衡量幸福的國家 ⏲️ 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

bbclearningenglish.com出品的《6分鐘英語》。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，這裡是BBC Learning English的《6分鐘英語》。

I'm Neil.

我是尼爾。

And I'm Pippa.

我是皮帕。

In this program,

在本期節目中，

we're talking about happiness.

我們要談論的是幸福。

So, what makes you happy, Neil?

那麼，尼爾，什麼會讓你感到幸福？

Oh, it makes me happy 文法

哦，讓我感到幸福的是

when I'm with a group of old friends

當我和一群老朋友在一起

and we're having a good laugh. 片語搭配

大家開懷大笑的時候。

How about you, Pippa? 語氣意圖

妳呢，皮帕？

Cats make me very happy,

貓讓我非常開心，

especially if I see a cat on the street that I don't know

尤其是如果我在街上看到一隻我不認識的貓，

and it lets me give it a little stroke. 講解

而牠讓我輕輕摸牠一下。

That always makes me happy.

那總是讓我感到很幸福。

I'm not surprised.

我一點也不驚訝。

That sounds great.

聽起來很棒。

So, happiness means different things to different people, 片語搭配

所以，幸福對不同的人意味著不同的事情，

but what's for sure is that most people would like to be happy. 文法

但可以肯定的是，大多數人都希望能幸福。

And the small Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan

而喜馬拉雅山脈的小王國不丹

has taken this to a new level 慣用語

將這一願望提升到了一個新的高度，

with the idea of Gross National Happiness 文化背景

提出了國民幸福總值的理念，

or GNH.

簡稱GNH。

We'll be hearing more about Gross National Happiness

我們很快就會聽到更多關於國民幸福總值的內容，

and learning some useful new vocabulary soon.

並且學習一些有用的新詞彙。

But first, Pippa, I have a question for you.

但首先，皮帕，我有一個問題要問妳。

Of course, it's not just the people of Bhutan who want to be happy. 表達脈絡

當然，想要幸福的不只是不丹人民。

In fact, the United Nations has even announced an International Day of Happiness. 表達脈絡

事實上，聯合國甚至宣布設立了國際幸福日。

But when is that?

但那是什麼時候呢？

Is International Happiness Day

國際幸福日是

A, the 20th of March,

A，3月20日，

B, the 20th of June,

B，6月20日，

or C, the 20th of November?

還是C，11月20日？

I'm going to say the 20th of June 語氣意圖

我猜是6月20日，

because it would be sunny in the UK.

因為在英國那天會陽光明媚。

Okay, let's find out if you're right at the end of the program. 片語搭配

好的，讓我們在節目最後看看妳猜得對不對。

Now, briefly, Gross National Happiness means 表達脈絡

現在簡而言之，國民幸福總值意味著

preserving Bhutan's natural environment and culture

保護不丹的自然環境和文化，

through sustainable and eco-friendly development. 用詞

透過永續和環保的發展方式。

Bhutan's government sees these goals 文法

不丹政府將這些目標

as more important than growing the economy at any cost. 慣用語

視為比不惜代價發展經濟更重要的事情。

For many years, Bhutan was closed to the outside world. 片語搭配

多年來，不丹對外部世界是封閉的。

The first foreign tourists arrived in 1974

第一批外國遊客在1974年才到來，

and television was only introduced in 1999.

電視直到1999年才被引入。

The king of Bhutan wanted to modernize the country 用詞

不丹國王想要使國家現代化，

and give it the benefits of modern technology,

並讓其享受現代科技帶來的好處，

but without damaging traditional culture. 文法

但前提是不破壞傳統文化。

So, he invited outside experts to develop the idea of Gross National Happiness.

因此，他邀請外部專家來發展國民幸福總值的理念。

One expert was Dr. Ha Vinh Toe,

其中一位專家是Ha Vinh Toe博士，

speaking here to Charmaine Cozier,

他在這裡接受Charmaine Cozier的採訪，

presenter of BBC World Service program The Inquiry.

她是BBC世界廣播節目《The Inquiry》的主持人。

So, his idea was how could we modernize and open our country 講解

所以，他的想法是我們如何使國家現代化並對外開放，

without losing its culture,

而不失去其文化、

its environment,

其環境，

and its very strong social fabric. 慣用語

及其非常穩固的社會結構。

Because Bhutan was one of the only countries in Asia who was never colonized. 文化背景

因為不丹是亞洲少數從未被殖民的國家之一。

Therefore, its culture is very intact and vibrant, 用詞

因此，其文化非常完整且充滿活力，

mainly Buddhist culture.

主要是佛教文化。

And so the idea was that Gross National Happiness

因此，這個想法是，國民幸福總值

should be the focus on all governmental decisions and policies. 表達脈絡

應該成為所有政府決策和政策的焦點。

So the well-being and happiness of citizens took center stage. 慣用語

這樣，公民的福祉和幸福就佔據了中心位置。

Bhutan has a strong social fabric,

不丹有著穩固的社會結構，

meaning there are good relationships within communities

意味著社區內有著良好的關係，

and these hold society together. 片語動詞

而這些將社會凝聚在一起。

Unlike other Asian countries, 表達脈絡

與其他亞洲國家不同，

Bhutan was never colonized.

不丹從未被殖民過。

So its Buddhist culture and traditions are intact.

所以它的佛教文化和傳統完好無損。

They're complete and unspoiled.

它們完整而未受破壞。

As a result, 表達脈絡

因此，

the happiness of Bhutan's people took center stage.

不丹人民的幸福成為了焦點。

It became the most important thing.

它成為了最重要的事情。

Bhutan's emphasis on happiness has been admired around the world.

不丹對幸福的重視受到了全世界的讚賞。

But there have been problems too. 表達脈絡

但也存在一些問題。

One is the migration of Bhutanese workers to India and other countries

之一就是不丹工人為了尋找收入更高的工作和機會

in search of better paid jobs and opportunities, 片語搭配

移民到印度和其他國家，

something known as the brain drain. 用詞

也就是所謂的人才外流（brain drain）。

So, in 2023,

因此，在2023年，

the king of Bhutan announced a multi-million-dollar project called The Mindfulness City, 用詞

不丹國王宣布了一個名為『正念之城』的耗資數百萬美元的項目，

a new Himalayan city built on spiritual and environmental 片語搭配

這是一座建立在精神和環境

principles, all powered by renewable energy. 片語搭配

原則上的喜馬拉雅新城，完全由再生能源供電。

Originally from Bhutan,

出生於不丹的

Dr. Lhawang Ugyel is the project's director

Lhawang Ugyel博士是該項目的負責人，

and spoke with Charmaine Cozier for the BBC World Service's The Inquiry.

他接受了BBC世界廣播節目《The Inquiry》的Charmaine Cozier的採訪。

The project is also about reversing Bhutan's brain drain. 片語搭配

這個項目也是為了扭轉不丹的人才外流現象。

The intention is to have locals run this whole Mindfulness City. 文法

其意圖是讓當地人來管理整個正念之城。

So, in that sense, 表達脈絡

因此，從這個意義上講，

it's also to attract the migrants that have left

它也是為了吸引那些已經離開的移民，

and in the process of having worked abroad, 片語搭配

以及在國外工作過程中

gained the extra skills,

獲得了額外技能的人，

come back to the Mindfulness City and work.

回到正念之城工作。

As well as being a futuristic eco-city, 表達脈絡

除了作為一座充滿未來感的生態城市，

The Mindfulness City hopes to stop Bhutan's brain drain

正念之城還希望透過吸引工人回到不丹

by attracting workers back home to Bhutan. 文法

來阻止不丹的人才外流。

These local workers can then use the extra skills that they've learned abroad through upskilling.

這些當地工人可以透過技能提升（upskilling），運用他們在國外學到的額外技能。

And upskilling is the process where worker skills are improved through training. 用詞

技能提升（upskilling）是透過培訓來提高工人技能的過程。

The idea of Gross National Happiness might sound unusual, 表達脈絡

國民幸福總值的理念聽起來可能很不尋常，

but it's interesting to see Bhutan balancing economic growth with the happiness of its people. 片語搭配

但看到不丹在經濟增長與其人民幸福之間取得平衡，是很有趣的。

Yes, that's true.

是的，確實如此。

And it reminds me of your question, Neil. 片語搭配

這也讓我想起了你的問題，尼爾。

Yes, I asked you what the date of International Happiness Day is.

是的，我問妳國際幸福日是哪一天。

I said it was the 20th of June,

我說是6月20日，

in the summer, in the UK.

在英國是夏天。

Well, maybe it's better for people in the southern hemisphere 文化背景

嗯，這對南半球的人來說可能更好，

because it's actually the 20th of March.

因為其實是3月20日。

Oh, nice.

哦，不錯。

And if you got that answer right,

如果妳答對了那個問題，

why not try our interactive quiz, 語氣意圖

為什麼不試試我們的互動測驗呢，

which you'll find on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.

妳可以在我們的網站bbclearningenglish.com上找到它。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, 表達脈絡

好了，讓我們複習一下今天學到的詞彙，

starting with modernize, 表達脈絡

首先是modernize（現代化），

to make something more modern,

指使某物變得更現代，

for example, through introducing technology.

例如，透過引入科技。

A country's social fabric means the relationships which connect a community together.

一個國家的social fabric（社會結構）指的是將社區連接在一起的各種關係。

The adjective intact means complete and undamaged.

形容詞intact（完好無損的）意思就是完整和未受損的。

If something takes center stage,

如果某件事takes center stage（佔據中心位置），

it becomes more important than anything else.

它就變得比其他任何事情都重要。

A brain drain happens when large numbers of educated and skilled people

當大量受過教育和有技能的人

leave their own country to live and work in another country

離開自己的國家去另一個國家生活和工作

where they can earn more money.

在那裡他們能賺更多的錢時，就會發生brain drain（人才外流）。

And finally, upskilling

最後，upskilling（技能提升）

means improving workers' skills through training and experience.

意思是透過培訓和經驗來提高工人的技能。

Once again, our 6 minutes are up. 慣用語

再次提醒，我們的6分鐘時間到了。

Goodbye for now.

先說再見了。

Goodbye.

再見。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

bbclearningenglish.com出品的《6分鐘英語》。