學校體制已崩壞。AI 將成為解藥。：英語精讀講義

Hello Internet.

你好，網路世界。

Recently YouTube invited me to California for a conference

最近，YouTube邀請我去加州參加一場會議，

with a bunch of really interesting people.

遇到了一群非常有趣的人。

There were many talks

那裡有很多演講，

and giant balloons

還有巨大的氣球，

and much discussion of what the future of education might look like,

以及許多關於未來教育會是什麼樣子的討論，

which is no small issue 慣用語

這可不是個小問題，

because how society raises the next generation of scientists,

因為社會如何培養下一代的科學家、

doctors, and programmers

醫生和程式設計師，

shapes the future of human civilization.

將塑造人類文明的未來。

It was an amazing few days and

這是很棒的幾天，而且

if you'll tolerate my ramblings, 語氣意圖

如果你能忍受我的碎碎念，

I'd like to share some of my thoughts on this

我想分享一些我對這個問題的看法，

as someone who's worked as an educator 表達脈絡

畢竟我曾經從事教育工作，

both in and out of schools.

無論是在學校內外。

This is how schools have pretty much always looked,

學校幾乎一直以來都是這個樣子，

a guy in the front

一個人站在前面，

who knows all the things

他什麼都懂，

and students who don't,

而學生們都不懂，

so the guy tells them.

所以這個人就把知識告訴他們。

But a teacher explains things at the right pace

但是，在一節課上，老師講課的節奏

for maybe one student in the room during a lesson.

也許只適合教室裡的某一個學生。

Everyone else is either bored 文法

其他人要麼覺得無聊，

because they already understand the material

因為他們已經掌握了這些教材，

or lost because they're missing knowledge

要麼感到迷茫，因為他們缺乏

they should already have.

那些本該已經掌握的知識。

But at the end of the lesson,

但是在課程結束時，

regardless of student understanding, 片語搭配

也不管學生有沒有聽懂，

the curriculum marches relentlessly on. 慣用語

課程進度都在無情地繼續推進。

And whether the teacher uses a blackboard,

無論老師使用的是黑板、

whiteboard, or SMARTboard,

白板還是SMARTboard，

and whether the students use tablets,

無論學生使用的是平板電腦、

paper, or tablets again,

紙張，或者還是平板電腦，

this system isn't really any different.

這個系統其實沒有任何區別。

It's just technology doing the same thing 慣用語

這只是科技在做同樣的事情，

in a shinier way.

只是換了一種更酷炫的方式。

But the Internet is different

但是網路是不同的，

and behind the scenes 慣用語

在幕後，

something interesting is happening

正在發生一些有趣的事情，

that hints at the shape of things to come. 慣用語

暗示了未來事物的樣貌。

In a perfect school,

在一個完美的學校裡，

each student would have a personal tutor, 文法

每個學生都會有一個私人導師，

like Aristotle to Alexander the Great. 文化背景

就像亞里斯多德教導亞歷山大大帝那樣。

But if your education policy is Aristotle for everyone,

但是，如果你的教育政策是每個人都配一個亞里斯多德，

then there are three big problems with this.

那就會面臨三個大問題。

First,

首先，

there aren't enough humans on Earth

地球上沒有足夠的人類

to individually tutor every child,

來對每個孩子進行一對一的輔導，

and even if there were, 文法

即使有，

it would be horrifically expensive.

那也將花費極其高昂的代價。

And even if neither manpower nor money was a problem, 文法

退一步講，即使人力和資金都不是問題，

not everyone is as good a tutor as Aristotle. 文法

也不是每個人都能像亞里斯多德那樣成為好導師。

But technology is solving these problems,

但是科技正在解決這些問題，

starting with number one. 表達脈絡

從第一個問題開始。

For who needs humans when the Internet 表達脈絡

畢竟，當網路能教你所有的東西時，

can teach you all the things?

誰還需要人類呢？

Want to learn calculus?

想學微積分嗎？

Get started. 片語搭配

現在就開始吧。

Need an AP Biology course?

需要一門AP生物學課程？

Go watch this one

去看這門課，

along with hundreds of thousands of other students.

還有成千上萬的其他學生陪你一起。

The Internet massively multiplies the audience of potential teachers

網路大幅增加了潛在教師的受眾群體，

and solves the manpower problem.

並解決了人力問題。

But isn't cheerleading the Internet 用詞

但是，為網路歡呼，

the same thing I was complaining about before,

不正是我之前抱怨的那樣嗎，

new tech doing old things

即用新科技做舊事情，

just with more shiny?

只是看起來更酷炫？

After all, if you were a pre-Internet child 表達脈絡

畢竟，如果你是一個在網路出現之前出生的

with bookish inclinations, 用詞

喜歡讀書的孩子，

there's always been a place to teach you all the things.

世界上總有地方可以教你所有的東西。

And people thought that radio and TV

人們曾經認為廣播和電視

were going to revolutionize education

將徹底改變教育，

by giving teachers huge audiences,

給老師們帶來龐大的受眾，

but here we still are. 表達脈絡

但我們現在還是老樣子。

These are good points,

這些質疑很有道理，

but the Internet also solves the cost problem

但網路還以一種廣播和電視永遠無法做到的方式，

in a way that radio and TV never could.

解決了成本問題。

Real shows are expensive to make,

製作真正的電視節目很昂貴，

and even the best of educational TV

即使是最優秀的教育電視節目

often gets pushed aside for dumber, 片語動詞

往往也會被更愚蠢、

more popular stuff that,

更受歡迎的內容擠到一邊，

not coincidentally, 表達脈絡

這並非巧合，

is also more profitable.

因為這些內容也更賺錢。

This is known as the History Channel effect. 文化背景

這就是所謂的「歷史頻道效應」。

But the cost to access the Internet

但是上網的成本

is only going down,

卻在不斷下降，

as is the cost to make stuff for the Internet, 文法

製作網路內容的成本也是如此，

which is why a guy with some paper and a marker in his bedroom

這就是為什麼一個男人在臥室裡拿著紙和麥克筆，

can pull in a million views a month 片語動詞

就能以幾乎零成本的方式

at essentially zero cost 片語搭配

獲得每個月一百萬的觀看量，

and doesn't have to worry about competition

而且不必擔心

from stuff like this.

類似這種內容的競爭。

So the Internet solves problems one and two,

所以，網路解決了第一和第二個問題，

but educational videos still aren't personalized to students,

但是教育影片仍然不是為學生量身打造的，

and that leaves YouTube as a library of video,

這讓YouTube僅僅是一個影片庫，

not a tutor like Aristotle.

而不是像亞里斯多德那樣的導師。

But you can build on top of YouTube, 片語動詞

但是你可以在YouTube的基礎上進行構建，

and what I see coming is this: 表達脈絡

我看到未來將會是這樣的：

digital Aristotle for everyone. 慣用語

每個人的「數位亞里斯多德」。

A computer program that tutors students individually

一個能夠透過從像YouTube這樣的影片庫中提取內容，

by pulling from a library of videos like YouTube, 片語搭配

對學生進行個人化輔導的電腦程式，

a program that tests students on what they know,

一個能夠測試學生知識掌握情況的程式，

and more importantly, 表達脈絡

更重要的是，

adapts to the way they learn over time 片語搭配

它能隨著時間的推移適應學生的學習方式，

by comparing the effectiveness of different videos 文法

透過比較不同影片

and different tests to discover,

和不同測驗的有效性，來科學地

scientifically,

發現

what works best.

什麼最有效。

This isn't a fantasy. 表達脈絡

這不是幻想。

There are people building parts of this right now,

現在就有人在建構其中的部分功能，

even if digital Aristotle isn't their explicit goal. 文法

即使「數位亞里斯多德」並不是他們明確的目標。

And one of these places is the Khan Academy,

其中一個地方就是可汗學院，

which is more than just Sal's soothing voice. 文法

它可不只是薩爾那舒緩的聲音。

If this does not blow your mind, 慣用語

如果這都沒有讓你大吃一驚，

you have no emotion.

那說明你毫無感情。

Behind the website is incredibly complicated software

網站背後是非常複雜的軟體，

testing everything about student learning,

它測試著關於學生學習的一切，

the effectiveness of different videos,

包括不同影片的有效性，

different tests,

不同的測驗題，

and different ways of asking questions.

以及不同的提問方式。

And while it may seem primitive now, 文法

雖然現在看來可能還很原始，

technology only gets better faster.

但科技只會發展得越來越快。

When digital Aristotle arrives,

當「數位亞里斯多德」到來時，

it will be cheaper,

它將會更便宜，

less labor-intensive,

更省力，

and better than human teachers ever could be.

並且比人類教師所能做到的更好。

I often hear the argument that digital Aristotle

我經常聽到這樣的論點，認為「數位亞里斯多德」

or something like it will free teachers

或類似的東西將解放教師，

to float around the classroom helping kids

讓他們在教室裡走動，幫助孩子們

work on interesting projects.

參與有趣的專案。

And while that might happen in the near term, 表達脈絡

雖然在短期內可能會這樣，

I don't think that's the long-term reality.

但我認為這不是長期的現實。

For what happens when digital Aristotle 表達脈絡

因為如果「數位亞里斯多德」

truly knows students better than the teacher?

真的比老師更了解學生，會發生什麼呢？

When for every topic of human endeavor,

當在人類努力的每一個領域，

it's able to take the best and brightest kids 慣用語

它都能帶領最優秀、最聰明的孩子們

further down the path of knowledge 慣用語

在知識的道路上走得

than their teachers ever could?

比他們的老師能做到的更遠時呢？

I doubt that schools will go away.

我想學校應該不會消失。

After all,

畢竟，

they aren't just about learning, 文法

它們不僅僅是用來學習的，

but also freeing parents to work in the economy

還能解放父母去工作賺錢，

while their feral children are turned into civilized adults. 慣用語

順便讓他們的「野孩子」被改造成文明的大人。

But schools will be radically different,

但是學校將會發生徹底的改變，

and there will be far fewer teachers 文法

在裡面工作的老師會少得多，

working in them doing far less.

他們做的事情也會少得多。

And while that's not great news for teachers, 表達脈絡

雖然這對老師來說不是什麼好消息，

it's awesome news for students and society.

但對學生和社會來說卻是極好的消息。

Right now,

現在，

if you're a student doing poorly,

如果你是一個成績不好的學生，

school moves on without you. 片語動詞

學校會丟下你繼續前進。

And if you're doing well,

如果你成績優異，

school holds you back. 片語動詞

學校會拖你的後腿。

In the future,

在未來，

I see every human using a digital Aristotle for their whole life.

我看到每個人一生都在使用「數位亞里斯多德」。

A tutor personalized to them,

一個為他們量身打造的私人導師，

teaching them exactly what they need to learn

在他們準備得最好的時候，

when they're best ready for it.

準確地教導他們需要學習的東西。

And when that comes,

當那一天到來時，

we'll have both a better educational system 文法

我們將擁有一個更好的教育系統

and a better society.

和一個更好的社會。

I want to thank YouTube EDU

我要感謝YouTube EDU

and the people who ran

以及它的營運者，

it for bringing me out to California 片語動詞

是他們把我帶到了加州，

to meet up with these awesome people. 片語動詞

讓我能見到這些了不起的人。

I had more interesting conversations

在這短短的幾天裡，

over the space of a few days 片語搭配

我進行了更多有趣的對話，

than I normally get to have

比我平時

over the space of a few months.

幾個月裡能談到的還要多。

If you want to see what the best of education

如果你想看看現在最好的教育

looks like right now,

是什麼樣子，

go check out their channels. 片語動詞

去看看他們的頻道吧。

And if you want to hear more on this topic,

如果你想聽更多關於這個話題的內容，

I've put together a playlist of talks 片語動詞

我整理了一個演講播放清單，

that I hope you like.

希望你會喜歡。