北韓人如何看待美國？：英語精讀講義

With a closed media and a fierce propaganda program, 文法

憑藉封閉的媒體和強烈的宣傳計畫，

North Korea might be considered to be a nation gripped in fear of the outside world. 文法

北韓可能會被認為是一個被對外部世界的恐懼所籠罩的國家。

But what do these people think about the outside world

但是，這些人怎麼看待外部世界，

and in particular the USA?

特別是美國呢？

Relations have been tense between the two nations since the ceasefire of the Korean War in 1953. 文法

自1953年韓戰停火以來，兩國之間的關係一直很緊張。

But does this historic tension filter down to the common man and woman on the streets in North Korea? 講解

但這種歷史性的緊張關係，是否也滲透到了北韓街頭的普通民眾中？

This is what we will be exploring as we look at the history between the two decades-long enemies

這就是我們將要探索的內容，我們將回顧這兩個幾十年宿敵的歷史，

and how current events might change the course the political future seems to be heading in.

以及時事如何可能改變看似已定的政治未來走向。

In today's episode of the Infographics Show,

在今天這一期的 Infographics Show 中，

we look at what do North Koreans think of America?

我們來看看北韓人怎麼看待美國？

While most of those who live in Eastern civilization live in a collective society,

生活在東方文明中的人大多處於一個集體主義社會，

those from the West live in an individual society.

而來自西方的人則生活在一個個人主義社會。

Perhaps nowhere on the planet can we witness the extremes of collective and individual society 文法

也許在地球上，再沒有哪個地方能像

as in the People's Republic of North Korea and the United States of America.

北韓人民共和國和美利堅合眾國這樣，讓我們看到集體和個人社會的極端對比。

Collectivism puts an emphasis on the cohesiveness among individuals 片語搭配

集體主義強調個人之間的凝聚力，

to the extent that the group is more important than the individual. 文法

甚至認為群體比個人更重要。

Collective societies work together towards a common understood aim.

集體主義社會為著一個公認的共同目標而共同努力。

Individualism, on the other hand, 表達脈絡

另一方面，個人主義

puts the worth on the individual.

則把價值放在個人身上。

This ideology believes that the individual's rights and beliefs should come before the rights of the state or social group. 片語動詞

這種意識形態認為，個人的權利和信仰應該凌駕於國家或社會群體的權利之上。

When understanding Eastern and Western civilization,

在理解東西方文明時，

it is important to make this distinction first and foremost. 片語搭配

首要的就是做出這種區分。

In 1910, Korea was annexed by Japan. 用詞

1910年，朝鮮半島被日本吞併。

After the Japanese surrendered towards the end of the Second World War,

在二戰末期日本投降後，

Korea was divided into the North occupied by the Soviet Union

朝鮮半島被劃分為由蘇聯佔領的北部

and the South occupied by the USA.

和由美國佔領的南部。

The two sides were unable to rejoin as a nation

雙方無法重新統一為一個國家，

and in 1948, separate governments were assembled.

並於1948年組建了各自的政府。

North Korea invaded the South in 1950

北韓在1950年入侵南韓，

and a 3-year war followed until both sides agreed on a ceasefire. 文化背景

隨後爆發了長達三年的戰爭，直到雙方同意停火。

North Korea calls itself a self-reliant socialist state and has formal elections.

北韓稱自己是一個自力更生的社會主義國家，並舉行正式選舉。

State-run enterprises and collectivized farms are the means of the country's production.

國有企業和集體農莊是該國的生產方式。

Healthcare, education, housing, and food production are state-funded.

醫療、教育、住房和糧食生產都是國家資助的。

Following the election of President George W. Bush in 2001, the US considered North Korea a rogue state 用詞

2001年喬治·W·布希總統當選後，美國將北韓視為流氓國家，

as the North Koreans worked hard at acquiring nuclear weapons.

因為北韓人正努力獲取核武器。

By the first term of President Barack Obama,

到了巴拉克·歐巴馬總統的第一任期，

a policy of strategic patience was adopted. 文化背景

美國採取了「戰略耐心」政策。

North Korea's supreme leader Kim Jong-il died of a heart attack

北韓最高領導人金正日死於心臟病發作，

on December 17th, 2011

時間是2011年12月17日，

and was swiftly succeeded by his youngest son Kim Jong-un. 用詞

他的小兒子金正恩迅速繼任。

On June 12th, 2018,

2018年6月12日，

Kim Jong-un met with US President Donald Trump in Singapore.

金正恩在新加坡會見了美國總統唐納·川普。

This summit, along with an earlier meeting

這次峰會，連同早些時候

between North and South Korean premiers on the militarized border,

兩韓領導人在軍事邊界上的會晤，

was considered internationally as a firm step towards peace 慣用語

在國際上被視為朝著和平邁出了堅實的一步，

between North Korea, South Korea, and the USA.

在北韓、南韓和美國之間。

The North Korean government censors art and media,

北韓政府審查藝術和媒體，

but Western films are available at private showings

但在私下放映時，西方電影是向

to high-ranking party members

高級黨員開放的，

and certain Western films are allowed to be viewed.

而且某些西方電影是允許被觀看的。

Titanic, for example,

比如《鐵達尼號》，

is often viewed by university students as an example of Western culture.

常常被大學生作為西方文化的範例來觀看。

Also, it is key to note that many more Western films 表達脈絡

此外，值得注意的是，更多的西方電影

are smuggled through as DVDs or aired by border TV and radio stations.

是透過DVD走私進來，或是透過邊境電視台和廣播電台播出的。

So much of what North Koreans think about America comes from three sources. 表達脈絡

所以，北韓人對美國的看法很大程度上來自三個管道。

One, from what the government tells and teaches them.

一，來自政府告訴和教導他們的東西。

Two, from what they see on television and hear on radio.

二，來自他們在電視上看到和收音機裡聽到的東西。

And three, from what they experienced themselves from the 1950s

三，來自他們自己在20世紀50年代的親身經歷，

or what the elder generations tell them about Americans during the conflict.

或者老一輩人在衝突期間告訴他們關於美國人的事情。

So what do most North Koreans think about the West

那麼大多數北韓人是如何看待西方，

and in particular the United States?

特別是美國的呢？

Well, many North Koreans assume North Americans have lots of guns,

嗯，很多北韓人認為北美有很多槍，

probably owing to the smuggled television shows and movies they get to see. 片語搭配

這可能歸功於他們看到的那些走私進來的電視節目和電影。

Many think Americans are all gun owners.

很多人認為美國人人手一把槍。

Many North Koreans also assume that all Americans are rich,

許多北韓人還認為所有的美國人都有錢，

live in big houses, and drive expensive cars.

住大房子，開名貴汽車。

Americans will hold hands and kiss on a first date,

美國人會在初次約會時牽手和接吻，

which is not the done thing in a collective Asian society. 慣用語

這在傳統的亞洲集體社會中是不可思議的。

And Americans are so individual that families might split the bill at a restaurant, 片語搭配

而且美國人非常注重個人主義，甚至一家人在餐館吃飯也會各付各的，

unheard of in the collective East. 用詞

這在崇尚集體的東方是聞所未聞的。

How much of all this is put together from watching TV shows, 片語動詞

這其中有多少是因為看電視節目而拼湊出來的印象，

we'll let you decide. 語氣意圖

我們留給你來判斷。

Although in the past the North Korean government had declared that the USA is one of the country's enemies,

儘管過去北韓政府曾宣布美國是該國的敵人之一，

many of North Korea's citizens don't feel that way nowadays.

但如今許多北韓公民並不這麼認為。

According to an article first published in the North Korea News,

根據首發於《北韓新聞》的一篇文章，

many people in North Korea's towns despise the Japanese,

北韓城鎮的許多人鄙視日本人，

but don't really hate Americans.

但並不是真正討厭美國人。

The North Korean regime lectures the people about its chosen ideologies,

北韓政權向民眾灌輸其選擇的意識形態，

but doesn't succeed in totally brainwashing its people when it comes to the USA. 片語搭配

但在涉及美國的問題上，並沒有成功地對民眾進行完全洗腦。

The elder generations who experienced the Korean War

經歷過韓戰的老一輩

are aware that the US didn't commit the terrible war crimes 片語搭配

清楚美國並沒有犯下那些可怕的戰爭罪行，

that the current North Korean regime claims they did.

那些現今北韓政權聲稱他們犯下的罪行。

Some of the propaganda stories are horrific.

一些宣傳故事令人毛骨悚然。

There are stories of US soldiers tearing off the limbs of North Koreans. 片語動詞

有故事說美國士兵撕裂北韓人的四肢。

They would cut out the eyes, rip off the noses,

他們會挖出眼睛，割掉鼻子，

and routinely hang North Koreans naked on trees.

還會經常把北韓人赤身裸體地掛在樹上。

These older North Koreans who were there at the time

而當時在場的那些年長的北韓人

recall American soldiers treating the women and children well

回憶說，美國士兵對婦女和兒童很好，

and even gifting the children with chocolate and snacks, 片語搭配

甚至會給孩子們贈送巧克力和零食，

according to one news source.

這是根據一家新聞來源的說法。

And then there is the unbeatable power of television. 表達脈絡

再有就是電視那無與倫比的力量。

As mentioned before, American action movies are popular,

如前所述，美國動作片很受歡迎，

although illegal in North Korea. 文法

儘管這在北韓是非法的。

When was the last time you saw the Americans playing the bad guys in an international thriller? 用詞

你上一次看到美國人在國際驚悚片中扮演壞人是什麼時候？

Some of the most popular movie franchises in the People's Republic are the James Bond series,

在北韓人民共和國最受歡迎的一些系列電影是《007》系列、

Mission Impossible, and Home Alone.

《不可能的任務》和《小鬼當家》。

North Koreans love to watch the adventures of American heroes.

北韓人喜歡看美國英雄的冒險故事。

They also dig all the high-tech pageantry 用詞

他們也很喜歡所有那些高科技的華麗場面，

as these are beyond the normal reach of the average North Korean. 慣用語

因為這些是普通北韓人平時接觸不到的。

North Korean schools teach that those who saved their country are true heroes

北韓的學校教導說，拯救他們國家的人是真正的英雄，

and are taught about the importance of the everyday hero.

並教導他們日常英雄的重要性。

However, such dreams can never be realized in their patriarchal, collective, and communist society.

然而，這樣的夢想在他們父權制、集體主義和共產主義的社會中是永遠無法實現的。

The individual overcoming repression as an entertainment medium

個人克服壓迫作為一種娛樂媒介，

is a concept people understand and enjoy all across the world,

是全世界人民都能理解和喜歡的一個概念，

no matter what society they have been brought up in. 講解

無論他們在什麼樣的社會中長大。

Although most North Korean kids have never laid eyes on an American in person, 慣用語

儘管大多數北韓孩子從未親眼見過美國人，

there is a museum in the town of Sinchon

但在信川鎮有一個博物館，

that focuses on North Korean/American history.

專門展示北韓與美國的歷史。

The Sinchon Museum of American War Atrocities shows Americans as sinister missionaries,

信川美國戰爭罪行博物館將美國人展示為陰險的傳教士、

vicious soldiers, and experts of evil torture.

邪惡的士兵和殘忍酷刑的專家。

This temple of anti-Americanism is open all spring and summer 慣用語

這座反美主義的殿堂在春夏兩季全天開放，

when school children are escorted on field trips

屆時學童們會被護送去進行實地考察，

to receive a healthy dose of hatred for the good old USA. 講解

讓他們飽嚐對「老好美國」的仇恨。

The 1950 to 1953 Korean War ended with a ceasefire,

1950至1953年的韓戰以停火告終，

but the war still has a place firmly in the hearts of many of the North Koreans.

但這場戰爭在許多北韓人心中仍牢牢佔據著一席之地。

Many Americans refer to the conflict as the forgotten war, 文化背景

許多美國人將這場衝突稱為被遺忘的戰爭，

but the war figures deeply in the propaganda and identity of North Korea as a nation. 用詞

但這場戰爭在北韓作為一個國家的宣傳和身分認同中扮演著深遠的角色。

It is thought and hoped that as new recent international relations 文法

人們認為也希望，隨著近期新的國際關係，

between the North and South are strengthened,

也就是南北韓關係得到加強，

these sentiments will change.

這些情緒將會改變。

During the 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony,

在2018年冬奧會開幕式上，

both North and South Koreans marched under a united flag.

北韓和南韓在統一旗幟下行進。

And later in the year,

而在當年的晚些時候，

North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and the South Korean president Moon Jae-in

北韓領導人金正恩和南韓總統文在寅

shook hands after 65 years of animosity.

在長達65年的敵對之後握手。

The two met at the militarized border

兩人在軍事邊界會面，

and the photographs of the event spread around the world,

該事件的照片傳遍了世界，

offering new hope for better relations between the two nations.

為兩國間更好的關係提供了新的希望。

So, how do you think this newfound relationship with North Korea

那麼，你認為這種與北韓和世界

and the world will work out? 片語動詞

新建立的關係將如何發展？

Was Donald Trump right to meet with Kim Jong-un in Singapore?

唐納·川普在新加坡會見金正恩是正確的嗎？

And how do you think the average North Korean sees America in light of these new events? 片語搭配

鑑於這些新事件，你認為普通的北韓人是如何看待美國的呢？

Let us know your thoughts in the comments.

請在評論區告訴我們你的想法。

Also, be sure to check out our other video called USA versus North Korea,

另外，一定要去看看我們的另一個影片，叫做《美國對北韓，

who would win.

誰會贏》。

Thanks for watching.

感謝觀看。

And as always, don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

像往常一樣，別忘了按讚、分享和訂閱。

See you next time.

下次見。