如果你只喝可樂（汽水）不喝其他東西會怎樣？：英語精讀講義

Most of us humans have a sweet tooth, 慣用語

我們大多數人都有吃甜食的嗜好，

but it wasn't always that way. 表達脈絡

但並非總是如此。

In the 18th century,

在18世紀，

the British were refining large amounts of sugar,

英國人正在精煉大量的糖，

but it was still considered quite the luxury item. 文法

但它仍然被認為是一件相當奢侈的物品。

In fact,

事實上，

it was known as white gold 慣用語

它被稱為白金，

and it was so precious and expensive 文法

而且它如此珍貴和昂貴，

that only the very wealthy ate it.

以至於只有非常有錢的人才吃得起。

Today,

如今，

the sugar industry is huge

製糖業規模龐大，

and while our daily intake of this sweet delight

儘管我們每天對這種甜美食品的攝入量

should only be about 50 grams,

應該只有大約50克，

according to health experts,

根據健康專家的說法，

it's thought when American sugar consumption

人們認為，當美國人的糖消費量

was at its peak in 1999, 片語搭配

在1999年達到頂峰時，

citizens were consuming close to 111 grams a day on average. 片語搭配

公民們平均每天消耗接近111克的糖。

It's thought right now that number is 94 grams.

目前認為這個數字是94克。

A big part of that is sugar in our drinks

其中很大一部分是我們飲料中的糖，

and that's what we'll discuss today.

而這正是我們今天要討論的內容。

In this episode of the Infographics Show,

在本期《Infographics Show》中，

what would happen if you only drank Coke 文法

如果你只喝可口可樂

and nothing else?

而不喝其他任何東西，會發生什麼？

Don't forget to subscribe

別忘了訂閱

and click the bell button

並點擊小鈴鐺按鈕，

so that you can be part of our notification squad.

這樣你就可以加入我們的通知小分隊。

The history of Coca-Cola starts in 1886

可口可樂的歷史始於1886年，

when an American pharmacist called Dr. John S. Pemberton

當時一位名叫約翰·S·彭伯頓博士的美國藥劑師

started messing around with carbonated water and syrup. 片語動詞

開始折騰碳酸水和糖漿。

According to Coke's own website,

根據可口可樂自己的網站，

he was quite pleased with the results

他對結果非常滿意，

and within a year he was selling nine servings a day,

不到一年，他每天能賣出九份，

each for 5 cents.

每份5美分。

Right now,

如今，

around 1.9 billion servings of Coke are sold daily.

每天售出大約19億份可口可樂。

That's more than a quarter of the world's 7.5 billion people

這意味著世界上75億人口中，有超過四分之一的人

guzzling this drink every day. 用詞

每天都在豪飲這種飲料。

It's believed that half the population of the USA drinks

據信，美國有一半的人口

at least half a glass of soda

每天都會喝至少半杯汽水，

every day of their lives.

這幾乎成了他們日常生活的一部分。

But is that good for them?

但這真的對他們好嗎？

First,

首先，

we have to know what's actually in Coke.

我們必須知道可口可樂裡究竟有什麼。

Is there really a secret ingredient

是否真的有一種神秘的成分，

that nobody can fathom except its creators?

除了它的創造者，沒有其他人能猜透？

The secret formula was actually created

這個神秘配方實際上是在1891年

as a marketing stunt in 1891, 片語搭配

作為一種行銷噱頭而被創造出來的，

but still today

但直到今天，

Coke says only a very few people

可口可樂公司仍表示只有極少數的內部人士

on the inside know what that is. 慣用語

才知道那是什麼。

Coke actually labels each ingredient as a merchandise

實際上，可口可樂將每種成分都標記為「商品」，

and they are numbered 1 to 9.

並且它們被編號為1到9。

One of them is of course

其中之一當然是

sugar or other sweeteners

糖或其他甜味劑，

and we know it also contains caffeine,

我們也知道它含有咖啡因、

caramel coloring and phosphoric acid.

焦糖色素和磷酸。

The rest of the ingredients are a mystery,

其餘的成分則是個謎，

although it's thought there might be orange,

儘管有人認為糖漿裡可能有柳橙、

lime, vanilla, cinnamon

青檸、香草、肉桂，

and even nutmeg in the syrup.

甚至肉豆蔻。

One of the ingredients is called 7X.

其中一種成分被稱為7X。

In a book on the subject,

在一本關於該主題的書中，

writer Mark Pendergrast said he had found

作家馬克·彭德格拉斯特說他發現了

the hidden ingredients and they were a mix of oils

這些隱藏的成分，它們是一種混合油，

containing extract of orange,

含有柳橙、

lemon, nutmeg, cinnamon, coriander,

檸檬、肉豆蔻、肉桂、芫荽、

neroli and also some alcohol.

橙花油的提取物，還有一些酒精。

Neroli is an essential oil from the orange tree.

橙花油是一種從苦橙樹上提取的精油。

And yes,

沒錯，

the drink did at one point contain cocaine, 片語搭配

這種飲料曾一度含有古柯鹼，

but in those days the coca leaf

但在那個年代，古柯葉

was promoted as a health benefit.

被宣傳為對健康有益。

According to Snopes,

根據Snopes網站的說法，

it only contained 1/400 of a grain of cocaine

每盎司糖漿中僅含有

per ounce of syrup.

1/400格令的古柯鹼。

That is not enough to make a person high, 文法

這不足以讓人興奮，

but it was still removed from the drink in 1903,

但在1903年，古柯鹼仍被從飲料中去除，

11 years before cocaine was actually made illegal in the USA. 片語搭配

這比古柯鹼在美國實際被定為非法早了11年。

Prior to that, 表達脈絡

在此之前，

it was the drink's selling point with its creator, 片語搭配

這是該飲料的賣點，它的創造者

a morphine addict himself,

（他本人就是一個嗎啡上癮者）

saying that Coke was a most wonderful invigorator

聲稱可口可樂是最絕妙的性器官

of sexual organs.

刺激物。

Much has changed,

時代變遷，

but Coke's marketing strategy is still often related

但可口可樂的行銷策略依然經常與

to having a lust for life, 慣用語

對生活的熱愛、

youth, spirit and sexiness.

青春、活力和性感聯繫在一起。

Now,

現在，

let's talk about the sugar.

讓我們來談談糖分。

There are 9 grams of sugar in every 100 grams of the drink.

每100克這種飲料中含有9克糖。

In a 12-ounce can of Coke,

在一罐12盎司的可口可樂中，

there are 39 grams of sugar.

含有39克糖。

But we all know how much people like to overdose on Coke. 慣用語

但我們都知道，人們是多麼喜歡超量飲用可口可樂。

A 7-Eleven Big Gulp of Coke

7-11便利店的大杯（Big Gulp）可樂

contains 91 grams of sugar,

含有91克糖，

almost double the recommended daily dose. 文法

幾乎是推薦日攝入量的兩倍。

A Super Gulp contains 146 grams of sugar

超大杯（Super Gulp）含有146克糖，

and a Double Gulp 186 grams of sugar.

而雙倍大杯（Double Gulp）則含有186克糖。

A large Coke at McDonald's contains about 77 grams of sugar.

麥當勞的一大杯可口可樂大約含有77克糖。

Drinks got so big

飲料份量變得如此之大，

that New York created the sugary drinks portion cap rule, 文化背景

以至於紐約出台了含糖飲料容量限制規定，

but that didn't affect 7-Eleven's monstrous portions.

這並沒有影響到7-11便利店那些龐大的份量。

It only applied to restaurants,

它只適用於餐廳，

which were prohibited from serving sugary drinks 文法

這些餐廳被禁止供應超過16盎司的

bigger than 16 ounces.

含糖飲料。

No surprise,

毫不奇怪，

the sugar drink conglomerates opposed the bill,

糖飲料集團強烈反對這項法案，

stating that poor-income families

稱低收入家庭

would lose out on those great deals. 片語動詞

將會錯失那些划算的交易。

You could of course splurge and buy three separate drinks.

當然，你也可以揮霍一下，買三杯單獨的飲料。

According to Mother Jones,

根據《Mother Jones》雜誌的報導，

the biggest drinks out there are these in order:

市面上最大的飲料依次是：

7-Eleven Team Gulp at 128 fluid ounces,

7-11便利店128液體盎司的Team Gulp，

Humongous convenience store at 100 ounces,

便利店100盎司的Humongous，

the Beast's Arco at 85 ounces

Arco加油站85盎司的Beast，

and KFC's Mega Jug at 64 ounces.

以及肯德基64盎司的Mega Jug。

That would mean one Team Gulp

這意味著一杯Team Gulp

is 10.6 cans of Coke

相當於10.6罐可樂，

or 415 grams of sugar.

或者415克糖。

That is more than eight times more sugar 文法

這超過了醫生建議的安全日攝入量的

than what doctors say is safe to consume each day.

八倍之多。

Maybe if you just drank Coke and nothing else,

也許如果你只喝可口可樂，不吃其他任何東西，

you might consume that amount,

你可能會消耗那麼多量，

but what effect would it have on the body? 片語搭配

但這會對身體產生什麼影響？

Maybe we can imagine a zombie apocalypse

也許我們可以想像一場喪屍末日，

and you are locked in a Coke warehouse

你被鎖在了一個可口可樂倉庫裡，

and there's nothing but stock. 片語搭配

裡面除了存貨什麼都沒有。

As you can imagine, 表達脈絡

可以想像，

your teeth would soon start to rot.

你的牙齒很快就會開始腐爛。

The acid content in the Coke would destroy the enamel

可樂中的酸性物質會破壞你牙齒上的

on your teeth and the sugar would soon lead to cavities. 片語搭配

牙釉質，而糖分很快就會導致蛀牙。

The calories you consumed

你攝入的卡路里

would be less than the recommended 2,000

將低於推薦的2000卡路里

if you drank 10 point 6 cans of Coke

（如果你喝了10.6罐可樂，

at 150 calories a can,

每罐150卡路里的話），

but still the contents would hurt you.

但這些成分依然會傷害你。

According to one health website,

根據一個健康網站的說法，

all that high-fructose corn syrup you are consuming

你攝入的那些高果糖玉米糖漿

would start to increase fat on your liver.

會開始增加你肝臟上的脂肪。

It also said you would be at risk of getting cardiovascular disease. 片語搭配

該網站還說你有患上心血管疾病的風險。

Believe it or not, 表達脈絡

信不信由你，

one super fit guy from Los Angeles named George Prior

洛杉磯一個名叫喬治·普賴爾的超級健美的傢伙，

actually drank 10 cans of Coke

真的每天喝10罐可樂，

every day for 30 days.

連續喝了30天。

He did eat other things too, though.

不過，他確實也吃了其他東西。

After his binge,

在他這一頓狂飲之後，

the British press said he put on 28 pounds. 片語動詞

英國媒體稱他體重增加了28磅。

From being slim,

從原本的苗條身材，

he developed love handles, 用詞

他長出了腰間贅肉、

a pot belly and man boobs.

啤酒肚和男性乳房發育的現象。

He also said his blood pressure went up 片語動詞

他還說他的血壓也上升了，

from 129 over 77

從129/77

to 145 over 96.

飆升到145/96。

His conclusion,

他的結論是：

"I think there are a lot of people suffering

「我認為有許多遭受

health problems like diabetes and heart disease

糖尿病和心臟病等健康問題折磨的人

aren't aware they could help themselves

並沒有意識到他們本可以

by just stopping sugar." 文法

僅僅通過戒糖來幫助自己。」

He also admitted that the big corporations

他也承認，要阻止那些大公司

and their lobbying arms would be hard to stop. 慣用語

及其遊說集團是很困難的。

Back to our Coke binge. 表達脈絡

回到我們的可樂狂歡。

According to some experts at Yale University,

根據耶魯大學的一些專家的說法，

we'd start aging rapidly as well as putting on pounds 片語搭配

我們會開始迅速衰老，並且體重增加，

and losing teeth.

還會掉牙。

The same study says that we'd feel really hungry

同一項研究還指出，我們會一直感到非常飢餓，

all the time

每時每刻，

as sweet tastes increase appetite.

因為甜味會增加食慾。

We might even start gnawing at the crates in the warehouse.

我們甚至可能開始啃噬倉庫裡的板條箱。

Weight gain would be definite.

體重增加是肯定的。

Studies have shown that 1/5

研究表明，五分之一的

of America's famous obesity epidemic

美國著名的肥胖流行病

is from people just drinking too many sugary drinks.

僅僅是因為人們喝了太多含糖飲料引起的。

Another article explains that one woman drank 2 liters of soda

另一篇文章解釋說，一名女子每天喝2升汽水，

every day and no water at all for 16 years.

16年來完全不喝水。

Her addiction put her in the hospital 片語搭配

她的癮導致她被送進了醫院，

at the age of just 31.

當時她才31歲。

She was suffering from arrhythmia,

她患有心律不整、

fainting spells and potassium deficiency. 片語搭配

暈厥和缺鉀。

You can only imagine what a Coke-only diet would do to us. 文法

你只能想像，純可樂飲食會對我們造成什麼影響。

Research has shown that just reducing the amount of sugar 表達脈絡

研究表明，僅僅減少飲料中的含糖量，

in drinks could prevent over a million cases of obesity.

就能預防超過一百萬例肥胖症。

What does the World Health Organization say about this?

世界衛生組織對此有何看法？

"We have solid evidence that keeping intake of free sugars 講解

「我們有確鑿的證據表明，將游離糖的攝入量控制在

to less than 10% of total energy intake

總能量攝入的10%以下，

reduces the risk of overweight, 片語搭配

可以降低超重、

obesity and tooth decay,"

肥胖和蛀牙的風險，」

said the WHO's Department of Nutrition

世界衛生組織營養與健康

for Health and Development in 2015.

發展部在2015年表示。

Things could soon change,

事情可能很快就會發生變化，

but sugar politics is a big deal 慣用語

但糖業政治是一件大事，

and in the end the bottom line 慣用語

最終，利潤底線

is more important than your health,

比你的健康更重要，

say most critics.

大多數批評人士如是說。

The sugar industry has spent $54 million

製糖業在過去八年裡花費了5400萬美元

lobbying in the last eight years.

進行遊說。

Well,

嗯，

in the UK politicians knew this and tried

在英國，政客們意識到了這一點，並試圖

to come up with a way to reduce 講解

拿出一種方法，通過對糖徵收更高的稅，

obesity in the country by taxing sugar higher.

來減少該國的肥胖問題。

This hasn't come in yet,

這項政策還沒有出台，

but already drinks manufacturers have begun

但飲料製造商已經開始

reducing the sugar in their drinks

減少他們在英國飲料中的糖分，

in the UK by as much as 50% 文法

降幅高達50%，

because of this.

就是因為這個原因。

Coke was one of those companies,

可口可樂也是這些公司之一，

but the 30% sugar reduction will only happen

但據美國有線電視新聞網（CNN）報導，減糖30%的舉措只會在

in the UK, according to CNN.

英國實施。

So,

那麼，

how much soda do you drink in a day?

你一天喝多少汽水？

Will this video get you to reduce your intake? 文法

這個影片會讓你減少攝入量嗎？

Let us know in the comments. 語氣意圖

請在留言區告訴我們。

Also,

另外，

be sure to check out our other video

一定要去看看我們的另一段名為

called Vegans versus Meat Eaters.

《純素食者對戰肉食者》的影片。

Who will live longer?

誰會活得更久？

Thanks for watching and as always,

感謝觀看，和往常一樣，

don't forget to like, share and subscribe.

別忘了按讚、分享和訂閱。

See you next time.

我們下次再見。