安慰剂效应的力量 - 艾玛·布莱斯：英语精读讲义

请用本课的 take part 表达完成句子：Next month, our class will ____ a community science project.

请用本课表示名称的后置修饰语完成句子：The children read a book ____ The Secret Lake.

在“The subjects received the treatment during the clinical trial.”中，subjects 是什么意思？

1. 研究中接受测试的人
2. 正在教授的学校科目
3. 正在讨论的主要话题

用 one ... while the other ... 完成对恰好两支试管的对比：There were exactly two test tubes: ____ was heated, while ____ was kept at room temperature.

哪句话以中立、正式的研究语体呈现参与者的反馈？

1. The participants claimed that they slept better.
2. The participants reported that they slept better.
3. The participants said that they slept better.

哪句话能自然比较两只脚踝的疼痛程度，并避免重复 ankle？

1. The treated ankle hurt less the untreated one.
2. The treated ankle hurt less than the untreated one.
3. The treated ankle hurt fewer than the untreated one.

哪句话用 except 引出了一个推翻最初印象的事实？

1. The puzzle seemed easy because the final clue was short.
2. The puzzle seemed easy, except none of us could solve the final clue.
3. Everyone finished the puzzle except Leo.

记者想把一种药剂说成假货，并明确表现出不信任。哪个短语最合适？

1. a standard medicinal mixture
2. a carefully measured solution
3. a fake concoction

请用 no ... at all 结构完成句子：The test found ____ harmful chemicals ____.

用目标结构完成问题：____ the key was in the drawer?

在一项对照研究中，研究人员给部分参与者一种不含有效药物成分的药片。哪个名称最适合这种药片？

1. a counterfeit drug
2. an active drug
3. a dummy drug

用 work 的过去完成时完成句子：By the time the researchers interviewed them, the students believed the medicine ____.

用 The answer lies in ... 中缺少的词完成句子：Why did the team improve? The answer ____ better communication.

哪一项最准确地说明 placebo effect？

1. 治疗不含活性成分，但期待或治疗环境等因素仍带来改善
2. 只是医生普通的口头安慰，且没有任何治疗
3. 药物中的活性成分产生的化学性缓解

在 a system wherein every vote is counted 中，哪个短语可以替换 wherein 而不改变关系？

1. by which
2. because
3. in which

在 This medicine isn't supposed to make you sleepy 中，isn't supposed to 表达什么意思？

1. 预计这种药不会让你犯困。
2. 已经证明这种药绝不会让任何人犯困。
3. 这种药被禁止让你犯困。

请用 made、my sister 和 smile 完成句子：The surprise ____.

请使用 use 的现在完成时简单形式：Researchers ____ this method since 2010.

用 the power of X to do Y 框架所需的两个连接词完成句子：Researchers studied the power ____ sleep ____ improve memory.

用 administer 的一般过去时被动形式完成句子：During the clinic visit, the vaccine ____ by a nurse.

在这个用法中，She imagined she was ill 是什么意思？

1. 她在头脑中形成了一幅关于疾病的详细画面。
2. 她以为自己病了，但这个想法可能是错的。
3. 她明知自己没病，却为了欺骗别人而装病。

句中 “I shall please” 的作用是什么？

1. 它表示 placebo 是拉丁语中“有效药物”的说法。
2. 它表示每一种 placebo 都会让病人高兴。
3. 它给出 placebo 在拉丁语中的字面词源含义，而不是现代医学定义。

补上 hint 后缺少的介词：The clues hint ____ a larger problem.

哪一句自然地使用 placate 表示缓解生气或不满者的反应？

1. The runner stretched to warm up before the race.
2. The editor divided the article into three sections.
3. The airline offered refunds to placate angry passengers.

哪一个句子正确使用了 mimic 来表示“再现相关特征或条件”？

1. The flight simulator mimics the conditions of a real flight.
2. The flight simulator mimics as the conditions of a real flight.
3. The flight simulator mimics to the conditions of a real flight.

用以 in 开头的三个词目的短语完成句子：The presenter used a diagram ____ make the process clear.

完成固定表达：The support took ____ grocery vouchers.

在医学研究中，sham surgery 通常指什么？

1. 未能帮助患者的手术
2. 用作研究对照的模拟操作
3. 未经规划而实施的紧急手术

选择能自然使用 dupe 来表示蓄意欺骗的句子。

1. The fake ad duped to shoppers into paying for a product that did not exist.
2. The fake ad duped shoppers into paying for a product that did not exist.
3. The fake ad duped shoppers paying for a product that did not exist.

选择 clinical trials 在本句中的含义。

1. 完全不涉及人类参与者的实验室实验
2. 针对一名患者日常护理的常规检查
3. 涉及人类参与者的有计划医学研究

请补全 use X as Y to do Z 结构：Researchers use satellite images ____ a tool ____ track forest loss.

开头的 To evaluate a new drug, for instance, 在这段说明中起什么作用？

1. 它否定前一个话题，并引入一个无关的话题。
2. 它宣布最终结果，并表示后面不会出现例子。
3. 它说明下一步操作的目的，并表明这是一个具体例子。

用成对结构 half ... the other half 完成句子：____ the class worked indoors; ____ worked outside.

哪一句自然地使用 dud 表示“某样东西不能正常工作”？

1. The shop called the watch a dud only because it was genuine.
2. The new flashlight looked fine, but it was a dud and would not turn on.
3. The battery was a dud, so it powered the toy all day.

哪句话使用 bias 表示使研究发现产生系统性偏差？

1. Changing the sample after seeing the data could prove that the results are unbiased.
2. Changing the sample after seeing the data could bias the results.
3. Changing the sample after seeing the data could make the results grammatically incorrect.

哪句话自然地报告一种方法相对于比较基准的可测量益处？

1. The updated method showed compared a measurable improvement the old method.
2. The updated method showed a measurable improvement compared to the old method.
3. The updated method made a measurable improvement than the old method.

用表示“反复取得的证据确认了效果”的正式被动表达完成句子：After three controlled trials, the method ____.

判断以下关于原句的说法：The sentence says that every placebo-controlled trial is automatically unethical.

1. 正确
2. 错误

在 compare a new drug against an older version 中，against 起什么作用？

1. 它表示较旧的版本产生了新药。
2. 它表示两种药物像敌人一样互相对抗。
3. 它引出较旧的版本，将其作为评估新药的基准。

用完整的目标表达 preferable to 填空：Taking the train is ____ driving in heavy traffic.

哪个短语可以较正式、概括地描述严重的疾病或健康问题？

1. a control condition
2. a serious ailment
3. a minor recovery

在植物生长实验中，Untreated soil was used as a control. 是什么意思？

1. 它迫使所有植物以相同速度生长。
2. 它提供了一个用于比较的基准。
3. 它因为无法测试而被移除。

这款应用已经运行良好，但团队还想做几处细微而精确的改进。哪个句子最符合这个计划？

1. They will fine-tune the app.
2. They will replace the app completely.
3. They will stop developing the app.

填入本课学到的两个单词组成的连接词组来表示目的：The guide spoke slowly ____ everyone could follow the directions.

将这四个词按正确顺序填入句子：exert / influence / strong / a。Public opinion can ____ on policy decisions.

判断：在 “Thanks to the traffic jam, we missed the flight,” 中，Thanks to 可能带有讽刺和责怪意味。

1. 正确
2. 错误

请用目标短语 experience relief from 的正确形式完成句子：After the new treatment, Priya ____ her knee pain, although it did not disappear completely.

句子把只睡了两小时当作已知事实。请选择最合适的连接词：She went to work ___ all she'd had was two hours of sleep.

1. even though
2. because
3. even if

用 instead of 后 be 的正确形式完成句子：Instead of ____ angry, Leo was simply tired.

哪个句子正确表达“两种产品经常被误认为彼此”？

1. The two products are often confusing with each other because their packages look alike.
2. The two products are often confused about each other because their packages look alike.
3. The two products are often confused with each other because their packages look alike.

使用 by 加 replay 的 -ing 形式完成句子：She improved her pronunciation ____ the recording several times.

选择最合适的语篇标记：Working from home saves commuting time. ____, it can feel isolating.

1. For example
2. As a result
3. On the other hand

哪一个句子把相信传言设为可能条件，而不是已确定的原因或让步关系？

1. If a reader believes the rumor is true, they may share it.
2. Because a reader believes the rumor is true, they may share it.
3. Although a reader believes the rumor is true, they may share it.

用表示对康复的看法或预测的正式名词短语完成句子：The study measured the patients' ____.

用 do 的正确强调形式和动词 reduce 完成句子：Many people doubt the update helps, but it ____ loading time.

用 seem to be capable of 这一结构的正确形式完成句子：From the early results, the device ____ detecting tiny leaks.

哪个句子能自然地表示身体会释放缓解疼痛的化学物质，并以内啡肽为例？

1. The body releases pain-reducing chemicals as endorphins.
2. The body releases pain-reduced chemicals like endorphins.
3. The body releases pain-reducing chemicals like endorphins.

选择最适合连接以下两层意思的表达：The freezer door was left open overnight. The ice cream melted.

1. Even so,
2. For example,
3. That explains why

请把 ease 用作动词来完成句子：A cool cloth may ____ the patient's discomfort.

请用 reduce levels of 完成句子：Regular sleep may help ____ stress hormones such as cortisol.

这里突出显示的问句在论述中的主要作用是什么？

1. 中立地询问说话人是否理解什么是安慰剂。
2. 先提出一个很有吸引力的结论，让后续论述能够限制或质疑它。
3. 直接命令听众举行庆祝活动。

Maya 说：“A higher price means the product will last longer.” 哪个回答最准确地表示她的结论可能成立，但并不能得到保证？

1. Yes. A higher price guarantees a longer life.
2. Not necessarily. Price alone does not guarantee durability.
3. No. A higher price can never be linked to quality.

请用表示“错失受益机会”的三个单词的短语动词完成句子：If you skip the workshop, you'll ____ valuable hands-on practice.

哪一句表示有证据支持这个方法的有效性？

1. The method is expected to work in future trials.
2. The method is being discussed after the trials.
3. The method is proven to work in controlled trials.

哪一句表示一种感受可能会随着时间推移逐渐减弱？

1. The excitement may fade over time.
2. The excitement may grow stronger over time.
3. The excitement may begin at noon.

请填入 do 的正确一般现在时形式，避免重复 change without warning：Plans can change without warning, and often ____.

在“Missing information can cloud the results”中，cloud 是什么意思？

1. 证明结果是假的
2. 使结果更准确
3. 使结果更难解读

用本课的三个词结构完成句子：Large corporations can ____ smaller suppliers.

哪句话正确表达了“尽管我们知道很多，仍然有许多问题”？

1. Although everything we know, many questions remain.
2. Despite everything we know, many questions remain.
3. Despite we know a great deal, many questions remain.

一个问题已经困扰研究人员几个世纪。哪句话最自然？

1. It remains an enduring mystery.
2. It remains an enduringly mystery.
3. It remains a durable mystery.

在这个问句中，undiscovered marvels 是什么意思？

1. 有人拒绝讨论的已发表研究成果
2. 已经得到充分理解的普通事物
3. 可能已经存在、但尚未被发现的奇妙事物

用句型 It's easy to ... and forget that ... 补全这句提醒：____ follow the loudest voice ____ quieter people may have good ideas.

在这句话中，lies right behind our eyes 主要暗示什么？

1. 我们的眼睛正在说假话。
2. 这个迷人的研究对象就是我们自己的大脑和心智。
3. 有人偷偷站在说话者身后。