熱浪：我們能適應嗎？⏲️ 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自 bbclearningenglish.com 的六分鐘英語。

Hello, this is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，這裡是 BBC Learning English 的六分鐘英語。

I'm Beth.

我是 Beth。

And I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

I have a confession to make, Neil. 片語搭配

Neil，我得承認一件事。

I love the hot weather.

我喜歡炎熱的天氣。

It's a chance to get outside, 片語搭配

這是個去戶外的機會，

maybe get a suntan, but sometimes it gets too hot,

也許還能曬黑點，但有時候實在太熱了，

even for me.

甚至對我來說也是如此。

Yes, depending where in the world you live, 表達脈絡

是的，取決於你住在世界上的什麼地方，

you've probably noticed that it's getting hotter year after year. 片語搭配

你可能已經注意到天氣一年比一年熱。

2023 is the hottest year on record 用詞

2023年是有紀錄以來最熱的一年，

with heatwaves in many countries around the world,

世界上許多國家都出現了熱浪，

even Britain.

甚至包括英國。

When it gets too hot, 文法

當天氣太熱時，

the human body knows how to cool down. 片語動詞

人體知道如何降溫。

It sweats,

它會出汗，

passing salty water called sweat through the skin to lose heat. 文法

透過皮膚排出名為汗液的鹽水來散熱。

But unlike the body, 表達脈絡

但與身體不同的是，

houses don't know how to keep cool. 片語搭配

房屋並不知道如何保持涼爽。

And in hot parts of the world where air conditioning is unavailable or unaffordable, 用詞

在世界上炎熱的地區，冷氣要嘛沒有，要嘛負擔不起，

this is a real problem.

這就成了一個真正的問題。

In this program,

在本集節目中，

we'll be hearing about an innovative new idea for keeping houses cool

我們將聽到一個保持房屋涼爽的創新想法，

in one of the hottest countries on Earth, India.

發生在地球上最熱的國家之一——印度。

And as usual,

一如往常，

we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

我們也會學到一些實用的新單字。

But before we hear more about this sweaty subject, 慣用語

但在我們進一步了解這個讓人出汗的話題之前，

I have a question for you, Neil.

Neil，我有個問題要問你。

Living in cities where summer temperatures regularly exceed 45 degrees Celsius, 文法

在夏季氣溫經常超過45攝氏度的城市裡，

Indians have been finding clever ways to keep their houses cool 講解

5000多年來，印度人一直

for over 5,000 years.

在尋找巧妙的方法來保持房屋涼爽。

One of them is called 'jaali'.

其中一種叫做「jaali」。

But what exactly is it?

但它究竟是什麼呢？

Is 'jaali': A,

「Jaali」是：A，

a tall house designed to reduce sunlight?

一種旨在減少陽光照射的高腳屋？

B,

B，

a honeycomb pattern used in windows?

窗戶上使用的蜂巢狀圖案？

Or C,

還是 C，

a system for spraying cool water?

一種噴灑冷水的系統？

Hmm, well, I guess 'jaali' is B,

嗯，我猜「jaali」是 B，

a honeycomb window pattern.

一種蜂巢狀的窗戶圖案。

Okay, Neil.

好的，Neil。

We'll find out the answer later in the program. 片語動詞

我們將在節目稍後揭曉答案。

In May 2022,

2022年5月，

the temperature in Uttar Pradesh,

北方邦（Uttar Pradesh）的氣溫，

the largest state in North India,

印度北部最大的邦，

reached 49.2 degrees Celsius. 片語搭配

達到了49.2攝氏度。

Roshni Diwakar is a consultant for the Mahila Housing Trust,

Roshni Diwakar 是 Mahila Housing Trust 的顧問，

an NGO helping poor Indian women to heatproof their houses. 講解

這是一個幫助貧困印度婦女為房屋做防熱處理的非政府組織。

These women often work from home while their husbands are out in the heat, 片語搭配

這些婦女經常在家工作，而她們的丈夫在酷暑中外出，

working on construction sites.

在建築工地上幹活。

Here, Roshni describes a typical house

在這裡，Roshni 向

to BBC World Service program People Fixing the World.

BBC世界服務頻道《People Fixing the World》節目描述了一棟典型的房屋。

They live in a small one-bedroom house with no windows, 片語搭配

她們住在一個沒有窗戶的小單間房子裡，

no natural ventilation.

沒有自然通風。

They don't necessarily have illegal electric connections, 文法

她們不一定有非法的私接電線，

and even if they do, they don't have electricity 24 hours a day. 講解

即使有，也不能保證24小時有電。

There are power cuts, 用詞

那裡經常停電，

especially in the summer months.

尤其是在夏季。

Many of them have tin roofs,

她們很多人的房子都是鐵皮屋頂，

which of course will really heat up. 片語動詞

當然這會非常吸熱。

Health gets affected. 文法

健康受到影響。

Because their health is affected,

因為她們的健康受到影響，

their livelihood gets affected because they're daily wage earners. 用詞

她們的生計也會受到影響，因為她們是領日薪的勞工。

If you don't work, 文法

如果你不工作，

you don't earn.

你就沒有收入。

Many of the houses have no window,

很多房子沒有窗戶，

so there's no ventilation,

所以沒有通風，

the movement of fresh air around a space.

也就是新鮮空氣在空間裡的流動。

Air conditioning needs electricity,

冷氣需要電，

which most families can't afford.

這是大多數家庭負擔不起的。

And even those who can experience frequent power cuts, 文法

即使是那些買得起的人也會遇到頻繁的停電，

periods when the supply of electricity is stopped.

也就是電力供應被切斷的時期。

In this heat,

在這樣的高溫下，

sickness is common.

生病是常態。

Often the men can't work,

通常男人們無法工作，

which is a problem because they are the daily wage earners.

這是個問題，因為他們是按日領薪水的工人。

Someone who earns money on a day-to-day basis,

靠每天打零工賺錢的人，

meaning that they will receive no money if they cannot work.

意味著如果他們不能工作，他們就拿不到錢。

Families spend most of the day outside in the street,

一家人一天中大部分時間都待在街上，

and at night,

而到了晚上，

it's still too hot to sleep, 文法

還是熱得睡不著，

even on the roof.

即使睡在屋頂上也一樣。

But fortunately,

但幸運的是，

Roshni has been working on a clever cool roof solution, 片語動詞

Roshni 一直在研究一種巧妙的涼爽屋頂解決方案，

white paint.

那就是白漆。

Painting reflective anti-solar white paint on the roof can reduce room temperatures

在屋頂塗上反光防曬的白漆可以降低室內溫度

by up to 4 degrees. 片語搭配

多達4度。

It may not sound like much, 表達脈絡

聽起來可能不算多，

but it makes a big difference and allows families to work, 片語搭配

但這帶來了巨大的改變，讓這些家庭能夠在室內工作、

cook, and even sleep inside.

做飯，甚至睡覺。

Here's Roshni again,

再次請出 Roshni，

talking with the BBC World Service program People Fixing the World.

在 BBC世界服務頻道《People Fixing the World》節目中接受訪問。

This has honestly been the most successful 文法

老實說，這一直是她們所採用的技術中

of the technologies that they've adopted.

最成功的一項。

We started off by doing it in the city of Ahmedabad, 片語動詞

我們起初在阿美達巴德市（Ahmedabad）實施，

but we've done it across other cities. 用詞

但我們已經將其擴展到了其他城市。

We've done it in Bangalore,

我們在邦加羅爾（Bangalore）實施過，

we've done it in Jodhpur.

也在久德浦爾（Jodhpur）實施過。

In fact, in Jodhpur,

事實上，在久德浦爾，

we've done it in an entire slum.

我們在整個貧民窟都推行了。

Mahila Housing Trust gets external funding

Mahila Housing Trust 獲得了外部資金，

and uses it to subsidize the cost of the paint, 用詞

並用其來補貼塗料成本，

meaning communities only end up paying 15 to 20% of the actual price. 片語動詞

這意味著社區最終只需支付實際價格的15%到20%。

Roshni's Housing Trust has been painting houses in cities all over India.

Roshni 所在的房屋信託機構一直在印度各個城市為房屋刷漆。

In Jodhpur,

在久德浦爾，

a city on the edge of the Thar Desert, 文化背景

一個位於塔爾沙漠邊緣的城市，

they painted an entire slum, 用詞

他們為一整個貧民窟刷了漆，

a poor and crowded area of the city with very bad housing conditions.

那是城市裡一個貧窮擁擠、居住條件極差的區域。

What's more, 表達脈絡

更重要的是，

the Trust subsidizes the paint,

該信託基金提供油漆補貼，

meaning they pay part of the cost.

意思是他們承擔了部分費用。

So even the poorest families can afford it. 表達脈絡

所以即使是最貧困的家庭也能負擔得起。

It's a great example of Indians skillfully finding ways of adapting to the heat. 片語搭配

這是印度人巧妙尋找適應高溫方法的絕佳例子。

A modern version of 'jaali'

現代版的「jaali」，

you could say. 語氣意圖

你可以這麼說。

So what was the answer to your question, Beth?

那麼你的問題答案是什麼呢，Beth？

Was my idea that 'jaali' is a honeycomb pattern used for windows correct?

我猜「jaali」是一種窗戶上的蜂巢狀圖案，對嗎？

It was the correct answer.

回答正確。

'Jaali' is a honeycomb design with many small holes

「Jaali」是一種帶有許多小孔的蜂巢狀設計，

set into wooden or stone windows. 片語動詞

鑲嵌在木製或石製窗戶裡。

The small holes keep out the sunlight 片語動詞

這些小孔能阻擋陽光，

and cool down the air coming in. 片語動詞

並讓吹進來的空氣變涼。

Okay, it's time to recap the vocabulary

好了，現在是時候複習

we've learned in this program,

我們在本集節目中學到的單字了，

starting with sweat.

首先是汗水（sweat）。

Passing salty water through the skin to stay cool.

透過皮膚排出鹽水以保持涼爽。

Ventilation is the movement of fresh air.

通風（ventilation）是指新鮮空氣的流動。

A power cut is an interruption in the supply of electricity.

停電（power cut）是指電力供應中斷。

A daily wage earner is a worker who earns money on a day-to-day basis.

日結工（daily wage earner）是指按天結算工資的勞工。

A slum is a very poor and crowded area of a city.

貧民窟（slum）是城市中非常貧困擁擠的區域。

And finally,

最後，

if you subsidize something,

如果你補貼（subsidize）某物，

you pay part of its cost.

你就為它支付一部分費用。

Once again,

再一次，

our six minutes are up.

我們的六分鐘到了。

Goodbye for now.

先說到這。

Bye.

再見。

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自 bbclearningenglish.com 的六分鐘英語。