蛀牙是怎么产生的？ - 梅尔·罗森伯格：英语精读讲义

哪一种解释最符合本句中 came across some 15,000-year-old human remains 的意思？

1. 他们走过了整整 15,000 具人类遗骸。
2. 他们碰巧发现了大约有 15,000 年历史的人类遗骸。
3. 他们在 15,000 年前故意制造了人类遗骸。

请用本课中表示“充斥着许多有害问题”的短语完成句子：The report was ____ factual errors.

still plagues us today 在这个句子中是什么意思？

1. 它今天才第一次以瘟疫的形式出现。
2. 它在今天之前就不再影响人们了。
3. 这个问题今天仍在持续给我们带来严重困扰。

用含 soon、表示“之后不久”的两个词短语补全句子：The symptoms faded ____ treatment.

用表示“通过接触而自然学会”的短语动词补全句子：Last month, Omar ____ several local expressions by listening to his classmates.

哪句话用 as 表示两个过程随时间同步发展？

1. As the school year progresses, the lessons become more challenging.
2. As the road was closed, we took another route.
3. As a tour guide, Lena speaks to visitors every day.

哪个句子正确地用 Depending on 把天气条件放在可能的结果之前？

1. The weather depending on, the picnic may move indoors.
2. Depending the weather, the picnic may move indoors.
3. Depending on the weather, the picnic may move indoors.

哪个句子正确地在 can 后使用两个并列的动词原形，并正确使用牙科表达 cause cavities？

1. Some mouth bacteria can overpopulate and cause cavities.
2. Some mouth bacteria can overpopulate and causing cavities.
3. Some mouth bacteria can overpopulation and cause cavities.

用本课的目标短语完成句子：Foods ____ fiber can help you feel full.

哪句话中的 an explosion of 表示突然大幅增加？

1. Firefighters investigated an explosion in the warehouse.
2. After the video went viral, there was an explosion of interest in the artist.
3. The town reported a gradual increase in visitors over ten years.

请用表示临时角色的词补全句子：In the emergency, we used a clean jar ____ a measuring cup.

阅读句子：The museum received help in the form of materials such as archival boxes. 这句话是什么意思？

1. 档案盒是作为帮助收到的材料中的一个例子。
2. 博物馆把档案盒变成了所有材料。
3. 档案盒是博物馆收到的唯一一种帮助。

哪个句子在 be + 形容词结构后正确使用了省略？

1. The coating is resistant to heat, but the plastic doesn't.
2. The coating is resistant to heat, but the plastic isn't.
3. The coating is resistant to heat, but the plastic not.

哪个句子中的 while 与原句一样表示让步？

1. While the case is strong, it cannot protect the phone from every fall.
2. While I repaired the case, my friend waited nearby.
3. While the phone was charging, I read a book.

用本课的确切表达完成句子：Even the thick gloves were ____ the freezing wind.

哪一项最准确地解释了句中的比喻和过程？

1. 牙釉质释放酸，以便添加更多的钙。
2. 酸逐渐削弱牙釉质，并从中带走钙矿物质。
3. 酸立即在牙釉质周围造出一层坚硬的金属外壳。

请用 wear down 的正确过去式描述逐渐磨损：Years of footsteps ____ the stone steps until a shallow dip appeared.

下面哪句话中的 Since 表示 because，而不是“从过去某时开始”？

1. I have lived near the school since 2020.
2. It has been three days since the storm ended.
3. Since the roads are icy, the school will open late.

用动词 spread 的正确形式完成这个现实条件句：If an infection ____, the symptoms may worsen.

用 cause 和 rise 的正确形式表示一个结果和同时发生的变化：The leak worsened, ____ water to spread across the floor as the water level ____.

请用本讲解中的两个名词完成这句医疗警示：Without ____, a badly damaged tooth may require ____.

请使用本讲解中的三个词因果总结短语：The school play started late, ____ a power failure.

选择正确使用 the more ..., the more ... 结构来连接两个变化的句子。

1. The more you practice, the more confident you become.
2. The more you practice, you become more confident.
3. More you practice, more confident you become.

选择 indulge in 表示让自己享受一种愉快的犒劳，而不是表示上瘾的句子。

1. After the hike, we avoided hot chocolate.
2. After the hike, we became addicted to hot chocolate.
3. After the hike, we indulged in hot chocolate.

这组句子采用了怎样的信息组织方式？

1. 先提出一个出人意料的结果，再说明所假设的饮食通常会让人预期什么。
2. 结束前面的主题，转而介绍一条与糖有关的独立事实。
3. 先认定肉类是已经证实的原因，再提供支持证据。

哪句话最适合补全这个过去假设的结果？If the museum had installed better alarms, ...

1. There would be a lower risk of theft next year.
2. There would have been a lower risk of theft.
3. There was a lower risk of theft.

哪个句子既保留了“相机能拍出清晰照片”这一事实，又表示相机还有更多功能？

1. The camera takes clear photos, but that's not all it can do.
2. The camera takes clear photos, but that's all it can do.
3. The camera takes clear photos, but that is not true.

哪个句子既正确地对过去作出有依据的推测，又说明列出的每一件物品都具有同一个特点？

1. The travelers would also carried maps, letters, and journals, all of which were useful on the journey.
2. The travelers would also have carried maps, letters, and journals, all of them were useful on the journey.
3. The travelers would also have carried maps, letters, and journals, some of which were useful on the journey.
4. The travelers would also have carried maps, letters, and journals, all of which were useful on the journey.

用 break down 的 get 被动形式完成句子：In a compost bin, food scraps ____ into soil-like material over time.

这句话怎样组织说明内容？

1. 先给出接触条件，再描述分解过程，最后说明一种可能的结果。
2. 句子列出三个互不相关、没有语法联系的事实。
3. 句子说细菌接触了糖，然后分解唾液。

哪句话中的 fodder 是比喻用法，表示能让某项活动继续发展的材料？

1. The leaked report became fodder for public debate.
2. The farmer stored fodder for the cattle.
3. After the hike, the children were ravenous.

用 While 和 still 完成让步结构：____ the room is small, it ____ feels comfortable.

用完整结构 That doesn't mean ..., though 补全句子：The game is difficult. ____ we cannot win, ____.

哪一项最准确地说明这些考古证据支持什么结论？

1. 人们不摄入糖，所以牙齿一直很健康。
2. 实物痕迹表明，大约一万四千年前，人们曾用磨尖的石头去除牙齿上腐坏的部分。
3. 文字记录称，大约一万四千年前，牙医就使用现代牙钻。

beeswax to plug cavities, like modern-day fillings 这一比较是什么意思？

1. 古人使用的材料和方法与现代牙医使用的完全相同。
2. 蜂蜡通过堵住牙洞，发挥了类似补牙材料的作用。
3. 蜂蜡为钻具提供了电力。

哪一句使用 , which is fortunate because ... 来评价前面的整个情况，并接着说明原因？

1. The town opened a second shelter, which is fortunate because a storm is approaching.
2. The town opened a second shelter which stores emergency blankets.
3. The town opened a second shelter, which are fortunate because a storm is approaching.

用本课中表示“应对难题”的较正式短语完成句子：Coastal towns must ____ rising sea levels.

哪句话中的 incidence 表示“某一人群中新病例的发生率”？

1. The incidence of heat-related illness surged during the heat wave.
2. Several heat-related incidents were reported during the heat wave.
3. The prevalence of heat-related illness was measured on one particular day.

哪一个句子使用了相同的清晰顺序——时间背景、结果、原因——来说明一个合理的变化？

1. Because tourism surged, the town became easier to reach after the new rail line opened.
2. Before the new rail line opened, tourism surged even though the town was difficult to reach.
3. After the new rail line opened, tourism surged because the town became easier to reach.

使用 make + 宾语 + 形容词结构，并按顺序使用 made、the medicine、cheaper 和 more accessible 完成句子：Mass production ____.

哪一项最准确地解释了标出的句子？

1. 说话人认为92%这个数字过于难以置信，因此不值得信任。
2. 说话人表示恰好92%的美国成年人目前都有未经治疗的龋齿。
3. 说话人认为92%是高得惊人的比例，并表示这些成年人截至现在曾经有过龋齿。

用 susceptible 的比较结构表示风险，并用 due to 引出原因，完成句子：Lithium batteries are ____ damage ____ extreme heat.

请用 be to blame 的正确形式完成句子：For most late deliveries, heavy traffic ____.

哪句话表示第一个方案可能有帮助，然后补充说明延长期限并不是唯一选择？

1. The first plan may help. Beside extending the deadline, we have other options.
2. The first plan may help. However, we have other options besides extending the deadline.
3. The first plan may help. However, we have no option except extending the deadline.

哪句话能自然表达“这种牙膏含有极少量的防蛀物质”？

1. The toothpaste contains a tiny amount of fluoride.
2. The toothpaste contains a tiny number of fluoride.
3. The toothpaste contains a tiny amount of fluorine.

哪句话自然使用了相同的机制说明结构：strengthens ...、encourages the growth of ...，以及含有 build up 的关系从句？

1. The mentoring program strengthens study skills, but growing peer networks can make learners less independent.
2. The mentoring program encourages confident learners because their study skills are already strong.
3. The mentoring program strengthens study skills and encourages the growth of peer networks that build up learners' confidence.

用 fill 和 close off 的正确形式以及 prevent ... from ... 中缺少的词完成句子：We use foam ____ the gap and ____ the opening, preventing cold air ____ entering.

请用一个表示“减少，但不停止”的三词短语动词完成句子：My doctor says I can still have coffee, but I should ____ it.

哪一句在 The best way to ... is ... 后正确使用了两个平行的 -ing 行动？

1. The best way to stay healthy is eating balanced meals and exercising regularly.
2. The best way to stay healthy is eating balanced meals and to exercise regularly.
3. The best way to stay healthy is eat balanced meals and exercising regularly.

请用本课中分别表示“经常践行”和“清除”的表达完成健康建议：____ good kitchen hygiene helps ____ harmful bacteria.

哪一句正确使用 That includes ...，用结构平行的行动清单展开一般概念？

1. Preparing for a school trip takes planning. That includes checking the schedule, to pack lunch, and a water bottle.
2. Preparing for a school trip takes planning. That includes checking the schedule, packing lunch, and bringing a water bottle.
3. Preparing for a school trip takes planning. That include checking the schedule, packing lunch, and bringing a water bottle.

哪一句正确地把形容词列表与关系从句结合起来，描述黏在某个表面上的多个物体？

1. The cleaner removes greasy, burnt, and sticky bits that clings to the pan.
2. The cleaner removes greasy, burnt, and sticky bits that cling to the pan.
3. The cleaner removes greasy, burnt, and sticky bits that cling the pan.

哪一句正确表示某种生物群体的数量会变少？

1. The population of bees in the orchard will reduce.
2. The population of bees in the orchard will decline.
3. The population of bees in the orchard will decline it.

哪一句正确使用 Unlike 和 today 来建立清晰的古今对比？

1. Unlike travelers of yesteryear, travelers today can get live directions on their phones.
2. Unlike travelers used paper maps, travelers today can get live directions on their phones.
3. Unlike maps of yesteryear, travelers today can get live directions on their phones.

画线短语在这句话中起什么作用？

1. 它表示这些知识可以预防严重的龋齿问题，并用夸张的押头韵让结尾更容易记住。
2. 它表示一场牙科灾难已经发生，而且无法预防。
3. 它把 cavity calamity 用作正式的临床诊断名称。

请用本课中表示“只需要”的三个英文单词完成句子：The plan is ready; we ____ follow it.