NASA最神祕的禁區：英語精讀講義

This is a NASA engineer trying to fix a hydrogen leak

這是一個NASA工程師試圖修復氫氣洩漏

just before the launch of Apollo 11.

就在阿波羅11號發射之前。

The scary thing is,

讓人害怕的是，

he is 60 m up and standing right next to a partially fueled Saturn 5.

他在60公尺的高空，就站在加了部分燃料的土星5號旁邊。

At launch,

發射時，

the Saturn 5 contained over 2 and a half thousand tons of propellant. 文法

土星5號含有超過2500噸的推進劑。

If the rocket suddenly exploded, 文法

如果火箭突然爆炸，

it would have the force of an atomic bomb

它的威力將相當於一顆原子彈，

and everyone at the pad would be killed.

發射台上的所有人都會喪生。

But if there was an emergency that gave them time to react,

但是如果發生了能讓他們有時間反應的緊急情況，

like an uncontrolled fuel leak,

比如無法控制的燃料洩漏，

there was a chance that they could survive.

他們就有一線生機。

Located 12 m below the launch pad

在發射台下方12公尺處，

is a place called the rubber room,

有一個叫做「橡膠室」的地方，

a 1960s bunker

這是一個建於20世紀60年代的碉堡，

that was designed to save astronauts and crew in the event of a disaster. 片語搭配

旨在發生災難時拯救太空人和工作人員。

We modeled the entire thing,

我們對整個設施進行了建模，

and in this video,

在本影片中，

we're going to look at what's inside the bunker 表達脈絡

我們將看看碉堡裡面有什麼，

and how a group of 20 people could survive in here for several days.

以及20個人是如何在這裡生存幾天的。

We'll also be giving away this awesome space shuttle framed print.

我們還將贈送這幅精美的太空梭帶框照片。

So, stick around to the end of the video 片語動詞

所以，請一定要看到影片最後，

to see how you could win.

看看你如何能贏取這個獎品。

If the Saturn 5 had exploded on the pad, 文法

如果土星5號在發射台上爆炸，

it would have created a fireball that was half a kilometer wide

它將製造出一個半公里寬的火球，

and over a thousand degrees in temperature.

溫度超過一千度。

And so,

因此，

in the event of an imminent disaster,

在迫在眉睫的災難發生時，

workers at the pad would immediately have to make their way to the bunker. 片語搭配

發射台上的工人必須立即前往碉堡。

But the bunker was buried deep beneath the concrete pad.

但是這個碉堡深埋在混凝土發射台下。

So,

那麼，

how did they actually get there? 表達脈絡

他們究竟是如何到達那裡的呢？

The crew had to make their way to level A inside the mobile launch platform,

工作人員必須前往移動發射平台的A層，

the massive two-story structure that supported the Saturn 5.

這個巨大的兩層結構支撐著土星5號。

Once it arrived at the pad,

平台到達發射台後，

a small hatch in the platform would connect to a structure

平台上的一個小艙門會連接到一個結構上，

that stuck out from the launch pad. 片語動詞

這個結構從發射台上伸出來。

This was a 60-m long slide

這是一條60公尺長的滑道，

that started inside the platform and went down through the concrete launch pad

從平台內部開始，穿過混凝土發射台向下延伸，

until it reached the bunker.

直到到達碉堡。

At the top of the slide,

在滑道頂部，

a sprinkler would spray the crew with water

灑水器會向工作人員噴水，

to help them slide down the chute more easily. 文法

幫助他們更順暢地滑下管道。

In just seconds,

短短幾秒鐘內，

they would start to pick up an immense amount of speed 片語動詞

他們的速度就會大幅提升，

as they plummeted into the depths of the launch pad.

迅速墜入發射台深處。

After falling down a steep drop,

經過一段陡峭的下墜後，

they would burst into a place known as the rubber room.

他們會衝進一個叫做橡膠室的地方。

This room was lined by thick walls of rubber

這個房間的牆壁鋪滿了厚厚的橡膠，

in order to absorb the energy from an explosion.

以吸收爆炸的能量。

The rubber at the end of the slide

滑道末端的橡膠

was also designed to slow the crew down. 片語動詞

也是為了減緩工作人員的速度而設計的。

But this didn't always work.

但這並不總是奏效。

During testing,

在測試期間，

the water would build up at the bottom of the slide 片語動詞

水會在滑道底部積聚，

and instead of slowing them down, 文法

非但沒有減慢他們的速度，

it caused them to slide all the way to the end 文法

反而導致他們以驚人的速度

at an incredible speed.

一路滑到了盡頭。

One worker actually broke several bones in his body

實際上有一名工人在撞到盡頭後

after crashing into the end.

摔斷了身上的幾根骨頭。

From here,

從這裡開始，

the crew would make their way through this enormous blast-proof door

工作人員將穿過這扇巨大的防爆門，

where the actual bunker was.

進入真正的碉堡。

This room hasn't been accessible for decades

這個房間已經幾十年不對外開放了，

and only a handful of people have been allowed to enter. 片語搭配

只有極少數人被允許進入。

One thing that is very accessible,

雖說如此，有一件事是非常容易接觸到的，

though,

那就是，

is the range of interesting documentaries on CuriosityStream,

CuriosityStream上一系列有趣的紀錄片，

the sponsor of today's video.

它是今天影片的贊助商。

CuriosityStream offers a wide range of documentaries and series

CuriosityStream提供廣泛的紀錄片和劇集，

all about science,

涵蓋科學、

nature,

自然、

history,

歷史、

technology,

科技，

and more.

以及更多領域。

So,

因此，

there's something for everyone to enjoy.

每個人都能在這裡找到喜歡的內容。

And with new content dropping every week,

每週都有新內容上線，

you'll never run out of things to enjoy. 片語動詞

你永遠不會覺得無聊。

CuriosityStream offers plans starting at under $5 a month.

CuriosityStream的訂閱計畫起價不到每月5美元。

So,

所以，

it's a lot like getting a front-row seat to the universe 慣用語

這就像是用一杯晨間咖啡的錢，

for the price of your morning coffee.

買到了探索宇宙的前排座位。

You can watch on your TV,

你可以在電視、

computer,

電腦、

or mobile device

或行動裝置上觀看，

anywhere

隨時

and at any time.

隨地。

Personally,

就我個人而言，

I've been watching Trajectory,

我一直在看《Trajectory》，

which celebrates our biggest achievements in spaceflight,

這部片子慶祝了我們在航太領域取得的最大成就，

like the Apollo missions,

比如阿波羅計畫、

the ISS,

國際太空站，

and the Hubble telescope.

和哈伯望遠鏡。

Not only is the content on CuriosityStream 文法

CuriosityStream上的內容不僅是

a supernova of knowledge, 慣用語

知識的超新星，

but their discounts are equally stellar.

他們的折扣同樣也是極好的。

Sign up today at curiositystream.com/primalspace

今天就前往 curiositystream.com/primalspace 註冊

or scan the QR code.

或者掃描QR Code。

Then,

然後，

use the code primalspace to get 25% off.

使用代碼 primalspace 即可享受25%的折扣。

After making their way down the slide,

順著滑道滑下後，

the crew would find themselves in the rubber room. 片語搭配

工作人員會來到橡膠室。

From there,

從那裡，

they would enter through a passageway

他們將穿過一條通道

and into the blast room,

進入防爆室，

a dome-shaped room featuring 20 chairs

這是一個圓頂房間，配有20把椅子，

that the crew would strap themselves into. 片語動詞

工作人員會將自己綁在椅子上。

The dome itself was made out of super thick steel and concrete,

圓頂本身由超厚的鋼和混凝土製成，

capable of surviving a blast pressure of up to 500 PSI. 文法

能夠承受高達500 PSI的爆炸壓力。

To put this into perspective, 表達脈絡

客觀地說，

the blast pressure from an explosion starts to become lethal for humans

爆炸產生的衝擊波壓力開始對人類致命的閾值

at around 40 PSI.

約為40 PSI。

In order to protect everyone inside from the immense shock waves,

為了保護裡面的人免受巨大衝擊波的傷害，

the entire floor was floating on a series of 24 giant springs.

整個地板懸浮在一系列24個巨大的彈簧上。

These disconnected the room from the surrounding concrete,

這些彈簧將房間與周圍的混凝土隔離開來，

meaning the vibrations had less material to travel through.

意味著震動傳播的介質變少了。

The blast from an explosion

爆炸產生的衝擊力

could cause an acceleration of up to 75 Gs,

可能導致高達75 G的加速度，

roughly double what you'd expect to feel in a car crash. 文法

大約是你預計在車禍中感受到的兩倍。

These springs would absorb most of that acceleration

這些彈簧會吸收大部分加速度，

and reduce it to just 4 Gs,

並將其降低到僅4 G，

keeping the crew inside perfectly safe. 文法

確保裡面的工作人員絕對安全。

But if a large explosion occurred,

但是如果發生大爆炸，

it would create a shock wave so immense 文法

產生的衝擊波將極其巨大，

that it would travel all the way down the slide in an instant

瞬間就會順著滑道傳下來，

and kill the crew inside.

殺死裡面的工作人員。

That's where these enormous blast-proof doors came in. 片語搭配

這就是這些巨大防爆門的作用所在。

Made from several inches thick steel,

這些門由幾英寸厚的鋼材製成，

these doors would seal the crew inside

可以將工作人員密封在裡面，

and protect them from the shock waves.

並保護他們免受衝擊波的傷害。

These could be locked from either side by turning a wheel,

可以透過轉動方向盤從兩側鎖上這些門，

which caused eight giant pins to hook into the wall.

這會使8個巨大的插銷勾入牆壁。

Once the crew were locked inside,

一旦工作人員被鎖在裡面，

they would remain in their seats

他們就會坐在座位上，

and wait until the danger had passed.

等待危險過去。

But with up to 20 people in a sealed room,

但在一個密封的房間裡有多達20人，

the carbon dioxide levels would quickly start to rise

二氧化碳濃度很快就會上升，

and breathing would become very difficult.

呼吸將變得非常困難。

And so,

因此，

to treat the air, 用詞

為了處理空氣，

a carbon dioxide scrubber was placed in the center of the room.

在房間中央放置了一台二氧化碳洗滌器。

This machine worked by passing the ambient air through a special filter, 文法

這台機器透過將周圍空氣抽入特殊的過濾器來運作，

which would attract the CO2 molecules

過濾器會吸附二氧化碳分子

and separate them from the air.

並將它們與空氣分離。

The clean air was then pumped back out of the machine,

乾淨的空氣隨後被泵出機器，

keeping the CO2 levels low.

保持二氧化碳濃度在較低水平。

In order to create more oxygen,

為了製造更多氧氣，

there was a supply of oxygen candles, 文化背景

房間裡備有氧氣蠟燭，

which would burn iron powder and sodium chlorate at around 600 degrees

它們會在大約600度的高溫下燃燒鐵粉和氯酸鈉

to produce oxygen.

以產生氧氣。

For every 1 kg of mixture inside,

裡面每1公斤混合物，

each candle could produce around 6 hours of oxygen per person.

每支蠟燭就能為每人提供大約6小時的氧氣。

Next to all of this was the storage area,

緊挨著這些的是儲存區，

which contained all of the food and water supplies.

裡面存放著所有的食物和水。

The food was mainly C rations and K rations, 文化背景

食物主要是C口糧和K口糧，

a type of canned food

這是一種在二戰期間開發的

that was developed during the Second World War.

罐頭食品。

The K rations came in three separate boxes

K口糧裝在三個獨立的盒子裡，

for breakfast,

分別用於早餐、

lunch,

午餐、

and dinner.

和晚餐。

Each meal contained stuff like meat,

每頓飯包含肉類、

cheese,

起司、

cereal,

麥片、

fruit,

水果、

biscuits,

餅乾、

coffee,

咖啡、

and cigarettes,

和香菸等物品，

giving each crew member around 3,000 calories a day.

為每位工作人員每天提供約3000卡路里的熱量。

There was an industrial waste bin in the center of the room

房間中央有一個工業垃圾桶，

and a toilet placed behind one of the seats.

還有一個馬桶放在其中一個座位後面。

Although,

儘管

it would be an unpleasant place to go,

在那裡如廁會讓人感到不適，

the crew could take care of business 慣用語

但工作人員在解決生理需求時

with a little bit of privacy.

還是能保留一點隱私。

All in all, 表達脈絡

總而言之，

there was enough food and water 文法

這裡有足夠的食物和水

to last for about 4 to 5 days.

可以維持大約4到5天。

But in most circumstances,

但在大多數情況下，

the crew would have only stayed for a few hours

工作人員只需待上幾個小時，

until the toxic fumes around the launch pad had dissipated.

直到發射台周圍的有毒氣體消散。

But how would they actually escape?

但他們究竟如何逃生呢？

When it was time to leave,

到離開的時候，

the crew had two main escape routes.

工作人員有兩條主要的逃生路線。

After leaving the bunker through the other blast door,

從另一扇防爆門離開碉堡後，

they would enter into a narrow tunnel.

他們會進入一條狹窄的隧道。

This was 360 m long

這條隧道長360公尺，

and would take them all the way to an air intake building

將帶他們一路走到發射場邊緣的

on the edge of the launch site.

一個進氣大樓。

This building was essentially a giant fan

這棟樓本質上是一個巨大的風扇，

that would suck in clean air

會吸入乾淨的空氣

and direct it into the rooms below the launch pad.

並將其引向發射台下方的房間。

After walking for around 10 minutes

在這個極其擁擠黑暗的空間裡

through a very cramped and dark space,

步行約10分鐘後，

the crew could finally escape to freedom.

工作人員終於可以逃出生天了。

But if the tunnel was somehow blocked from the explosion,

但如果隧道因為爆炸而不知何故被堵塞，

the crew would have to go back

工作人員就不得不返回，

and choose the alternative escape route.

並選擇另一條備用逃生路線。

Right next to the tunnel was a door

緊挨著隧道的是一扇門，

that led directly into the environmental control rooms,

直接通向環境控制室，

a labyrinth of rooms and corridors 慣用語

這是一個由房間和走廊組成的迷宮，

beneath the pad

位於發射台下方，

that would eventually lead to the outside world.

最終通向外面的世界。

But with such a large explosion,

但如果發生如此巨大的爆炸，

the damage to the pad would be catastrophic,

發射台的損壞將是災難性的，

and NASA were concerned

NASA擔心

that the crew would become completely trapped inside the bunker.

工作人員會完全被困在碉堡內。

And so,

因此，

to add to the list of safety precautions,

為了增加安全預防措施，

they placed an emergency escape hatch

他們在防爆室頂部

at the top of the blast room.

放置了一個緊急逃生艙門。

This didn't actually lead anywhere,

這個艙門其實不通向任何地方，

but in the event of the escape routes being blocked,

但如果逃生路線被封死，

NASA would dig through the concrete and sand

NASA會挖開發射台內的

within the launch pad

混凝土和沙子

to reach the hatch

以觸及艙門

and free the crew.

救出工作人員。

Thankfully,

幸運的是，

none of this ever needed to be done. 文法

這些措施從未真正派上用場。

The bunker was never used,

這個碉堡從未被使用過，

and after the Apollo missions ended,

在阿波羅計畫結束後，

it was abandoned,

它被廢棄了，

leaving an incredible piece of NASA history

留下了NASA歷史上令人驚嘆的一筆，

frozen in time. 慣用語

被凍結在時間裡。

Over the years,

隨著歲月的流逝，

the bunker fell into disrepair 片語搭配

碉堡年久失修，

and various animals made their way into the bunker.

各種動物紛紛跑進了碉堡。

Now,

如今，

only a select group of people 用詞

只有極少數人

have access to this old relic,

能夠進入這個古老的遺跡，

which will most likely remain untouched

它很可能會在未來的幾十年裡

for many more decades.

繼續保持無人問津的狀態。

And now,

現在，

time for something really special.

是時候來點特別的了。

The winner of last month's giveaway

上個月抽獎的獲獎者

is Tony Viglas.

是Tony Viglas。

Congratulations.

恭喜你。

In the next video,

在下一期影片中，

we'll be giving away this awesome space shuttle framed print.

我們將送出這幅精美的太空梭帶框照片。

All you have to do is sign up at the link below 文法

你所要做的就是點擊下方的連結註冊，

and leave a comment saying

並留言說說

what you think NASA should do with the bunker now. 文法

你認為NASA現在應該怎麼處理這個碉堡。

Thank you very much for watching

非常感謝您的觀看，

and I'll see you in the next video.

我們下期影片再見。