無法被遺忘的法老 - 凱特·格林：英語精讀講義

3 and a half thousand years ago in Egypt,

3500年前在埃及，

a noble pharaoh was the victim of a violent attack. 表達脈絡

一位尊貴的法老遭遇了暴力襲擊。

But the attack was not physical.

但這場襲擊並非肉體上的。

This royal had been dead for 20 years.

這位王室成員已經死去20年了。

The attack was historical,

這場襲擊是歷史性的，

an act of damnatio memoriae, 文化背景

是一場「除憶詛咒」的行為，

the damnation of memory.

也就是對記憶的抹殺。

Somebody smashed the pharaoh's statues,

有人砸碎了這位法老的雕像，

took a chisel and attempted to erase 慣用語

拿起鑿子試圖抹去

the pharaoh's name and image from history.

這位法老在歷史上的名字和形象。

Who was this pharaoh?

這位法老是誰？

And what was behind the attack? 用詞

襲擊背後又隱藏著什麼？

Here's the key. 表達脈絡

關鍵在這裡。

The pharaoh Hatshepsut was a woman.

法老哈特謝普蘇特是一名女性。

In the normal course of things, 片語搭配

在正常情況下，

she should never have been pharaoh. 文法

她絕不可能成為法老。

Although it was legal for a woman to be a monarch, 文法

雖然女性成為君主是合法的，

it disturbed some essential Egyptian beliefs.

但這擾亂了埃及人的一些核心信仰。

Firstly,

首先，

the pharaoh was known as the living embodiment 文化背景

法老被認為是

of the male god Horus.

男性神祇荷魯斯的現世化身。

Secondly,

其次，

disturbance to the tradition of rule by men

破壞男性統治的傳統

was a serious challenge to Ma'at, 文化背景

是對「瑪阿特」的嚴重挑戰，

a word for truth

這是一個代表「真理」的詞，

expressing a belief in order and justice

表達了對秩序和正義的信仰，

vital to the Egyptians.

這對埃及人來說至關重要。

Hatshepsut had perhaps tried to adapt to this belief

哈特謝普蘇特也許試圖去適應這種信仰，

in the link between order and patriarchy

也就是秩序與父權制之間的聯繫，

through her titles.

透過她的頭銜來實現。

She took the name Ma'at-kare, 片語搭配

她採用了「瑪卡雷」這個名字，

and sometimes referred to herself as Hatshepsu 片語搭配

有時也自稱為哈特謝普蘇，

with a masculine word ending.

這是一個帶有男性詞尾的名字。

But apparently,

但顯然，

these efforts didn't convince everyone,

這些努力並沒有說服所有人，

and perhaps someone erased Hatshepsut's image

也許有人抹去了哈特謝普蘇特的形象，

so that the world would forget the disturbance to Ma'at 文法

好讓世人忘記對「瑪阿特」的破壞，

and Egypt could be balanced again.

讓埃及重新恢復平衡。

Hatshepsut,

哈特謝普蘇特，

moreover,

此外，

was not the legitimate heir to the throne, 用詞

並不是王位的合法繼承人，

but a regent, 文化背景

而是一位攝政王，

a kind of stand-in co-monarch.

一種代理的共同君主。

The Egyptian kingship traditionally passed 片語搭配

埃及的王權傳統上

from father to son.

是由父親傳給兒子的。

It passed from Thutmose I

它從圖特摩斯一世

to his son Thutmose II,

傳給了他的兒子圖特摩斯二世，

Hatshepsut's husband.

也就是哈特謝普蘇特的丈夫。

It should have passed from Thutmose II

它本應從圖特摩斯二世

directly to his son Thutmose III,

直接傳給他的兒子圖特摩斯三世，

But Thutmose III was a little boy

但圖特摩斯三世當時還是個小男孩，

when his father died.

就在他父親去世的時候。

Hatshepsut,

哈特謝普蘇特，

the dead pharaoh's chief wife and widow,

作為已故法老的首席妻子和遺孀，

stepped in to help as her stepson's regent, 片語動詞

介入並作為她繼子的攝政王提供幫助，

but ended up ruling beside him 片語搭配

但最終卻與他並肩統治，

as a fully fledged pharaoh. 用詞

成為了一名名副其實的法老。

Perhaps Thutmose III was angry about this.

也許圖特摩斯三世對此感到憤怒。

Perhaps he was the one who erased her images.

也許就是他抹去了她的形象。

It's also possible that someone wanted to dishonor Hatshepsut

也有可能有人想要羞辱哈特謝普蘇特，

because she was a bad pharaoh.

因為她是個糟糕的法老。

But the evidence suggests 表達脈絡

但證據表明

she was actually pretty good.

她其實相當出色。

She competently fulfilled the traditional roles of the office. 片語搭配

她勝任地履行了這個職位的傳統職責。

She was a great builder.

她是一位偉大的建設者。

Her mortuary temple, 用詞

她的陵廟，

Djeser-Djeseru,

傑塞爾-傑塞爾魯，

was an architectural phenomenon at the time

在當時堪稱建築奇蹟，

and is still admired today.

至今仍受人讚賞。

She enhanced the economy of Egypt,

她促進了埃及的經濟，

conducting a very successful trade mission 片語搭配

進行了一次非常成功的貿易考察，

to the distant land of Punt. 文化背景

前往遙遠的彭特之地。

She had strong religious connections.

她有著強大的宗教聯繫。

She even claimed to be the daughter 文化背景

她甚至聲稱自己是

of the state god Amun.

國家神祇阿蒙的女兒。

And she had a successful military career

她還有著成功的軍事生涯，

with a Nubian campaign

發動了努比亞戰役，

and claims she fought alongside her soldiers in battle.

並聲稱自己在戰場上與士兵們並肩作戰。

Of course,

當然，

we have to be careful when we assess 表達脈絡

我們在評估時必須小心

the success of Hatshepsut's career,

哈特謝普蘇特生涯的成功，

since most of the evidence was written by Hatshepsut herself. 表達脈絡

因為大部分證據都是哈特謝普蘇特自己寫下的。

She tells her own story in pictures and writing

她用圖畫和文字講述了自己的故事，

on the walls of her mortuary temple

刻在她的陵廟牆上，

and the Red Chapel she built for Amun.

以及她為阿蒙建造的紅色神廟裡。

So who committed the crimes 慣用語

那麼是誰犯下了這些罪行，

against Hatshepsut's memory?

抹殺了對哈特謝普蘇特的記憶呢？

The most popular suspect is her stepson,

最受懷疑的人是她的繼子、

nephew,

姪子，

and co-ruler Thutmose III.

以及共同統治者圖特摩斯三世。

Did he do it out of anger 片語搭配

他是因為憤怒而這麼做的嗎，

because she stole his throne? 慣用語

因為她奪走了他的王位？

This is unlikely,

這種可能性不大，

since the damage wasn't done 文法

因為這些破壞並沒有發生，

until 20 years after Hatshepsut died.

直到哈特謝普蘇特死後20年。

That's a long time to hang onto anger 片語動詞

那需要把憤怒積壓很長時間

and then act in a rage.

然後才在暴怒中採取行動。

Maybe Thutmose III did

也許圖特摩斯三世這麼做

it to make his own reign look stronger, 文法

是為了讓自己的統治顯得更強大，

but it is most likely that he or someone else erased the images 表達脈絡

但最有可能的是他或其他什麼人抹去了這些形象，

so that people would forget

這樣人們就會忘記

that a woman ever sat on Egypt's throne. 慣用語

曾經有一位女性坐在埃及的王座上。

This gender anomaly was simply too much of a threat to Ma'at 講解

這種性別的反常對「瑪阿特」來說實在是太大的威脅，

and had to be obliterated from history. 用詞

必須從歷史上抹除。

Happily,

幸運的是，

the ancient censors were not quite thorough enough. 語氣意圖

古代的審查者並沒有做得那麼徹底。

Enough evidence survived for us to piece together what happened, 片語動詞

仍有足夠的證據留存下來，讓我們拼湊出事情的真相，

so the story of this unique,

因此這位獨一無二、

powerful woman can now be told.

強勢女性的故事現在才能為人所知。