發生核爆炸時該怎麼辦？！：英語精讀講義

This episode is brought to you by Dashlane. 片語搭配

本集節目由 Dashlane 贊助播出。

Never forget another password and keep all your credentials

永遠不再忘記密碼，並保護你所有的憑證

secure by signing up for a free account today. 片語動詞

只需今天註冊一個免費帳號即可確保安全。

Imagine this, 表達脈絡

想像一下，

a sudden bright light followed by the sounds of the heavens opening. 慣用語

一道突如其來的強光，緊接著傳來震耳欲聾的巨響。

An intense heat blast smashes through the city

一股強烈的熱浪猛烈衝擊著城市，

and a gigantic mushroom cloud slowly rises.

一朵巨大的蘑菇雲緩緩升起。

Cars swerve from the roads

汽車在道路上失控轉向，

amid the screams of fear, panic, and pain.

伴隨著恐懼、驚慌和痛苦的尖叫聲。

And that's only if you have enough time to see the spectacle 文法

那還是在你被徹底從地球表面抹去之前，

before being blasted off the face of the Earth. 慣用語

有足夠時間目睹這一慘狀的情況。

It's an apocalyptic image all right.

這確實是一幅末日景象。

But would a nuclear blast really spell the end of the world? 用詞

但核爆真的意味著世界末日嗎？

Are there any steps that we could take in advance

我們能否提前採取一些措施，

to avoid frying as the nuclear device is detonated in our home city?

以避免在核裝置於我們所在的城市被引爆時化為灰燼？

That's what we'll find out in this episode of The Infographics Show,

這就是我們要在本集《The Infographics Show》中探討的內容：

How to Survive Nuclear Fallout.

《如何從核落塵中倖存》。

The debate on whether or not we could survive a nuclear war 文法

關於我們是否能在核戰爭中倖存的爭論

is still wide open. 慣用語

仍然懸而未決。

But one thing is for sure, 表達脈絡

但有一件事是肯定的，

the weapons are getting darn right nastier.

武器正變得越來越可怕。

The nuclear warheads that the world has at its disposal right now 片語搭配

世界目前所掌握的核彈頭

are hundreds of times more deadly 文法

其致命程度是

than the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of the Second World War.

二戰末期投在廣島和長崎的原子彈的數百倍。

We have no clear picture of the catastrophic effect

如果所有這些武器同時引爆，

of all of these weapons being detonated at the same time.

我們無法清晰地想像出那災難性的後果。

And that's what is likely to happen in the event of a nuclear conflict. 片語搭配

而在發生核衝突的情況下，這很可能發生。

One thing that's for sure is that those who are able to survive a massive nuclear attack

唯一可以確定的是，那些能在發生大規模核襲擊中倖存下來的人，

would be those who have mentally and logistically prepared for such an event. 片語搭配

將會是那些在心理和後勤上都為此類事件做好準備的人。

So grab a pencil and a notebook

所以，拿起鉛筆和筆記本，

and jot down how to best survive should this tragic event ever occur. 講解

記下如果這場悲劇發生，如何才能最好地生存下來。

When the blast happens, you want to be indoors

當爆炸發生時，你需要待在室內，

or preferably in the depths of a nuclear fallout bunker for at least 48 hours.

或者最好是在核防空洞深處待上至少 48 小時。

But in reality, it will only be the president, the very rich,

但現實中，能夠安全躲在地下掩體裡的，

and the political elite who will be safely tucked away underground. 片語動詞

只有總統、超級富豪和政治菁英。

You can fully supply your premises

你可以為你的住所儲備充足的物資，

to make sure you won't be having to pop out to the shops 片語動詞

以確保在關鍵的 48 小時落塵期內，

for a loaf of bread during that critical 48-hour fallout period.

你不必為了買一條麵包而跑去商店。

Be smart by supplying your home with lots of canned food. 片語搭配

聰明點，在家裡儲備大量罐頭食品。

A good supply of fresh bottled water is also essential.

充足的新鮮瓶裝水也必不可少。

You'll need 1 gallon of fresh water per person per day.

你需要每人每天 1 加侖的新鮮水。

You will do well to have an old wireless radio 片語搭配

最好準備一台舊式無線電收音機，

powered by batteries to keep up to date with events. 片語搭配

由電池供電，以便隨時了解最新事件。

A whistle for communicating across distance is super handy

用於遠距離通訊的哨子非常方便，

and a cell phone with a solar charger is brilliant.

帶太陽能充電器的手機也很絕妙。

For those of you planning ahead,

對於那些未雨綢繆的人，

you'll want to keep in stock a basic first aid kit, 片語搭配

你需要儲備一個基礎急救箱、

a medical instruction book, and a supply of required prescription medications.

一本醫療指南，以及必需的處方藥。

You'll also need a flashlight with batteries

你還需要一個帶電池的手電筒，

and a map and compass for navigating your escape.

以及用於逃生導航的地圖和指南針。

If you happen to be within a few miles of the initial detonation, 片語搭配

如果你碰巧在最初爆炸的幾英里範圍內，

the chances are you're already dusted. 講解

你很可能已經灰飛煙滅了。

The heat would rise to about 540,000 °F

溫度會升至大約 540,000 °F，

and at the epicenter of the blast,

在爆炸的震央，

almost everything would be totally flattened.

幾乎所有東西都會被夷為平地。

The area 1 to 4 miles outside of the epicenter would be dangerous.

震央外 1 到 4 英里的區域也會很危險。

You'd probably have burnt skin from the blast.

你可能會因為爆炸而皮膚灼傷。

Housing would be damaged,

房屋會被毀壞，

windows would shatter,

窗戶會粉碎，

and paint would peel from the buildings.

建築物的油漆會剝落。

That means shelter is the main consideration.

這意味著避難所是首要考慮的因素。

Find somewhere safe.

找一個安全的地方。

If you were looking in the direction of the blast, 文法

如果你當時正看向爆炸的方向，

you would probably suffer some form of temporary blindness

你可能會遭受某種形式的暫時性失明，

and the fallout would remain hazardous up to 20 miles from detonation.

並且在距離爆炸中心 20 英里內，放射性落塵仍然具有危險性。

Once a nuclear device is detonated,

一旦核裝置被引爆，

radioactive material are blasted up into the atmosphere

放射性物質會被炸入大氣層，

before raining back down to Earth.

然後再像下雨一樣落回地球。

This hazardous material literally falls out of the sky 用詞

這些危險物質真的是從天上掉下來的，

and that's why we use the term fallout.

這就是為什麼我們用「落塵（fallout）」這個詞。

The material can travel for hundreds of miles

這種物質可以隨風飄散數百英里，

adapting to wind patterns and human exposure to this fallout is extremely hazardous.

人體暴露在這些落塵中極度危險。

If contact is made with the fallout,

如果接觸到落塵，

you will suffer acute radiation sickness,

你會遭受急性輻射病、

cellular degradation, and radiation syndrome.

細胞退化和輻射綜合症。

This could kill you up to 30 days after initial exposure.

這可能會在最初接觸後長達 30 天內致命。

Fallout does, however, decay at night.

然而，落塵的放射性在夜間會衰減。

So areas that are contaminated by day

所以白天被污染的區域，

may be safer to patrol at night.

可能在夜間巡查會更安全。

If you survived the blast and have taken cover during the day, 片語搭配

如果你在爆炸中倖存並在白天隱蔽起來，

your goal is to do whatever scavenging that may be required

你的目標是在夜間進行任何必要的物資搜尋，

at night while hatching an escape plan. 慣用語

同時制定逃生計畫。

But first up, 表達脈絡

但首先，

you will need to evaluate the extent of your immediate danger.

你需要評估你面臨的直接危險程度。

A literal rule of thumb comes into play here. 慣用語

字面意義上的「拇指法則」在這裡派上用場了。

Find the position where you can observe that mushroom cloud of doom.

找一個能觀察到那朵末日蘑菇雲的位置。

Hold out your arm and extend your thumb.

伸出你的手臂並豎起拇指。

Close one eye

閉上一隻眼睛，

and compare the size of your thumb to the size of the mushroom cloud.

將你拇指的大小與蘑菇雲的大小進行比較。

If that mushroom cloud is bigger than your thumb,

如果蘑菇雲比你的拇指大，

then you are in the radiation zone

那麼你就在輻射區內，

and you have 15 minutes to escape.

你有 15 分鐘的時間逃生。

If, however,

但是，如果

the cloud is smaller than your thumb,

蘑菇雲比你的拇指小，

then you should be in a safe zone,

那麼你應該在安全區內，

but you will probably want to be heading away from the cloud

但如果安全的話，

if it is safe to do so. 文法

你可能還是想遠離蘑菇雲。

The more distance you can put between yourself and the fallout, 文法

你與落塵之間的距離越遠，

the better for your health.

對你的健康就越好。

But remember to stay under cover for those first 48 hours.

但請記住，在最初的 48 小時內要保持隱蔽。

Areas such as office basements are safer than a first floor building.

像辦公室地下室這樣的區域比一樓建築更安全。

The heavier and denser the exterior of your shelter,

你避難所的外部結構越重越密實，

the better.

越好。

So you're looking for thick walls built from concrete or bricks.

所以你要找由混凝土或磚塊建成的厚牆。

The greatest threat from fallout is during the first 48 hours

落塵最大的威脅是在最初的 48 小時內，

and then the next 2 weeks.

然後是接下來的兩週。

After this initial period,

在這個初始階段之後，

the fallout will lose its toxicity quite rapidly.

落塵的毒性會迅速降低。

So if you happen to have food and more importantly a water supply in your shelter,

所以，如果你碰巧在避難所有食物，更重要的是有供水，

you may be able to sit it out 片語動詞

你也許能熬過去，

and perhaps catch up on a TV series or two. 片語動詞

也許還能追一兩部影集。

But remember,

但請記住，

if you see a cloud of debris moving towards you,

如果你看到一團碎片雲朝你移動，

you may need to up sticks pretty fast. 慣用語

你可能需要非常快地拔腿就跑。

You should only consider jumping in a vehicle

你只有在有辦法啟動車輛，

if you have the means to start it 片語搭配

並在那至關重要的 15 分鐘內開車逃離時，

and drive away within that crucial 15-minute time frame.

才應該考慮跳進車裡。

Once you've established a base,

一旦你建立了一個基地，

you will need to get clean.

你需要保持清潔。

Failure to clean away all that radioactive material 文法

未能清除掉所有那些放射性物質

could result in deadly levels of radiation on the skin.

可能會導致皮膚上出現致命水平的輻射。

If you are with a group,

如果你和一群人在一起，

instruct everyone who was exposed to remove their clothing,

指示每個接觸過輻射的人脫掉衣服，

put the radioactive garments in a plastic bag,

把受輻射的衣物放進塑膠袋裡，

tie the end,

繫緊袋口，

and place it as far away as possible. 文法

並把它放在盡可能遠的地方。

Use running water to wash the body with lots of soap and water,

用大量肥皂和流水清洗身體，

blow your nose,

擤鼻涕，

and make sure you clean behind those ears.

並確保你清洗了耳朵後面。

You will need to find new clothing for you and your party. 用詞

你需要為你和你的同伴找到新衣服。

You will also need to attend to those radiation 片語動詞

你還需要處理那些輻射，

and thermal burns known as beta burns.

以及被稱為「貝他灼傷」的熱灼傷。

If the skin has blistered,

如果皮膚起泡，

immerse yourself in cold water

將自己浸泡在冷水中，

and then cover the area with a sterile compress or Vaseline.

然後用無菌敷料或 Vaseline 覆蓋該區域。

After you have managed all this,

在你處理完所有這些之後，

you should be critically aware of subsequent attacks.

你應該對隨後的攻擊保持高度警惕。

Yep,

是的，

most probably that nuclear blast

極有可能那次核爆

won't be the only rocket in this firework party. 慣用語

不會是這場煙火派對中唯一的火箭。

Keep your shelter intact,

保持你的避難所完好無損，

but be prepared to move and take supplies with you.

但要準備好隨時移動並帶上物資。

You will generally be safer out of the cities,

通常在城市之外你會更安全，

but make sure you aren't heading to any out of town military bases

但要確保你不是在前往城外的任何軍事基地，

that could well be the next target site. 文法

那些很可能是下一個目標地點。

Maybe heading to a network of deep underground caves

也許前往一個深層地下洞穴網絡

would be the best strategy

會是最好的策略，

seeing that the world is dead set 講解

既然這個世界鐵了心

on blasting their way back to the Stone Age. 慣用語

要把自己炸回石器時代。

And let's pretend for a second

讓我們假設一下，

you're in a shelter and you still have internet.

你在一個避難所裡，而且你還有網路。

That means others have internet as well

這意味著其他人也有網路，

and you still have to worry about keeping your password safe and secure.

你仍然需要擔心保持你密碼的安全。

Both in this scenario and in real life,

無論是在這種情況下還是在現實生活中，

you should totally use Dashlane.

你絕對應該使用 Dashlane。

Dashlane is a password manager

Dashlane 是一款密碼管理員，

that makes it easy for you to control your digital identity. 文法

讓你能輕鬆控制你的數位身分。

Try Dashlane completely free for 30 days

完全免費試用 Dashlane 30 天，

and discover how much easier your password life can be.

發現你的密碼生活可以變得多麼輕鬆。

Anytime you have to come up with a new password, 片語動詞

每當你需要想出一個新密碼時，

you can use Dashlane to generate a super secure one.

你可以使用 Dashlane 產生一個超級安全的密碼。

You'll never have to log into another website again.

你再也不用手動登入另一個網站了。

Dashlane does it automatically for you.

Dashlane 會為你自動完成。

And if you use Dashlane Premium,

如果你使用 Dashlane Premium，

you can sync your passwords

你可以在你的所有裝置上

and secure login details across all your devices.

同步你的密碼和安全登入詳細資訊。

Become more secure

變得更加安全，

and support The Infographics Show at the same time

同時支持《The Infographics Show》，

by using the code Infographics

只需使用代碼 Infographics，

and get 10% off Dashlane Premium from the get-go 慣用語

一上來即可享受 Dashlane Premium 10% 的折扣，

by going to dashlane.com/infographicshow

只需前往 dashlane.com/infographicshow

or clicking the link in the description.

或點擊資訊欄中的連結。

So, do you think you could survive nuclear fallout?

那麼，你認為你能從核輻射落塵中倖存下來嗎？

Let us know your thoughts in the comments.

在留言區告訴我們你的想法。

Also, be sure to watch our other video called

此外，一定要觀看我們的另一部影片，名為

How Long Do You Remain Conscious If Your Head Is Chopped Off.

《如果你的頭被砍掉，你能保持多久的意識》。

Thanks for watching

感謝觀看，

and as always,

像往常一樣，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

別忘了按讚、分享和訂閱。

See you next time.

下次見。