為什麼你出生時沒有死 - Smarter Every Day 42：英語精讀講義

Hey, it's me Destin.

嘿，我是 Destin。

Welcome to Smarter Every Day.

歡迎收看《Smarter Every Day》。

So,

所以，

today's episode's a little bit different. 片語搭配

今天的節目有點不同。

I have a question about breathing.

我有一個關於呼吸的問題。

It's pretty simple.

非常簡單。

See, our bags are packed and we're about to go to the hospital 文法

你看，我們的行李已經打包好了，正準備去醫院

to have our third child.

迎接我們的第三個孩子。

And my question is this:

我的問題是：

How do you go from this,

怎麼能從這樣，

my baby,

我的寶寶，

in my baby,

孕育著我的寶寶，

to this?

變成這樣？

Now, 72 hours ago, my son was inside my wife,

72小時前，我的兒子還在我妻子的肚子裡，

and now he's not.

現在他出來了。

He's no longer in a liquid environment. 片語搭配

他不再處於液體環境中。

He is in a gaseous environment.

他處於氣體環境中。

So, something has to change.

所以，肯定有什麼改變了。

And in fact, it's awesome. 片語搭配

事實上，這太不可思議了。

To learn more about this, let's go and talk to somebody that's smarter than me.

為了深入了解這一點，我們去請教一下比我聰明的人。

Well, my wife could do it, but she's tired.

雖然我妻子也可以解答，但她太累了。

Goodnight

晚安。

Goodnight

晚安。

All right.

好了。

So, to figure out how babies go from living in a liquid environment 片語動詞

那麼，為了弄清楚嬰兒是如何從生活在液體環境

to an air environment,

過渡到空氣環境的，

we had to come to a smart guy's house.

我們得去一個聰明人的家。

So, we came to a doctor's house.

所以，我們來到了一位醫生的家。

Spiral staircase.

螺旋樓梯。

You know he's smart.

一看就知道他很聰明。

So, let's go check him out. 片語動詞

那麼，讓我們去看看他。

Hey, how's it going? 語氣意圖

嘿，最近好嗎？

Hey Destin.

嘿，Destin。

So, this is Dr. Schuster.

這位是 Schuster 醫生。

And Dr. Schuster is a baby delivery doctor, 用詞

Schuster 醫生是一位產科醫生，

we'll call you for the video.

為了拍影片我們就這麼叫你吧。

So, he also plays music.

他也玩音樂。

So, that lets you know that he's really, really smart. 片語搭配

這能讓你知道他真的非常非常聰明。

So, we're gonna get some info from him.

所以，我們要向他請教一些知識。

Okay, so my question is pretty simple.

好的，我的問題很簡單。

How do we go from breathing fluid inside the mother's womb 文法

嬰兒是如何從在母親子宮裡呼吸液體

to breathing air?

變成呼吸空氣的呢？

As the baby's coming out and gets squeezed as it's coming through the birth canal, 講解

當嬰兒出來並在通過產道時受到擠壓，

all that fluid that's been in the lungs,

一直存在於肺部的所有液體，

which is the urine from the baby and the poop from the baby,

也就是嬰兒的尿液和胎便，

I mean all the bad stuff, 語氣意圖

我是說所有那些髒東西，

once they get squeezed, 文法

一旦受到擠壓，

that stuff comes out and that baby takes that very first gasp, 片語搭配

那些東西就會流出來，接著嬰兒會吸入第一口氣，

that gasp of oxygen.

那口氧氣。

The thing that the baby needs that triggers huge changes in the circulation of the baby. 片語搭配

嬰兒所需的這口氧氣會引發其血液循環的巨大變化。

That's what allows everything to start working. 文法

這就是讓一切開始運轉的原因。

The baby's breathing on its own then. 片語搭配

然後嬰兒就可以自己呼吸了。

So, there's actually like a switch that's flipped or something when the baby breathes for the first time? 慣用語

所以，當嬰兒第一次呼吸時，就像撥動了開關之類的嗎？

A couple of valves that change the circulation,

是幾個改變血液循環的瓣膜，

change the plumbing, if you will, 講解

可以說改變了管道系統，

in the heart.

在心臟裡。

Really?

真的嗎？

Mhm.

嗯哼。

So, where are these valves

那麼，這些瓣膜在哪裡呢？

these valves are actually in the heart?

這些瓣膜真的在心臟裡嗎？

The top half of the heart.

心臟的上半部分。

Yeah.

是的。

There's something called the foramen ovale, 講解

有一個叫卵圓孔的結構，

which is just a big flap that sits between the right and left atrium.

它就是位於右心房和左心房之間的一塊大瓣膜。

It closes once that baby gets that first little bit of oxygen,

一旦嬰兒吸入第一口氧氣，它就會閉合，

that first breath.

也就是第一口呼吸。

Okay, so that's pretty amazing.

好的，那太神奇了。

So, the first time the baby takes a breath,

那麼，嬰兒第一次呼吸時，

and that's why that first cry is so special because that's actually the moment where the baby's autonomous. 文法

這就是為什麼第一聲啼哭如此特別，因為那實際上是嬰兒能夠獨立自主的時刻。

It's all breathing.

完全依靠自己呼吸。

Oh.

哦。

Yeah

是的，

it goes from breathing its own poop to breathing real oxygen,

從吸入自己的胎便變成了呼吸真正的氧氣，

the real nutrients that it needs for life.

也就是生命所需的真正養分。

Oh, that's awesome.

哦，那太棒了。

Thank you very much.

非常感謝。

Anytime. 語氣意圖

隨時效勞。

Glad to do it.

很高興能幫忙。

All right, we got our little man.

好了，我們的小男子漢出生了。

Let's check him out.

讓我們來看看他。

He's alive and well and his lungs are working and he's breathing air. 片語搭配

他充滿生機，狀況良好，他的肺部在正常工作，正在呼吸空氣。

Uh one thing that happened right when he came out is this right here.

呃，他剛出生時發生的一件事就在這裡。

After he started squealing a little bit,

他開始有點尖叫之後，

I could hear that... I could hear that change when he went from fluid to air.

我能聽到那個……當他從液體環境轉到空氣環境時，我能聽到那種變化。

The nurse brought him over here and she stuck this tube down his throat 講解

護士把他帶到這裡，把這根管子插進他的喉嚨，

and she started sucking amniotic fluid. 用詞

然後她開始吸羊水。

This little guy started telling us what he thought about everything. 慣用語

這個小傢伙開始告訴我們他對這一切的看法。

So, check him out.

所以，看看他。

Get in there, see his face.

靠近點，看他的臉。

Mhm.

嗯哼。

That's what I'm talking about. 語氣意圖

這正是我要表達的。

Check this out.

看看這個。

It's an ultrasound from 5 months ago when he was still in the womb.

這是5個月前他還在子宮裡時的超音波照片。

This is real data.

這可是真實的數據。

If you look close, you can see all four chambers of the heart. 用詞

如果你仔細看，你能看到心臟的全部四個心腔。

If you look even closer, you can see that little thing that Dr. Schuster was talking about. 文法

如果你再看仔細點，你能看到 Schuster 醫生所說的那個小東西。

Okay, I didn't understand that,

好吧，我沒搞懂那個，

so I had to get my wife to put it on engineering paper 文法

所以我得讓我妻子把它畫在工程圖紙上，

so I could figure it out. 文法

這樣我才能弄明白。

So, in your heart, you have four chambers and the blood as it exits the lungs,

所以，在你的心臟裡，你有四個心腔，血液離開肺部後，

it goes through the heart and it comes back to your body.

會流經心臟，然後回到你的身體各處。

And after it exits your body,

而在它離開你的身體各處後，

it goes back through the heart and then goes back to the lungs.

它會重新流經心臟，然後再回到肺部。

We all know this.

我們都知道這些。

But here's the deal with the heart before the baby comes out of the womb. 表達脈絡

但是在嬰兒出生前，心臟的運作方式是這樣的。

You have something here called the foramen ovale,

這裡有一個叫做卵圓孔的結構，

and then you have here something called the ductus arteriosus. 用詞

然後這裡還有一個叫做動脈導管的東西。

I hear you, buddy.

我聽見你了，小傢伙。

Hold on. 語氣意圖

等一下。

So, what's going on here is before birth, 表達脈絡

那麼，這裡發生的情況是，出生前，

the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus divert blood from the lungs. 用詞

卵圓孔和動脈導管將血液從肺部分流。

So, what that means is only about 7% of the blood flow goes to the lungs. 表達脈絡

這意味著只有大約7%的血液流入肺部。

Hey, Daddy's here.

嘿，爸爸在這。

Hold on.

等等。

So, basically, before birth,

所以，基本上，在出生前，

the lungs are really, really small.

肺部非常非常小。

They're not inflated because the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus,

它們沒有膨脹，因為卵圓孔和動脈導管，

which is right here,

也就是這裡，

diverts that blood flow.

分流了那些血液。

So, once it flips over,

所以，一旦發生了轉換，

the foramen ovale closes in about an hour and the ductus arteriosus goes away and becomes a ligament after about 5 days. 用詞

卵圓孔會在大約一小時內閉合，動脈導管會在大約5天後消失並退化成一條韌帶。

I think this is really awesome.

我覺得這真是太神奇了。

You can see that the blood flow goes back to 100% for the lungs.

你可以看到流入肺部的血流恢復到了100%。

And the...

然後...

all right I can get him.

好吧，我來抱他。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在變得越來越聰明。

The nurses are gone.

護士們都走了。

So, I started messing around with their stuff. 片語動詞

所以，我開始擺弄她們的設備。

Whoa.

哇。

Check that out.

看看那個。

All right.

好了。

Now we turn on a super light?

現在我們打開一個超級燈？

And this is this is active tracking. 用詞

這是……這是主動追蹤。

Are you asleep?

你睡著了嗎？

Not anymore. 語氣意圖

現在沒睡了。

Just bear with me. 慣用語

忍耐一下。

Look at this.

看這個。

I found a magic wand.

我找到了一根魔杖。

What?

什麼？

All right, so watch this.

好了，看這個。

So, there's a big light spot.

所以，這裡有個大光斑。

And if I hold the magic wand at the light spot

如果我把魔杖停在光斑處，

and I start blinking away, 片語動詞

然後我開始閃動離開，

the lights will follow the magic wand.

燈光就會跟著魔杖移動。

It tracks it.

它在追蹤魔杖。

So, it's actively tracking this bulb.

所以，它在主動追蹤這個燈泡。