如果你的口袋裡有一個黑洞會怎樣？：英語精讀講義

What would happen to you if a black hole the size of a coin suddenly appeared near you? 文法

如果一枚硬幣大小的黑洞突然出現在你附近，你會怎樣？

Short answer, 表達脈絡

簡短的回答，

you'd die.

你會死。

Long answer,

詳細的回答，

it depends.

這得看情況。

Is it a black hole with the mass of a coin 用詞

它是一個具有硬幣質量的黑洞，

or is it as wide as a coin?

還是像硬幣一樣大的黑洞？

Suppose a US nickel with the mass of about 5 grams 文法

假設一枚質量約5克的美國5美分硬幣

magically collapsed into a black hole. 片語搭配

神奇地坍縮成一個黑洞。

This black hole would have a radius of 10 to the power of -30 meters 用詞

這個黑洞的半徑只有10的負30次方公尺。

By comparison, 表達脈絡

相比之下，

a hydrogen atom is about 10 to the power of -11 meters

一個氫原子大約是10的負11次方公尺。

So the black hole compared to an atom

所以這個黑洞比起原子，

is as small as an atom compared to the sun. 文法

就像原子比起太陽一樣微小。

Unimaginably small.

小到無法想像。

And a small black hole would also have an unimaginably short lifetime

而一個小黑洞的壽命也會短到令人難以置信，

to decay by Hawking radiation. 文化背景

因為它會透過霍金輻射衰變。

It would radiate away what little mass it has 講解

它會把它那點可憐的質量輻射殆盡，

in 10 to the power of -23 seconds.

僅僅在10的負23次方秒內。

Its 5 grams of mass will be converted to 450 terajoules of energy, 片語搭配

它那5克的質量將轉化為450太焦耳的能量，

which will lead to an explosion 片語搭配

這將引發一場爆炸，

roughly three times bigger than the atomic bombs 講解

威力大約是投在廣島和長崎的

dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined.

兩顆原子彈總和的三倍。

In this case,

在這種情況下，

you die.

你會死。

You also lose the coin.

並且你也會失去這枚硬幣。

If the black hole had the diameter of a common coin,

如果這個黑洞有著普通硬幣的直徑，

then it would be considerably more massive.

那麼它的質量將大得驚人。

In fact,

事實上，

a black hole with the diameter of a nickel

一個有著5美分硬幣直徑的黑洞

would be slightly more massive than the Earth. 文法

質量會比地球還要稍微大一點。

It would have a surface gravity

它的表面重力將是

a billion billion times greater 文法

百億億倍於

than our planet currently does.

我們星球目前的重力。

Its tidal forces on you would be so strong 文法

它施加在你身上的潮汐力將是如此強大，

that they'd rip your individual cells apart. 片語動詞

以至於會把你體內的細胞一個個撕裂。

The black hole would consume you

在你甚至還未意識到發生什麼之前，

before you even realized what's happening. 文法

這個黑洞就會將你吞噬。

Although the laws of gravity are still the same, 文法

雖然重力定律依舊不變，

the phenomenon of gravity that you'd experience

但你所體驗到的重力現象，

would be very different around such dense objects.

在這種緻密天體周圍將會有著天壤之別。

The range of the gravitational attraction

萬有引力的作用範圍

extends over the entire observable universe

延伸到了整個可觀測宇宙，

with gravity getting weaker 文法

而引力會隨著

the farther away you are from something.

你離物體的距離越遠而變得越弱。

On Earth right now,

此時此刻在地球上，

your head and your toes

你的頭和腳趾

are approximately the same distance 片語搭配

距離我們星球重心的距離

from the center of our planet.

幾乎是相等的。

But if you stood on a nickel-sized black hole,

但如果你站在一個硬幣大小的黑洞上，

your feet would be hundreds of times closer to the center 文法

你的腳距離中心的距離會近數百倍，

and the gravitational force would be

並且腳部的引力將是

tens of thousands of times as large 文法

頭部引力的

as the force on your head

數萬倍之多，

and rip you into a billion pieces.

從而把你撕成十億塊碎片。

But the black hole wouldn't stop with just you. 表達脈絡

但黑洞不會僅僅對你下手。

The black hole is now a dominant gravitational piece

這個黑洞現在是主要的引力來源，

of the Earth–Moon–Black-Hole-of-Death system.

在「地球-月球-死亡黑洞」系統之中。

You might think that the black hole 表達脈絡

你可能認為這個黑洞

would sink towards the center of the planet

會下沉到地球的中心，

and consume it from the inside out. 片語搭配

然後從內到外吞噬掉地球。

In fact,

事實上，

the Earth also moves up onto the black hole

地球也會向著黑洞移動，

and begins to bob around

並開始在它周圍晃動，

as if it were orbiting the black hole 文法

就好像地球在繞著黑洞公轉，

all while having swaths of mass eaten 文法

同時大片質量被吞噬，

with each pass, 用詞

在每次擦肩而過時，

which is much more creepy.

這聽起來可要驚悚得多。

As the Earth is eaten up from the inside, 片語動詞

隨著地球從內部被吞噬殆盡，

it collapses into a scattered disc of hot rock

它坍縮成一圈零散的熾熱岩石盤，

surrounding the black hole in a tight orbit.

在緊密的軌道上環繞著黑洞。

The black hole slowly doubles its mass

在這個黑洞進食完畢時，

by the time it's done feeding. 文法

它的質量會慢慢翻上一番。

The Moon's orbit is now highly elliptical.

此時月球的軌道變得高度橢圓。

The effects on the solar system are awesome.

這對太陽系產生的影響將是令人敬畏的。

In the biblical sense of awesome, 用詞

是《聖經》意義上的那種敬畏，

which means terrifying.

也就是令人毛骨悚然。

Tidal forces from the black hole

那個黑洞產生的潮汐力

would probably disrupt the near-Earth asteroids,

很可能會擾亂近地小行星，

maybe even parts of the asteroid belt,

甚至可能是部分小行星帶，

sending rocks careening through the solar system. 文法

使岩石在整個太陽系中橫衝直撞。

Bombardment and impacts may become commonplace 片語搭配

轟炸與撞擊可能會成為家常便飯，

for the next few million years.

在接下來的幾百萬年裡持續不斷。

The planets are slightly perturbed,

行星們會受到輕微的干擾，

but stay approximately in the same orbit.

但大體上仍維持在原來的軌道上。

The black hole we used to call Earth 文法

那個我們曾經稱之為地球的黑洞，

will now continue on orbiting the sun

如今將繼續繞著太陽公轉，

in the Earth's place.

取代地球的位置。

In this case,

在這種情況下，

you also die.

你還是會死。

This bonus video was made possible 片語搭配

這期額外影片得以製作，

by your contributions on Patreon.

仰賴於大家在 Patreon 上的贊助。

Thank you so much for your support.

非常感謝你們的支持。

The topic is based on a question 片語搭配

本期話題基於一個問題，

on the AskScience subreddit 文化背景

來自 AskScience 子板塊，

and the glorious answer by Matt Caplan,

以及 Matt Caplan 給出的精彩回答，

who also worked with us on this video.

他也參與了這期影片的製作。

Check out his blog Quarks and Coffee 片語動詞

可以去看看他的部落格 Quarks and Coffee，

for more awesome stuff like this.

了解更多類似這樣超酷的內容。

If you want to discuss the video,

如果你想討論這個影片，

we have our own subreddit now.

我們現在有了自己的子板塊。

To learn more about black holes

想了解更多關於黑洞的知識，

or equally interesting neutron stars,

或是同樣有趣的中子星，

click here.

請點擊這裡。