尼采：命運之愛 (Amor Fati)：英語精讀講義

One of the strangest yet most intriguing aspects of Friedrich Nietzsche's ideas 文法

弗里德里希·尼采思想中最奇怪卻又最引人入勝的方面之一，

is his repeated enthusiasm for a concept that he called amor fati, 文化背景

就是他多次對一個叫「amor fati」的概念表現出極大的熱情，

translated from the Latin as a love of one's fate,

這個詞從拉丁文翻譯過來是「對命運的愛」，

or as we might put it, 表達脈絡

或者用我們的話來說，

a resolute enthusiastic acceptance of everything that has happened in one's life.

就是對自己生命中發生的一切，都表現出堅定且充滿熱情的接受。

The person of amor fati doesn't seek to erase anything of their past, 文法

奉行「amor fati」的人不會試圖抹去他們過去的任何東西，

but rather accepts what has occurred,

而是接受已經發生的事情，

the good and the bad,

無論是好的還是壞的，

the mistaken and the wise,

是錯誤的還是明智的，

with strength and an all-embracing gratitude

用堅韌和包容一切的感激之情，

that borders on a kind of enthusiastic affection. 片語動詞

這近乎是一種狂熱的愛慕。

This refusal to regret and retouch the past 慣用語

這種拒絕後悔和修飾過去的態度，

is heralded as a virtue at many points in Nietzsche's work. 片語搭配

在尼采著作的許多地方都被譽為一種美德。

In his book The Gay Science,

在他的著作《快樂的科學》中，

written during a period of great personal hardship for the philosopher,

這部書寫於這位哲學家個人生活極為艱難的時期，

Nietzsche writes,

尼采寫道：

"I want to learn more and more

「我想越來越多地學習

to see as beautiful what is necessary in things. 文法

把事物中必然的東西看作美的。

Then I shall be one of those who makes things beautiful.

這樣我就會成為使事物變得美麗的人之一。

Amor fati.

Amor fati（熱愛命運）。

Let that be my love henceforth.

願它從今往後成為我的愛。

I don't want to wage war against what is ugly. 慣用語

我不想向醜陋的事物宣戰。

I don't want to accuse.

我不想指責。

I don't even want to accuse those who accuse.

我甚至不想指責那些指責的人。

Looking away shall be my only negation.

移開視線將是我唯一的否定。

And all in all, and on the whole, 片語搭配

歸根結底，總而言之，

someday I wish to be only a yes-sayer." 用詞

某一天我希望能僅僅成為一個說『是』的人。」

And a few years later, in Ecce Homo,

幾年後，在《瞧！這個人》中，

Nietzsche writes, "My formula for greatness in a human being is amor fati.

尼采寫道：「我衡量人類偉大之處的公式就是amor fati。

That one wants nothing to be different,

一個人不希望任何事情變得不同，

not forward, not backwards,

無論向未來，向過去，

not in all eternity.

還是在整個永恆中。

Not merely bear what is necessary, 文法

不僅僅是承受那些必然的事物，

still less conceal it, but love it."

更不是掩蓋它，而是去愛它。」

In most areas of life, most of the time, we do the very opposite.

在生活的大多數領域，大多數時候，我們所做的恰恰相反。

We spend a huge amount of time taking stock of our errors, 慣用語

我們花費大量時間盤點自己的錯誤，

regretting and lamenting the unfortunate twists of fate 慣用語

為不幸的命運波折感到後悔和哀嘆，

and wishing that things could have gone differently. 文法

並希望事情能有所不同。

We are typically mighty opponents of anything that smacks of resignation or fatalism. 片語動詞

我們通常是任何帶有聽天由命或宿命論色彩的事物的強大反對者。

We want to alter and improve things,

我們想要改變和改善事物，

ourselves, politics, the economy, the course of history.

我們自己、政治、經濟、歷史的進程。

And part of this means refusing to be passive

而這部分意味著拒絕被動地

about the errors, injustices, and ugliness

對待錯誤、不公和醜陋，

of our own and the collective past.

無論是我們自己的還是集體的過去。

Nietzsche himself in some moods knows this defiance full well. 片語搭配

尼采本人在某些情緒下也非常清楚這種反抗。

There is much emphasis in his work on action, initiative, and self-assertion.

他的著作中有很多強調行動、主動性和自我主張的內容。

His concept of the Wille zur Macht, 文化背景

他提出的『Wille zur Macht』，

or will to power,

或『權力意志』的概念，

embodies just this attitude of vitality and conquest of obstacles.

恰恰體現了這種充滿活力和克服障礙的態度。

However, he's aware that in order to lead a good life,

然而，他意識到，為了過上美好的生活，

we need to keep in mind plenty of opposing ideas

我們需要在腦海中保留許多對立的思想，

and marshal them as and when they become relevant. 片語搭配

並在它們變得相關時將它們組織起來。

We don't, in Nietzsche's eyes, need to be consistent.

在尼采看來，我們不需要保持一致。

We need to have the ideas to hand that can salve our wounds. 講解

我們需要手頭上有能治癒我們創傷的思想。

Nietzsche isn't, therefore, asking us to choose

因此，尼采並不是要求我們

between glorious fatalism on the one hand 表達脈絡

在光榮的宿命論

or a vigorous willing on the other.

和充滿活力的意志之間做出選擇。

He is allowing us to have recourse to either intellectual move, 片語搭配

他允許我們在適當的場合下，

depending on the occasion.

求助於這兩種思想傾向中的任何一種。

He wishes our mental toolkit to have more than one set of ideas, 慣用語

他希望我們的精神工具箱裡有不止一套思想，

to have, as it were, both a hammer and a saw.

可以說，既有鎚子也有鋸子。

Certain occasions particularly need the wisdom of a will-driven philosophy.

某些場合特別需要由意志驅動的哲學智慧。

Others demand that we know how to accept, embrace, and stop fighting the inevitable. 文法

另一些場合則要求我們懂得如何接受、擁抱並停止與不可避免的事物作鬥爭。

In Nietzsche's own life, there was much that he had tried to change and overcome.

在尼采自己的生活中，有很多他曾試圖改變和克服的事情。

He had fled his restrictive family in Germany and escaped to the Swiss Alps.

他逃離了德國那管束嚴格的家庭，逃到了瑞士阿爾卑斯山。

He had tried to get away from the narrowness of academia and become a freelance writer.

他試圖擺脫學術界的狹隘，成為一名自由撰稿人。

He had tried to find a wife who could be both a lover and an intellectual soulmate.

他試圖找到一個既是情人又是精神靈魂伴侶的妻子。

But a lot in this project of self-creation and self-overcoming

但是在這個自我創造和自我克服的計畫中，有很多事情

had gone terribly wrong. 片語搭配

出現了可怕的差錯。

He couldn't get his parents, especially his mother and sister, out of his head. 慣用語

他無法把他的父母，特別是他的母親和妹妹，從腦海中抹去。

Nietzsche's books sold dismally,

尼采的書銷量慘淡，

and he was forced more or less to beg from friends and family

他差不多被迫向朋友和家人乞討

in order to keep going.

才能維持生活。

Meanwhile, his halting gauche attempts to seduce women

同時，他笨拙地試圖誘惑女人的嘗試，

were met by ridicule and rejection. 片語搭配

遭到了嘲笑和拒絕。

There must have been so many lamentations and regrets 文法

當他漫步走過上恩加丁時，

running through his mind in his walks across the Upper Engadine 慣用語

以及在錫爾斯瑪利亞那座簡陋的小木屋裡度過一個個夜晚時，

and his nights in his modest wooden chalet in Sils Maria.

一定有無數的哀嘆和悔恨在他的腦海中閃過。

"If only I'd stuck with an academic career.

「要是我堅持在學術界發展就好了。

If only I'd been more confident around certain women. 文法

要是我在某些女人面前能自信點就好了。

If only I'd written in a more popular style.

要是我寫得更通俗易懂點就好了。

If only I'd been born in France."

要是我出生在法國就好了。」

It was because such thoughts,

正是因為這樣的想法，

and every one of us has our own distinct variety of them,

而我們每個人都有自己獨特的類似想法，

can ultimately be so destructive and so soul-sapping

最終可能會如此具有破壞性並且讓人心力交瘁，

that the idea of amor fati grew compelling to Nietzsche.

使得「amor fati」的想法對尼采來說變得極具吸引力。

Amor fati was the idea that he needed

「Amor fati」正是他所需要的想法，

in order to regain sanity after hours of self-recrimination and criticism.

以便在經歷了數小時的自責和批評之後恢復理智。

It's the idea we ourselves may need at 4:00 a.m.

這也是我們在凌晨4點時可能需要的想法，

finally to quieten a mind that has started gnawing into itself 慣用語

為了最終讓午夜後不久就開始陷入內耗的頭腦平息下來。

shortly after midnight.

這一切開始於午夜過後不久。

It's an idea with which a troubled spirit can greet the first signs of dawn.

藉助這個想法，一個煩躁不安的靈魂可以迎接黎明的第一縷曙光。

At the height of the mood of amor fati, 片語搭配

在達到「amor fati」情感的頂點時，

we recognize that things really could not have been otherwise, 文法

我們認識到事情真的不可能有其他結果，

because everything we are and have done

因為我們是誰以及我們所做的一切，

is bound closely together in a web of consequences 慣用語

都緊密地交織在一張因果網絡中，

that began with our birth

這張網從我們出生時就開始編織，

and which we are powerless to alter at will. 片語搭配

而我們無力隨心所欲地改變它。

We see that what went right and what went horribly wrong are as one, 表達脈絡

我們看到一切順利的與極其糟糕的事情是一體的，

and we commit ourselves to accepting both, 片語搭配

我們承諾接受兩者，

to no longer destructively hoping that things could have been otherwise.

不再破壞性地希望事情能有所不同。

We were headed to a degree of catastrophe from the start.

從一開始我們就注定要走向某種程度的災難。

We end up saying, with tears in which there mingle grief and a sort of ecstasy, 文法

我們最終會流著悲傷與一種狂喜交織的眼淚說，

a large yes to the whole of life 慣用語

對整個生命大聲說「是」，

in its absolute horror and occasional moments of awesome beauty.

無論是在它絕對恐怖的時刻，還是在它偶爾展現出令人敬畏的美麗的時刻。

In a letter to a friend written in the summer of 1882,

在1882年夏天寫給朋友的一封信中，

Nietzsche tried to sum up the new spirit of acceptance 片語動詞

尼采試圖總結這種新的接受精神，

that he had learned to lean on 片語動詞

他已經學會了依靠它

to protect him from the agony of regret.

來保護自己免受後悔帶來的痛苦。

"I am in a mood of fatalistic surrender to God.

「我正處於一種宿命般向上帝臣服的心境中。

I call it amor fati.

我稱之為amor fati。

So much so that I would be willing to rush into a lion's jaws." 講解

甚至到了我願意衝進獅子嘴裡的地步。」

And that is where, after a bit too much regret,

而這就是在經歷了一些太多的遺憾之後，

we should learn, sometimes, to join him.

我們有時應該學會加入他的地方。

Thank you for watching.

感謝收看。

If you want to learn more about the thinkers from our videos,

如果你想了解更多關於我們影片中思想家的資訊，

check out our Great Thinkers book,

請查看我們的《偉大思想家》一書，

available worldwide and now as an ebook.

全球發售，現在還有電子書版本。