我們的口味由什麼決定？ ⏲️ 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

bbclearningenglish.com 上的 6 分鐘英語。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

你好，這裡是來自 BBC Learning English 的 6 分鐘英語。

I'm Phil.

我是 Phil。

And I'm Beth.

我是 Beth。

Now, let's talk about food.

現在，讓我們談談食物。

Okay.

好的。

What food do you love?

你喜歡什麼食物？

What food do you hate?

你討厭什麼食物？

If you ask around, 片語動詞

如果你四處問問，

you'll soon see there's no right or wrong answer. 片語搭配

你很快就會發現沒有對或錯的答案。

It's all a question of taste. 片語搭配

這完全是個口味的問題。

But our taste, it turns out, 表達脈絡

但事實證明，我們的口味，

isn't simply a matter of opinion. 片語搭配

並不只是一個主觀意見的問題。

Rather, scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA. 文法

相反地，科學家們發現口味受我們的基因和 DNA 的影響。

So, in this program, we'll be asking,

所以，在這個節目中，我們將探討，

what is taste?

什麼是口味？

Why can't we agree on it?

為什麼我們在這點上無法達成共識？

And is it worth listening to experts 片語搭配

以及是否值得聽取專家們的意見，

whose job is to tell us what to eat and drink?

他們的工作是告訴我們該吃什麼和喝什麼？

And as usual,

像往常一樣，

we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

我們也會學到一些有用的新詞彙。

Great.

太棒了。

But first, I have a question for you, Beth.

但首先，我有一個問題要問你，Beth。

A good way of finding out about British tastes 片語動詞

了解英國人口味的一個好方法

is with the nation's best-loved snack, crisps. 片語搭配

就是透過這個國家最受歡迎的零食——洋芋片。

So,

那麼，

what is the most popular flavor of crisps in the UK? 文化背景

在英國最受歡迎的洋芋片口味是什麼？

Is it A, salt and vinegar?

是 A，鹽與醋味？

B, cheese and onion?

B，起司與洋蔥味？

Or C, prawn cocktail?

還是 C，鮮蝦雞尾酒味？

Hmm, I'm going to guess cheese and onion.

嗯，我猜是起司與洋蔥味。

Okay, Beth.

好的，Beth。

I'll reveal the answer later in the program. 表達脈絡

我將在節目的後面揭曉答案。

Science's understanding of how taste works started only 25 years ago 文法

科學界對味覺運作原理的了解僅始於 25 年前

with the discovery of taste receptors, 用詞

隨著味覺受體的發現，

cells located in the taste buds on your tongue. 用詞

這些細胞位於你舌頭上的味蕾中。

But people's taste is unique to them. 片語搭配

但每個人的口味都是獨一無二的。

What tastes sweet to me 文法

對我來說嚐起來很甜的東西

might taste sour or salty to someone else.

對別人來說可能嚐起來是酸的或鹹的。

And this is because of differences in the receptors we're born with. 片語搭配

這是由於我們與生俱來的味覺受體存在差異。

In other words, 表達脈絡

換句話說，

taste is partly genetic.

口味在一定程度上是遺傳的。

Here's Danielle Reid,

這是 Danielle Reid，

researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia,

費城 Monell Chemical Senses Center 的研究員，

explaining more to BBC World Service program, The Food Chain.

在向 BBC 國際頻道節目 The Food Chain 進行詳細解釋。

When we first started doing genetic studies,

當我們剛開始進行基因研究時，

we really just confined ourselves 片語搭配

我們實際上只是將研究範圍侷限於

to looking at a few Europeans, people of European ancestry. 用詞

觀察少數歐洲人，即具有歐洲血統的人。

And so,

因此，

our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet 片語搭配

我們對地球上人類廣泛多樣性的了解

was extremely limited.

極其有限。

We are broadening our horizons 慣用語

我們正在開闊眼界，

and studying people of Asian and African ancestry,

並研究具有亞洲和非洲血統的人，

and that has really opened up the knowledge 片語動詞

這確實讓我們認識到

that people are much more diverse than we ever realized. 文法

人類的多樣性遠超我們的想像。

And what you're saying is, 語氣意圖

所以你的意思是，

no, taste isn't a matter of opinion,

不，口味不是意見的問題，

it's a matter of biology.

這是一個生物學的問題。

Exactly.

完全正確。

And we wouldn't,

而且我們不會，

you know, for our friends who are colorblind,

你知道，對於我們色盲的朋友，

we wouldn't chastise them for not being able to see red 用詞

我們不會因為他們看不到紅色

or for dressing in colors we don't appreciate.

或者穿著我們不欣賞的顏色而責備他們。

But we feel very free to criticize our friends' sense of taste. 語氣意圖

但我們卻很隨意地批評朋友們的口味。

It was only when scientists looked outside Europe, 文法

只有當科學家們把目光投向歐洲以外，

to the rest of the world,

看向世界其他地方時，

that they realized the diversity of human taste.

他們才意識到人類口味的多樣性。

Danielle says they broadened their horizons.

Danielle 說他們 broadened their horizons（開闊了眼界）。

They investigated something in a new way

他們以新的方式調查某事物

to increase their knowledge and understanding of it.

以增加他們對它的認識和理解。

Danielle compares taste to another genetically controlled condition, 片語搭配

Danielle 將味覺與另一種受基因控制的情況進行了比較，

being colorblind,

也就是色盲，

or unable to see the difference between certain colors like green and red. 片語搭配

或者無法分辨某些特定顏色，比如綠色和紅色。

You wouldn't chastise,

你不會因為某人是色盲

criticize, or punish someone for being colorblind.

而去 chastise（責備）、批評或懲罰他們。

So, why criticize someone's taste? 表達脈絡

那麼，為什麼要批評別人的口味呢？

But if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic,

但是，如果科學家告訴我們口味在很大程度上是遺傳的，

what about restaurant critics and wine connoisseurs? 講解

那麼餐廳評論家和葡萄酒鑑賞家呢？

People whose job it is to tell us what to eat and drink.

那些以告訴我們吃什麼和喝什麼為職業的人。

Are their opinions any better than our own?

他們的意見真的比我們自己的更好嗎？

Here's David Kermode,

這是 David Kermode，

wine judge for the International Wine and Spirits Competition,

國際葡萄酒與烈酒大賽的葡萄酒評審，

speaking with Ruth Alexander

正在與 Ruth Alexander 交談

for BBC World Service's The Food Chain.

代表 BBC 國際頻道的 The Food Chain 節目。

Scientists have established that taste is individual

科學家們已經確認口味是因人而異的

and to a large extent actually genetic. 片語搭配

而且在很大程度上其實是遺傳的。

So, I wonder,

所以，我想知道，

does that render the wine competition a pointless exercise? 文法

這是否使葡萄酒比賽成為一項毫無意義的活動？

No.

不。

I mean, I would say that, wouldn't I? 語氣意圖

我的意思是，我肯定會這麼說，不是嗎？

But of course,

但當然了，

individual taste is subjective. 用詞

個人口味是主觀的。

We all have our own personal prejudices

我們都有自己的個人偏見

in whatever sphere of life you want to go into.

無論你想涉足生活中的哪個領域。

But we are encouraged,

但我們被鼓勵，

I mean, ordered almost,

我是說，幾乎是被命令，

to park those prejudices 慣用語

將這些偏見拋開

Since people's tastes are naturally different,

因為人們的口味天生不同，

Ruth asks if wine competitions are pointless,

Ruth 問葡萄酒比賽是否是 pointless（毫無意義的），

without purpose, and a waste of time. 片語搭配

沒有目的，純粹是浪費時間。

Being a wine judge, 文法

作為一名葡萄酒評審，

David of course disagrees,

David 當然不同意，

using the phrase,

並使用了這句話：

"But I would say that, wouldn't I?"

"But I would say that, wouldn't I?（但我肯定會這麼說，不是嗎？）"

This phrase means something like,

這句話的意思大致是：

"Of course, I would say that."

"我當然會這麼說。"

It implies there's some reason

它暗示有某種理由

that what the speaker is saying is obviously biased towards them.

表明說話者所說的話顯然偏向於他們自己。

David admits that taste is subjective,

David 承認口味是 subjective（主觀的），

based on personal opinions and feelings rather than on facts. 片語搭配

是基於個人觀點和感受，而非基於事實。

And I think it's time 片語搭配

我想是時候

to reveal the answer to your question, Phil.

揭曉你那個問題的答案了，Phil。

Right.

對的。

I asked for Britain's most popular flavor of crisp,

我問了英國最受歡迎的洋芋片口味，

and you said cheese and onion,

你說的是起司與洋蔥味，

which was the correct answer.

這是正確答案。

Okay.

好的。

Let's recap the vocabulary we've learned in this program, 表達脈絡

讓我們複習一下在這個節目中學到的詞彙，

starting with the phrase to broaden or expand your horizons,

從短語 to broaden or expand your horizons 開始，

meaning to explore something in a new way

意思是以一種新的方式探索某事物

which increases your knowledge and understanding of it.

從而增加你對它的知識和理解。

To chastise means to strongly punish or criticize.

To chastise 意味著嚴厲懲罰或批評。

A colorblind person is unable to distinguish certain colors,

A colorblind person（色盲者）無法分辨特定顏色，

especially greens and reds.

尤其是綠色和紅色。

Something which is pointless has no purpose or meaning

Something which is pointless 指某事沒有目的或意義

and is a waste of time.

並且是浪費時間。

The phrase, "I would say that, wouldn't I?"

短語 "I would say that, wouldn't I?"

is a tag question meaning,

是一個附加問句，意思是，

"Of course, I would say that."

"我當然會這麼說。"

And finally, if something is subjective,

最後，如果某件事是 subjective（主觀的），

it's influenced by personal beliefs or feelings

它受個人的信仰或感情影響，

rather than based on facts.

而不是基於事實。

Once again, our 6 minutes are up. 片語搭配

我們的 6 分鐘又到了。

Goodbye for now.

暫時再見了。

Bye.

再見。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

bbclearningenglish.com 上的 6 分鐘英語。