会地位和居住地也是重要的决定因素。

This could mean getting a fairly decent apartment

这可能意味着你能分到一套相当不错的公寓，

or living in a place heated by an open fire

或者住在一个只能靠明火取暖的地方，

that does not have a flushing toilet or reliable electricity.

没有冲水马桶，也没有稳定的供电。

Education is also free,

教育也是免费的，

and North Korea says it has a national literacy rate of 100% for children 15 or over.

朝鲜称其15岁及以上儿童的国民识字率达到了100%。

Healthcare is free,

医疗保健同样免费，

although according to various articles, it is lacking.

尽管多篇文章指出其医疗水平尚有欠缺。

This is because of underfunding,

这是因为资金不足，

with which is partly due to sanctions and a struggling economy.

部分原因在于制裁和疲软的经济。

According to one article published in The Guardian,

根据《卫报》发表的一篇文章，

sick people were using crystal meth instead of medical drugs

生病的人甚至会使用冰毒代替医疗药物，

because the former was cheaper and provided a modicum of relief. 用詞

因为前者更便宜，还能提供一点缓解作用。

South Koreans could be said to be breaking good in comparison, 文化背景

相比之下，韩国人的处境可以说是好多了，

but at the same time more money does often mean more problems. 語法

但与此同时，钱多往往也意味着麻烦多。

While the southerners enjoy higher wages,

韩国人在享受着高工资的同时，

they also have high household debt according to global averages.

按全球平均水平来看，他们的家庭债务也很高。

In a 2017 article in Business Insider,

在《商业内幕》2017年的一篇文章中，

South Korea landed in seventh position on the debt list

韩国在债务榜上名列第七，

with 90% household debt to GDP.

家庭债务占GDP的90%。

While working in North Korea doesn't sound like a walk in the park, 習語

虽然在朝鲜工作听起来并不轻松，

South Koreans are well known for overworking themselves. 短語搭配

但韩国人也是出了名的工作狂。

According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,

根据经济合作与发展组织的数据，

the South Koreans work the second highest number of hours in the world

韩国人的工作时间在全球排名第二，

in 2015 at 2,113 hours.

2015年达到了2113小时。

This could include 12 hours of obligatory overtime on weekdays

这可能包括工作日12小时的强制加班，

and 16 hours on weekends.

以及周末的16小时。

South Koreans get 16 days of public holidays,

韩国人有16天公共假期，

one less public holiday than in North Korea.

比朝鲜少一天。

We might also cite a recent Time Magazine article

我们或许还可以引用最近《时代周刊》的一篇文章，

that said North Koreans are forced to work 70 days straight to get a day off. 短語搭配

该文章称朝鲜人被迫连续工作70天才能休息一天。

Other sources have said they get 15 days off a year.

其他消息源则称他们每年有15天假期。

With all that hard work,

面对如此繁重的工作，

South Koreans might hope to have good healthcare

韩国人大概会希望，在因为过度劳累而生病时，

if they fall ill from overdoing it. 講解

能拥有良好的医疗保健。

That they do with their free-for-all compulsory national health insurance. 講解

他们确实有，这得益于其全民强制医疗保险。

South Korea also has very modern standards of medical care

韩国还拥有非常现代化的医疗标准

and highly qualified medical professionals.

和高素质的医疗专业人员。

The system is frequently rated as being one of the best in the world.

其医疗体系经常被评为世界上最好的之一。

It can't, however, do anything for a successful suicide. 用詞

然而，对于已经自杀身亡的人来说，这一体系也无能为力。

According to the most recent World Health Organization report on global suicide,

根据世界卫生组织最新的全球自杀报告，

South Korea was the only developed country

韩国是唯一一个

in the world to make it onto the top 10 list. 短語搭配

跻身全球自杀率前十的发达国家。

Other lists include Japan.

其他类似榜单中还包括日本。

Rates differ on wherever you look,

不管看哪里，比率都有所不同，

with some sources putting South Korea in third place in the world behind North Korea.

一些消息来源将韩国排在世界第三，仅次于朝鲜。

Most reports don't mention North Korea because there are no verifiable statistics.

大多数报告没有提及朝鲜，因为缺乏可核实的统计数据。

The rates are rising,

这一比率正在上升，

and it stands at around 41.7 per 100,000 men in South Korea.

韩国每10万名男性中的自杀人数约为41.7人。

This is very high in view of all other developed nations. 短語搭配

相比于所有其他发达国家，这个数字非常高。

Many experts say the high expectations of society

许多专家认为，这归咎于社会对

on sometimes overworked men is to blame.

有时过度劳累的男性的过高期望。

The rate is also high for women,

我们还应补充一点，

we should add. 表達脈絡

女性的自杀率同样很高。

This also applies to school in the south,

这种压力同样体现在韩国的学校里，

where students study notoriously long hours as well as after-school study.

那里的学生学习时间之长是出了名的，还有课后辅导。

For this reason,

正因为如此，

its students are often in the top leagues globally for their academic performance.

它的学生在学业表现在全球范围内往往名列前茅。

Seven out of every 10 high school students in South Korea go to university, 語法

在韩国，每10名高中生中就有7名升入大学，

but this also means competitiveness and pressure make life hard for youngsters.

但这也意味着竞争和压力让年轻人的生活举步维艰。

One report says half of them think about ending it all during their school years. 習語

一份报告称，一半的学生在求学期间产生过轻生的念头。

It also means more expensive private schools popping up, 短語動詞

这也导致越来越多昂贵的私立学校涌现，

while private university semesters can cost anything from $3,000 to $6,000. 語法

而私立大学的每学期学费可能在3000到6000美元不等。

North Korea's 23,000 colleges and universities are all free.

而朝鲜的23,000所高校则全部免费。

Let's now turn to the body. 表達脈絡

现在我们来看看身体状况。

These two countries should surely have similar-looking people, 語氣意圖

这两个国家的人长得肯定很相似吧，

right?

对吗？

Well, some reports say that due to ill health, 短語搭配

嗯，有报道称，由于健康状况不佳，

North Koreans are, on average,

朝鲜人的平均身高

2 inches or even 3 inches shorter than South Koreans.

比韩国人矮2英寸甚至3英寸。

Outspoken social critic Christopher Hitchens once wrote that it was more like a 5 or 6 inch difference.

直言不讳的社会评论家克里斯托弗·希钦斯曾写道，差距其实更接近5或6英寸。

Men in the south average around 5 ft 8 and 1/2,

韩国男性平均身高约为5英尺8英寸半，

and women about 5 ft 2.

女性约为5英尺2英寸。

The South Koreans are also quite well-proportioned

韩国人的身材比例也相当匀称，

and not suffering an obesity crisis like many other developed nations.

且不像许多其他发达国家那样面临肥胖危机。

Men average around 154 lb,

男性平均体重约为154磅，

and women around 123 lb.

女性约为123磅。

Unlike the paunchy leader Kim Jong-un,

与大腹便便的领导人金正恩不同，

most North Koreans are on the lighter side than their southern counterparts. 習語

大多数朝鲜人的体重比他们的韩国同胞要轻。

Some reports state that Kim Jong-un gained 88 lb since becoming leader.

有报道指出，金正恩自上台以来体重增加了88磅。

As for having fun when not working too hard 表達脈絡

至于在不用拼命工作

or prostrating yourself to your most excellent leader,

或是向最伟大的领导人俯首称臣时的娱乐活动，

a Guardian article that cited North Korean defectors 文化背景

《卫报》一篇引用脱北者言论的文章

said that the spirit of Umju Gamu, 文化背景

提到，“Umju Gamu”的精神，

meaning the love of drinking, music, and dancing,

即对饮酒、音乐和跳舞的热爱，

is alive and well in the north. 習語

在朝鲜依然充满活力。

This is where the two countries can say they still share a similar trait.

这一点可以说是两国至今仍保留的相似特征。

They both love karaoke and getting wasted on white liquor. 用詞

他们都喜欢卡拉OK和喝白酒喝得酩酊大醉。

Although, said the article,

尽管文章也说，

North Koreans do it at home,

朝鲜人是在家里这么做，

and southerners tend to go out. 語法

而韩国人倾向于出去玩。

We'll leave it on that merry note. 表達脈絡

让我们在这个欢快的话题上结束吧。

Can you think of other ways North Koreans differ from South Koreans?

你还能想到朝鲜人与韩国人有哪些不同之处吗？

Let us know in the comments.

在评论区告诉我们吧。

Also, be sure to check out our other video called Americans versus Europeans.

此外，别忘了看看我们的另一期视频《美国人对决欧洲人》。

Thanks for watching,

感谢观看，

and as always,

一如既往，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

别忘了点赞、分享和订阅。

See you next time.

我们下期再见。