士兵擅離職守(AWOL)會發生什麼事？：英語精讀講義

The United States military has long prided itself on being an all-volunteer force 講解

美國軍隊長期以來一直以自己是一支全志願部隊而自豪，

and data from around the world has proven time and time again 慣用語

而來自世界各地的數據一次又一次地證明，

that volunteer soldiers routinely outperform and outfight conscripted soldiers. 用詞

志願兵在日常表現和戰鬥力上往往優於徵召兵。

American soldiers can enjoy decent, if not great, 文法

美國士兵可以享受即使算不上極好但也相當不錯的

pay, medical benefits during and after serving,

薪酬，以及服役期間和退役後的醫療福利，

a very generous education benefits package,

非常豐厚的教育福利方案，

and a slew of other benefits 片語搭配

以及大量其他福利，

all meant to entice everyday people to give up their normal lives and to become a soldier. 講解

所有這些都是為了吸引普通人放棄原本的生活並成為一名士兵。

But sometimes service's too much of a burden 文法

但有時候，服役的負擔太重，

or a new recruit realizes that military life simply isn't something they're cut out for. 慣用語

或者新兵發現自己根本不適合軍隊生活。

Perhaps a soldier objects to being sent to a combat zone, 文法

也許一名士兵反對被派往戰區，

either out of cowardice or on grounds of morality. 片語搭配

無論是出於怯懦還是出於道德原因。

For many of these soldiers,

對於許多這類士兵來說，

the only solution is a drastic one,

唯一的解決辦法就是採取極端的手段：

to go AWOL or absent without leave. 文化背景

擅離職守（AWOL，即無故缺勤）。

But what happens when you go AWOL?

但是，當你擅離職守時會發生什麼呢？

Between 2001 and 2012,

在2001年至2012年間，

during the height of the Global War on Terror, 講解

也就是全球反恐戰爭的最高潮時期，

approximately 50,000 US service members went AWOL,

大約有五萬名美國軍人擅離職守，

either permanently or for short amounts of time.

無論是永久性還是短時間的。

The military defines AWOL status as not being where you're ordered to be 文法

軍方將AWOL狀態定義為：未在規定的時間

at the time instructed to be there.

出現在被命令到達的地點。

So technically,

所以嚴格來說，

being late to formation can count as being AWOL. 片語搭配

集合遲到也可以算作AWOL。

Overwhelmingly,

絕大多數情況下，

most soldiers go AWOL for completely unintended reasons,

大多數士兵擅離職守都是出於完全無意的原因，

such as being stuck with bad travel plans 片語動詞

比如受困於糟糕的旅行計畫，

or are AWOL for only a day or two before returning to their unit.

或者只是AWOL一兩天就回到了部隊。

Some, however,

然而，也有一些人

go AWOL with the intention to leave the military permanently. 片語搭配

擅離職守是打算永久離開軍隊。

Once AWOL,

一旦AWOL，

you have 30 days to report back to duty 片語搭配

你有30天的時間返回崗位報到，

before you're officially listed as a deserter

否則就會被正式列為逃兵，

and the punishment you face varies depending on how long you were gone 片語搭配

你面臨的懲罰因你離開的時間長短

and what you did during that time.

以及你在此期間的行為而有所不同。

Once you return from AWOL status or are captured by law enforcement,

一旦你從AWOL狀態返回，或被執法部門抓獲，

you'll face a military court-martial, 文化背景

你將面臨軍事法庭的審判，

which is the same as a civilian court with some notable exceptions

除了少數值得注意的例外情況外，這與民事法庭相同，

and is exclusively for military service members.

並且是專門為軍人設立的。

Punishments can vary,

不過，懲罰可能各不相同，

though, and as mentioned before,

正如前面提到的，

are typically meted out proportionate to the violation. 講解

通常會根據違規程度按比例量刑。

Going AWOL for a day or two

擅離職守一兩天

might earn you disciplinary action from your commanding officer

可能會讓你受到指揮官的紀律處分，

and can vary depending on their own judgment

並且根據他們自己的判斷，處分內容各異，

from everything from administrative and legal action

從行政和法律處分，

to off the record punishments such as harsh mandatory PT sessions 慣用語

到非正式的懲罰（如嚴酷的強制性體能訓練），

or a bevy of very unpleasant chores that will make sure you no longer have any free time. 片語搭配

或是一堆讓你根本沒有空閒時間的非常繁重的苦差事。

Under Article 87 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice 文化背景

根據《統一軍事司法法典》第87條

or the laws which govern military service members,

或管轄軍人的相關法律，

individuals who miss movements or the departure of a soldier's unit for deployment 文化背景

錯過部隊調動或士兵所屬部隊部署出發的人員

can be punished in one of two ways.

可以受到兩種方式之一的懲罰。

If a soldier misses the movement on purpose,

如果士兵故意錯過調動，

as in refuses to deploy when ordered,

比如在接到命令時拒絕部署，

they can be dishonorably discharged and have all pay and allowances forfeited for a period of time, 文化背景

他們可能會被不光彩退伍，並在一段時間內被沒收所有薪酬和津貼，

be reduced to the lowest enlisted grade,

被降至最低士兵等級，

the lowest rank in their service,

即其所在軍種的最低軍階，

or be confined for up to two years.

或者被監禁長達兩年。

If the soldier missed their deployment because of their own neglect,

如果士兵因自己的疏忽錯過了部署，

but not on purpose,

但並非故意，

they may receive a bad conduct discharge or Big Chicken Dinner, 文化背景

他們可能會收到不良品行退伍，或者軍中俗稱的

as it's known in the military parlance,

「大雞排晚餐」（Big Chicken Dinner），

forfeit pay and allowances for a period of time,

在一段時間內被沒收薪酬和津貼，

be reduced to the lowest rank,

降至最低軍階，

or be confined for up to one year.

或被監禁長達一年。

It's important to note that punishments can be cumulative. 表達脈絡

需要注意的是，懲罰是可以累加的。

So, for example,

所以舉個例子，

you may be forced to forfeit all pay for six months

你可能會被強制沒收六個月的全部薪酬，

and be reduced in rank.

並被降級。

Under Article 86,

根據第86條，

soldiers who go absent without leave

擅離職守的士兵

are subject to various penalties depending on the nature of their offense. 片語搭配

將根據其違規性質受到各種處罰。

Soldiers who fail to report to their appointed place of duty, 文化背景

未能到指定地點報到的士兵，

as in being late for work,

比如上班遲到、

leaving work early,

早退、

not reporting to a new duty station, or miss an appointment,

未到新崗位報到或錯過預約，

can be subject to confinement for one month,

可能會面臨一個月的監禁，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低軍階，

and forfeit two-thirds of their pay for one month.

並沒收一個月三分之二的薪水。

Harsh,

聽起來很嚴厲，

but it's unlikely you'll face any of those punishments

但如果你一個月只是遲到幾次，

if you're just late to work for a few times a month.

是不太可能面臨這些懲罰的。

But make it a habit 片語搭配

但如果養成習慣，

and you could very well face one of these punishments or multiple. 文法

你很有可能面臨其中一項或多項懲罰。

If a soldier leaves their post without authorization while on guard or watch duty, 用詞

如果士兵在站崗或值班時未經授權擅離崗位，

but does so without the intent to abandon that post,

但沒有遺棄該崗位的意圖，

they can face the following punishments:

他們可能面臨以下懲罰：

confinement for three months,

監禁三個月，

reduction to lowest rank,

降至最低軍階，

and forfeiture of two-thirds pay for three months.

並沒收三個月三分之二的薪水。

If a soldier leaves their post,

如果士兵擅離崗位，

but with the intent to actually abandon their post,

並且實際上有遺棄該崗位的意圖，

the soldier could receive a bad conduct discharge,

該士兵可能會被不良品行退伍，

forfeiture of all pay and allowances,

沒收所有薪酬和津貼，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低軍階，

and confinement for six months.

並監禁六個月。

If a soldier goes absent for no more than three days,

如果士兵缺勤不超過三天，

they can face the following:

他們可能面臨以下情況：

confinement for one month,

監禁一個月，

reduction to lowest rank,

降至最低軍階，

and forfeiture of two-thirds pay for one month.

並沒收一個月三分之二的薪水。

Going absent for more than three days,

缺勤超過三天，

but not more than 30 days,

但不超過30天，

can land you in confinement for six months, 慣用語

可能會讓你面臨六個月的監禁，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低軍階，

and forfeiture of two-thirds pay for six months.

並沒收六個月三分之二的薪水。

If a soldier goes AWOL for more than 30 days,

如果士兵AWOL超過30天，

they can face dishonorable discharge,

他們可能面臨不光彩退伍，

forfeiture of all pay and allowances,

沒收所有薪酬和津貼，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低軍階，

and confinement for one year.

並監禁一年。

If they are AWOL for more than 30 days and their official AWOL status is terminated by apprehension, 用詞

如果他們AWOL超過30天，並且因被捕而終止了其官方AWOL狀態，

meaning the soldier got caught,

也就是該士兵被抓住了，

they face all the same penalties

他們將面臨完全相同的處罰

plus confinement for 18 months.

外加18個月的監禁。

If a soldier only goes AWOL to avoid field exercises or maneuvers

如果士兵只是為了逃避野戰演習或軍事行動而AWOL，

and not to permanently leave the military,

而不是為了永久離開軍隊，

that soldier can face a bad conduct discharge,

該士兵可能面臨不良品行退伍，

forfeiture of all pay and allowances,

沒收所有薪酬和津貼，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低軍階，

and confinement for six months.

並監禁六個月。

Once a soldier is AWOL for more than 30 days,

一旦士兵AWOL超過30天，

they can officially be considered a deserter.

他們就可以被正式視為逃兵。

Although there is a prerequisite that they be found as having gone AWOL with no intention of ever returning, 片語搭配

儘管前提條件是他們被認定為擅離職守且無意返回，

desertion is the most serious of offenses

逃兵是所有違規行為中最嚴重的一種，

and punishments vary on how the soldier was discovered after deserting

懲罰視該士兵逃跑後被發現的方式

and why they deserted.

以及他們逃跑的原因而定。

If a soldier willingly turns themselves in, 片語動詞

如果士兵自願自首，

they face a dishonorable discharge,

他們將面臨不光彩退伍，

reduction to the lowest rank,

降至最低軍階，

forfeiture of all pay and allowances,

沒收所有薪酬和津貼，

and confinement for two years.

並監禁兩年。

If the soldier's apprehended by law enforcement

如果該士兵被執法部門逮捕

and does not willingly turn themselves in,

且並非自願自首，

they face the same punishments

他們將面臨同樣的懲罰，

except a three-year jail sentence instead of two.

只不過刑期從兩年變成了三年。

If,

如果，

however,

然而，

a soldier deserted in order to avoid hazardous duty or shirk important service, 用詞

一名士兵為了逃避危險任務或推卸重要勤務而逃跑，

such as a deployment to a combat zone,

例如被部署到戰區，

then they face all the previous punishments

那麼他們將面臨上述所有懲罰

and a jail sentence of five years.

以及五年的監禁。

If,

如果，

however,

然而，

a soldier deserts during a time of war,

一名士兵在戰爭時期當逃兵，

the military court has the right to sentence the soldier to death 片語搭配

軍事法庭有權判處該士兵死刑

or life in prison.

或終身監禁。

Surprisingly, 表達脈絡

令人驚訝的是，

though,

不過，

the US military very rarely ever goes after soldiers who go AWOL or desert 片語動詞

美國軍方極少追捕擅離職守或當逃兵的士兵，

and only around 5% of AWOL soldiers or deserters ever face punishment.

而且只有約5%的AWOL士兵或逃兵受到過懲罰。

Typically,

通常情況下，

only those who leave the military and then draw attention to themselves, 片語搭配

只有那些離開軍隊後又引起公眾注意的人，

such as by becoming anti-war protesters,

比如成為反戰抗議者，

are caught by law enforcement

才會被執法部門抓獲，

with the military generally happy to let a low-morale troop go

而軍方通常很樂意讓一個士氣低落的士兵離開，

and save money by simply training a new one.

並通過直接訓練新兵來節省開支。

With such attractive enlistment boons,

有了如此吸引人的入伍福利，

there's little reason for the military to waste time and money 文法

軍方幾乎沒有理由浪費時間和金錢

chasing down a deserter. 片語動詞

去追捕一個逃兵。

A new volunteer is never far away. 慣用語

新志願兵隨時都會有。

Do you think you would ever desert the military?

你覺得你有可能當逃兵嗎？

Why or why not?

為什麼會，或為什麼不會？

Let us know in the comments

請在評論區告訴我們，

and as always,

像往常一樣，

if you enjoyed this video,

如果你喜歡這個影片，

don't forget to like,

別忘了按讚、

share,

分享，

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並訂閱以獲取更多精彩內容。