你本不該看這支影片：英語精讀講義

As humans we have a strong need to feel like the masters of our own fate 慣用語

身為人類，我們強烈需要感覺自己能主宰自己的命運

and when your freedom of choice is threatened 片語搭配

而當你的選擇自由受到威脅時

it creates an arousal in the body and brain

身體和大腦就會進入一種亢奮狀態

and the motivation to react

並產生做出反應的動力

ultimately compelling you to do things you're told not to do 文法

最終驅使你去做別人不准你做的事

like watching this video.

像是觀看這支影片。

Let's try a little thought experiment. 用詞

來做個小小的思想實驗吧。

Please don't think about a white bear right now. 文化背景

現在請不要去想一隻白熊。

Oops, you're probably thinking about one.

糟糕，你現在大概已經想到牠了。

Studies that give participants the same instructions

對參與者下達相同指示的研究

and have them think out loud for 5 minutes 片語搭配

會要求他們連續5分鐘把腦中的想法說出來

find that on average the white bear appears in their thoughts

結果發現，平均來說，白熊會出現在他們的思緒中

not only at the onset of the experiment 文法

不只在實驗一開始時出現

but once every minute.

而且每分鐘都會出現一次。

This automatic compulsion manifests in more concrete ways as well 片語搭配

這種不由自主的衝動也會以更具體的方式呈現

like the literary world

例如在文學界

where the attempted banning of books has often led to them being more successful. 文法

試圖禁書，往往反而讓這些書取得更大的成功。

Seriously, books like The Great Gatsby,

說真的，像《大亨小傳》、

Catcher in the Rye

《麥田捕手》

and To Kill a Mockingbird

和《梅岡城故事》這樣的書

are some of the most frequently banned books in the world 文化背景

都是全世界最常遭禁的書籍之一

yet some of the most successful. 表達脈絡

卻也都是最成功的作品之一。

So why can't we help ourselves? 慣用語

那麼，為什麼我們就是忍不住呢？

The impulse comes from the perception that we're losing our freedom

這種衝動源自我們覺得自己正在失去自由

and is a psychological behavior called reactance. 用詞

它是一種稱為「心理抗拒」的心理行為。

Have you ever been told you couldn't have something 文法

你是否曾被告知不能擁有某樣東西

only to realize that it made you want it more 文法

結果發現這反而讓你更想要它

when in the first place you never even really wanted it? 片語搭配

儘管你一開始其實根本就不想要？

A classic example is the limitation of alcohol consumption.

一個經典例子是對飲酒的限制。

In the late '80s when the US increased the legal drinking age to 21 文化背景

1980年代末期，美國將法定飲酒年齡提高到21歲時

a study of thousands of people found that those affected by the new law 文法

一項針對數千人的研究發現，受到新法律影響的人

had higher than expected alcohol consumption 文法

飲酒量比預期更高

compared to their legal age counterparts.

也高於那些已達法定飲酒年齡的人。

Studies have even found that there is an increased interest in entertainment programming

研究甚至發現，人們對娛樂節目的興趣會增加

when it begins with a warning

如果節目一開始就出現這樣的警語：

viewer discretion is advised. 文化背景

「請觀眾自行斟酌觀看。」

Our curiosity is a powerful force

我們的好奇心是一股強大的力量

which has led to the successful rise of clickbait on the internet.

正是它讓網路上的「點擊誘餌」迅速走紅。

Titles like a wealthy person lost all their money

「一位富豪失去了所有財產，

you won't believe what happened next 表達脈絡

接下來發生的事你絕對想不到」這類標題

gives you essential information

會提供一些關鍵資訊

but leaves a gap in the knowledge

卻故意留下一塊資訊空白

that you must fulfill.

讓你非得把它填起來。

Known as the information gap theory 用詞

這就是所謂的「資訊缺口理論」

we're primed to want to fill in the blanks. 講解

我們會本能地想填補這些空白。

This taps into our psychological and physiological response. 片語動詞

這正好利用了我們的心理和生理反應。

In fact, studies measuring pupil arousal show that if you're more emotionally aroused from a headline 文法

事實上，透過瞳孔變化測量喚起程度的研究顯示，一個標題越能激起你的情緒

you're more likely to click it

你就越有可能點開它

and we put up with clickbait because well sometimes it works. 片語動詞

而我們之所以容忍點擊誘餌，是因為，嗯，它有時真的有效。

Sometimes we get the satisfaction and release of dopamine we wanted

有時，我們會得到想要的滿足感，多巴胺也隨之釋放

by satiating our desire to fill in the information gap 片語搭配

因為我們填補資訊空白的欲望得到了滿足

which makes your desire to click next time even stronger.

這會讓你下一次更想點進去。

In the same way when we disobey rules 表達脈絡

同樣地，當我們違反規則時

we can also find pleasure and a surge of dopamine 片語搭配

我們也會感到愉悅，並迎來一波多巴胺激增

which creates positive reinforcement. 用詞

進而形成正向強化。

You may also be a genetically predisposed rule breaker. 用詞

你也可能有打破規則的遺傳傾向。

Studies on twins and adopted children have shown

對雙胞胎和被收養兒童的研究顯示

how your genes play a large role in how impulsive you are. 片語搭配

基因對你的衝動程度有很大的影響。

In general, people with lower levels of baseline serotonin 用詞

整體來說，基礎血清素濃度較低的人

were seen to have increased impulsive behavior 文法

往往會表現出更強的衝動行為

which led to breaking the rules.

因而更容易違反規則。

With all that said, 表達脈絡

話雖如此，

don't you dare go watching more AsapSCIENCE videos. 語氣意圖

你可千萬別去看 AsapSCIENCE 的更多影片。

You're simply not allowed.

你就是不准看。

I'm putting this playlist right here

我把這份播放清單放在這裡

but it's not for you

但它可不是給你看的

and you better not subscribe for more weekly videos every Thursday. 文法

而且你最好別訂閱，不然每週四都會看到更多新影片。

We won't see you back here then.

那我們到時候就不會在這裡再見到你了。

Bye.

掰掰。