如何使用第三條件句——英語迷你課程：英語精讀講義

If only you had watched this video sooner, 文法

要是你早點看這支影片，

you would already have known how to use the third conditional.

你就已經知道怎麼用第三條件句了。

Let's talk about the third conditional. 片語搭配

我們來談談第三條件句。

The third conditional is used to describe an imaginary past event. 講解

第三條件句用來描述想像中的過去事件。

We often use it for regrets or wishes in the past. 片語搭配

我們經常把它用在表達對過去的遺憾或願望。

So, I'm going to tell you a story about something that happened to me recently. 表達脈絡

所以，我要給你們講一個我最近發生的故事。

And then afterwards,

然後，

I'll show you how we can use the third conditional to talk about it.

我會向你們展示我們如何使用第三條件句來談論它。

I woke up a little bit late on the day of a very important exam. 片語動詞

在一個非常重要的考試當天，我起得有點晚了。

Luckily, I wasn't very late.

幸運的是，我沒有遲到太多。

So, I just had to rush a bit in the morning 文法

所以，早上我只需稍微趕一下，

and in the end, I managed to leave the house on time. 講解

最後，我按時離開了家。

When I got to the school, 片語搭配

當我到了學校，

I took my seat in the exam room 片語搭配

我在考場坐下，

and the examiner asked to see my passport for ID. 語氣意圖

考官要求看我的護照作為身分證明。

I checked in my bag and the passport wasn't there.

我翻了翻我的包包，護照不在那裡。

Oh, no.

糟糕。

Luckily, the examiner recognized me

幸運的是，考官認出了我，

because the exam was at my school.

因為考試就在我的學校舉行。

So, they said I could take the exam anyway, 語氣意圖

所以，他們說我還是可以參加考試，

but with my driving license as ID. 文化背景

但是要用我的駕照作為身分證明。

I thought everything was okay,

我以為一切都沒問題，

but at the end of the exam, 片語搭配

但在考試結束時，

the big boss came to see me 用詞

大老闆來找我，

and said they could only accept my exam 文法

說他們只有在同一天拿到我的護照，

if I gave them my passport on the same day.

才能接受我的考試。

So, I had no choice but to cycle all the way back to my apartment 片語搭配

所以，我別無選擇，只好一路騎車回公寓

to look for the passport. 片語搭配

去找護照。

I got there and I searched everywhere,

我到了那裡，找遍了所有地方，

but I couldn't find it.

但就是找不到。

And then I thought of something. 片語搭配

就在那時，我想起了一件事。

I went back to my bag

我回到我的包包旁，

and I looked in a little secret pocket inside

看了看裡面的一個小秘密口袋，

and the passport had been there the whole time. 文法

護照一直都在那裡。

So, then I just had to cycle all the way back to school

所以，我只好又一路騎車回學校，

and show the examiners my passport

給考官看我的護照，

so that finally they would accept the exam. 文法

以便他們最終接受我的考試。

So, this is something that I regret

所以，這是一件讓我後悔的事，

and I can use the third conditional to talk about it.

我們可以用第三條件句來談論它。

For example, I could say,

例如，我可以這樣說：

"If I hadn't woken up late, 文法

「如果我沒有起晚，

I wouldn't have had to rush in the morning." 文法

早上我就不用那麼趕了。」

That's a regret.

那是一種遺憾。

But I can also use it for positive things that happened,

但我也可以用它來談論發生的好事，

like,

比如，

"If the examiner hadn't recognized me,

「如果考官沒有認出我，

I wouldn't have been allowed to do the exam." 文法

我就不會被允許參加考試了。」

In both these situations,

在這兩種情況下，

we're using the same structure.

我們都在使用相同的結構。

We use if and then the past perfect. 文法

我們使用 if，然後加上過去完成式。

So, that's the subject, 文法

所以，就是主詞，

had,

had，

and then the past participle.

然後是過去分詞。

And then in the conditional clause,

接著在條件子句裡，

you have would have 文法

用 would have

and the past participle.

加上過去分詞。

So, subject,

所以，就是主詞，

would have,

would have，

past participle.

過去分詞。

You can switch these two clauses round 文法

你可以調換這兩個子句的順序，

if you want to.

如果你願意的話。

For example,

例如，

"I wouldn't have been allowed to do the exam 文法

「我就不會被允許參加考試，

if the examiner hadn't recognized me."

如果考官沒有認出我。」

If you want to make a regret stronger,

如果你想讓遺憾表達得更強烈，

you can add the word only after if. 文法

你可以在 if 後面加上 only。

For example,

例如，

"If only I had checked my bag properly, 文法

「要是我仔細檢查了我的包包就好了，

I would have found my passport."

我就能找到我的護照了。」

If only tells you 語氣意圖

If only 告訴你

that this is something I really regret.

這是一件讓我非常後悔的事情。

A similar structure that we can use to talk about regrets

我們可以用來談論遺憾的一個類似結構

is wish plus past perfect. 文法

是 wish 加上過去完成式。

For example,

例如，

"I wish I had taken the bus." 文法

「我真希望我搭了公車。」

And then you can add a consequence.

然後你可以加上一個結果。

"I wish I had taken the bus

「我真希望我搭了公車，

because then I wouldn't have been so tired at the end of the day." 文法

因為那樣的話，一天結束時我就不會那麼累了。」

So, these are three structures

所以，這三種結構

you can use to talk about imaginary situations

可以用來談論過去

in the past.

想像中的情況。

The third conditional,

第三條件句，

if only,

if only，

and wish.

以及 wish。

If only you had watched this video sooner,

要是你早點看這支影片，

you would already have known how to use the third conditional.

你就已經知道怎麼用第三條件句了。