為什麼伊隆·馬斯克要在自己家裡辦學校？：英語精讀講義

This is exclusive video of Elon giving a lecture at the home he used to own in Bel Air. 文法

這段獨家影片展示了馬斯克在曾擁有的貝萊爾豪宅裡講課。

Is everybody listening?

大家都在聽嗎？

He didn't think regular schools were doing a good enough job of preparing kids. 片語搭配

他認為普通學校在培養孩子方面做得不夠好。

Does anybody have any experience with first principles analysis? 文化背景

有人了解過第一性原理分析嗎？

Do you know what it means?

你們知道這是什麼意思嗎？

Did you read about it or anything?

你們有讀過相關的資料嗎？

He's a big proponent of teaching people to think based on first principles, 片語搭配

他極力提倡教人基於第一性原理去思考，

which is figuring out how things work by boiling them down to the basics. 片語動詞

也就是把事物回歸到最基本的層面，去探究其運作方式。

For example,

比如，

it used to be that people thought a radical improvement in rocketry was impossible. 文法

過去人們認為要在火箭技術上取得根本性突破是不可能的。

Space agencies and private companies tried to build reusable rockets,

航太機構和私人企業曾嘗試製造可重複使用的火箭，

but failed.

但都失敗了。

The only one that kind of worked was NASA's space shuttle, 語氣意圖

唯一算得上成功的只有美國太空總署的太空梭，

but the cost of refurbishing the boosters by fishing them out of the ocean was so great 文法

但從海裡打撈助推器並翻新的成本太高了，

that it didn't make sense.

以至於這根本不划算。

You look at what others are doing,

你看看別人是怎麼做的，

say well others didn't make it work,

說，既然別人沒做成，

therefore it doesn't work.

所以這就行不通。

But that has no basis in reality. 片語搭配

但這種說法完全脫離現實。

Um A first principles of a foundational approach would be to say,

呃，第一性原理這一基礎方法的思路應該是，

let's look at the physics and economics um of a rocket

讓我們來看看火箭的物理學和經濟學原理，

and say,

然後問，

if we analyze the physics um of the rocket,

如果我們分析一下火箭的物理原理，

is it physically possible?

它在物理上是可行的嗎？

First principles thinking would break down the cost of the rocket's materials 片語動詞

第一性原理思維會將火箭材料的成本拆解，

and figure out how to reassemble the materials to produce a more affordable rocket,

弄清楚如何重新組裝這些材料，從而製造出更實惠的火箭，

which is SpaceX's mission.

這正是 SpaceX 的使命。

Ad Astra school originally began at SpaceX's rocket factory in Hawthorne, California,

Ad Astra 學校最初是在加利福尼亞州霍桑市的 SpaceX 火箭工廠裡創辦的，

to teach Elon's children and the kids of some employees.

專門為馬斯克的孩子和部分員工的孩子提供教育。

Then it moved to his house for a couple of years,

後來它搬到了馬斯克的家裡，辦了幾年，

the one that formerly belonged to Gene Wilder.

這座房子以前屬於吉恩·懷爾德 (Gene Wilder)。

Elon was a guest lecturer.

馬斯克在裡面擔任客座講師。

The teacher who helped create the curriculum was Josh Dahn.

協助設計課程的老師名叫喬什·達恩 (Josh Dahn)。

Hey Josh.

嗨，喬什。

Hey Cindy.

嗨，辛迪。

Dahn taught one of Elon's sons at a private school for gifted children in LA.

達恩曾在洛杉磯一所針對天才兒童的私立學校教過馬斯克的一個兒子。

The SpaceX CEO then approached him to start an experimental school at his rocket factory.

這位 SpaceX 執行長後來找到他，讓他在自己的火箭工廠裡創辦一所實驗學校。

So if Elon's directive was to make it great,

所以，如果馬斯克的指示是「把它辦好」，

then okay, well what does great look like? 語氣意圖

那麼，究竟什麼樣的才算「好」呢？

It looked like a totally different experience than a typical school.

它看起來與典型的學校體驗截然不同。

Instead of classes in languages, music, or sports,

孩子們不學語言、音樂或體育，

kids focused on critical thinking,

而是專注於培養批判性思維，

solving the types of problems SpaceX employees tackle.

解決 SpaceX 員工們正在攻克的那類問題。

Like imagine how the grid fin can be redesigned. 文化背景

比如，想像一下如何重新設計柵格翼。

He's referring to the fins that come down when the Falcon 9 lands.

他指的是獵鷹 9 號著陸時展開的那些鰭片。

could you imagine other designs?

你們能想像出其他的設計嗎？

And how would you have known if those designs would be more efficacious than a design that's currently being used? 用詞

而且你怎麼知道這些設計會比目前使用的更有效呢？

The lesson of first principles is to not be bound by what's already been done. 片語搭配

第一性原理的要義就是不受既往經驗的束縛。

You don't have to create grid fins of the same design, size, or material.

你們不必製造相同設計、尺寸或材質的柵格翼。

You can even go back to the drawing board completely and imagine something totally different that could direct a descending rocket. 慣用語

你們甚至可以完全推翻重來，想像一種完全不同的東西，用來引導下降的火箭。

Can something other than grid fins be better for the successor to the Falcon 9, Starship? 片語搭配

對於獵鷹 9 號的繼任者星艦來說，有沒有比柵格翼更好的東西？

There were also questions related to Tesla,

其中也有和特斯拉相關的問題，

as students had exposure to Tesla's design studio within SpaceX's Hawthorne factory. 片語搭配

因為學生們有機會接觸設在 SpaceX 霍桑工廠內的特斯拉設計工作室。

For example, Like what could the Supercharger network look like in a country where it doesn't yet exist?

比如，在一個還沒有超充網絡的國家，它建起來會是什麼樣？

So, what if you created the Supercharger network in Argentina? 文法

那麼，如果你要在阿根廷建立超級充電站網絡呢？

There are many different ways to answer this question.

這個問題有很多種不同的解答方式。

What Josh was looking for was the ability to reason. 文法

喬什看重的是推理能力。

Centering Superchargers around dense populations is a start.

以人口密集的地區為中心建設超充站是個開始。

And then the next question is like, well where do we go next?

那麼接下來的問題就是，我們下一步該去哪兒？

And the way that they have reasoned through that is really interesting because then they're seeing these like multiple pathways that they could approach. 片語動詞

他們推理這個問題的方式非常有趣，因為隨後他們會看到多種可以嘗試的路徑。

And one of the ways that you can help them is to limit the number of Superchargers that they can build. 文法

你可以幫助他們的一種方法是，限制他們能夠建造的超充站數量。

So if you can only build,

所以，如果你只能建造，

you know, 50 Superchargers in the country of Argentina for that first year,

比如第一年在阿根廷只能建 50 個超充站，

where would those 50 be?

這 50 個站要建在哪裡？

And this is high-level thinking at a really young age.

這種高級別的思維訓練從很小的時候就開始了。

It's remarkable what kids are capable of when you give them opportunities where they have decisions to make. 文法

當你給孩子們做決定的機會時，他們展現出的能力是驚人的。

Josh now runs Synthesis,

喬什現在營運著 Synthesis，

an online program applying the same type of thinking at Elon's school.

這是一個將馬斯克學校中的同類思維方式應用到線上的計畫。

Oh my gosh, this is the best place for

天哪，這是最適合的地方……

Oh, we're going really fast.

哇，我們速度好快。

Yes.

是的。

Students from around the world strategize in teams as a way to mirror collaboration in real life. 用詞

來自世界各地的學生分組制定策略，以模擬現實生活中的團隊合作。

Have fun.

玩得開心。

We'll start the first game in about 5 minutes.

我們大概在 5 分鐘後開始第一局遊戲。

Although the students are as young as eight, 文法

儘管這些學生只有八歲，

the problems they have to answer are difficult even for adults.

他們要解答的問題即使對成年人來說也很困難。

For example, imagine that rocket travel is as normal as plane travel.

比如，想像一下火箭旅行變得像坐飛機一樣尋常。

If you had to choose one future, 文法

如果你必須選擇一個未來，

which would it be?

會是哪一個？

Traveling to anywhere on Earth within an hour,

一小時內到達地球上的任何地方，

going sightseeing on the moon,

去月球觀光，

or three, starting a city on Mars.

或者是第三項，在火星上建立一座城市。

Again, there's no right or wrong answer. 片語搭配

同樣，這沒有對錯之分。

But the idea is to start wondering like, well, which will come first and which one will change human life here on Earth most?

但這個想法是開始讓人思考，究竟哪一個會最先實現，哪一個又會對我們在地球上的人類生活改變最大？

It's about figuring out what the future will look like and then building that future. 片語動詞

這關乎弄清楚未來會是什麼樣子，然後去建設那個未來。

In the way that Tesla is looking to disrupt transportation and SpaceX the rocket industry,

就像特斯拉試圖顛覆交通領域，SpaceX 試圖顛覆火箭產業一樣，

Elon is reimagining the future of education.

馬斯克正在重新構想教育的未來。

Although his original private school is no longer running,

儘管他最初的那所私立學校已經停止營運，

he's opened up another Ad Astra school at SpaceX's Starbase in Texas with a few dozen students. 片語動詞

但他在德克薩斯州 SpaceX 的星基地又開設了一所 Ad Astra 學校，招收了幾十名學生。

Will this type of education produce the next great entrepreneur?

這種類型的教育會培養出下一位偉大的企業家嗎？

There are many ways to learn that can be more effective than sitting in a classroom.

學習的方式有很多，比坐在教室裡更有效的也有很多。

My sponsor Brilliant is a website and app where you can improve your science, math, and computer science skills by learning interactively.

我的贊助商 Brilliant 是一個網站和應用程式，你能透過互動學習來提升科學、數學和電腦科學技能。

Their puzzles are for people of all ages and experiences,

他們的難題適合所有年齡層和不同經驗的人，

whether you're studying or if you're already working. 文法

無論你是在上學還是已經工作。

I use Brilliant to improve my critical thinking skills by going through their logic courses. 片語動詞

我透過學習 Brilliant 的邏輯課程來提高我的批判性思維能力。

Brilliant has sponsored my videos since I started Newsthink in 2020, 文法

自從我 2020 年創辦 Newsthink 以來，Brilliant 一直在贊助我的影片，

and I've noticed my viewers especially love their computer science fundamentals course,

我發現我的觀眾特別喜歡他們的電腦科學基礎課程，

where you can wrap your mind around computational thinking and no coding is required. 慣用語

在那裡你可以輕鬆理解運算思維，而且不需要程式設計基礎。

Their scientific thinking course is also really popular with my viewers.

他們的科學思維課程也非常受我的觀眾歡迎。

You can explore the laws of physics and principles of engineering and learn the rules as you play.

你可以在邊玩邊學中探索物理定律和工程原理。

If you're ever stuck,

如果你卡住了，

you can view the explanation to understand where you went wrong. 片語搭配

可以查看解析，了解自己錯在哪裡。

Brilliant is free for you to try out by going to the custom link in my description,

點擊我簡介裡的專屬連結，你就能免費試用 Brilliant，

brilliant.org/newsthink.

連結是 brilliant.org/newsthink。

And the first 200 people to sign up with my link will get 20% off the annual premium subscription,

前 200 名透過我的連結註冊的人，還能獲得年度高級訂閱 20% 的折扣，

which unlocks all of the courses on Brilliant.

從而解鎖 Brilliant 上的所有課程。