各國最富有的人：英語精讀講義

Here at The Infographics Show,

在《The Infographics Show》，

we've mainly discussed what life might be like for the extremely wealthy 文法

我們之前主要討論了超級富豪的生活可能會是什麼樣，

and even discussed some of the world's billionaires,

甚至還討論了一些世界級的億萬富翁，

many of whom live in one country, 文法

他們中的許多人都住在一個國家，

the United States.

那就是美國。

But there are approximately 2,043 billionaires worldwide

但全球大約有2043位億萬富翁，

with a lot of countries having at least one billionaire. 文法

很多國家至少都有一位。

China is home to the most billionaires in the world at 647 people, 片語搭配

中國是世界上億萬富翁最多的國家，多達647人，

and the surprising thing is

而且令人驚訝的是，

many of these people have amassed their fortunes 片語搭配

他們中的許多人都是在，

in a relatively short amount of time.

相對較短的時間內累積了這些財富。

The US is second on the list with 550 billionaires,

美國以550位億萬富翁位居第二，

and way behind in the low hundreds is Germany and India, 用詞

遠遠落後、人數在一百左右的是德國和印度，

followed by Russia at 96. 文法

緊隨其後的是俄羅斯，有96人。

There are also many countries that have no billionaires,

還有很多國家雖然沒有億萬富翁，

but they obviously have a richest person.

但他們顯然也有自己的首富。

Today we move all over the globe

今天我們將走遍全球，

in search of the rich. 片語搭配

去尋找那些富豪。

In this episode of The Infographics Show,

在這一期的《The Infographics Show》中，

richest people around the world.

我們將盤點世界各國的首富。

We'll start with Belgium

我們先從比利時開始，

and the accolade goes to Albert Baron Frere, 片語搭配

這個榮譽屬於Albert Baron Frere，

a 92-year-old businessman that started off in the steel business 片語動詞

這位92歲的商人從鋼鐵生意起家，

and later invested in a whole host of industries. 片語搭配

隨後投資了眾多行業。

His worth is currently $6.3 billion.

他目前的淨資產為63億美元。

Over in France,

來到法國，

the richest person is Bernard Arnault.

首富是Bernard Arnault。

The 68-year-old's accumulated wealth is a staggering $73.3 billion.

這位68歲的富豪累積的財富高達驚人的733億美元。

He made his money in luxury goods, 片語搭配

他靠精品發家，

which seems like a very Frenchy way to get rich.

這似乎是一種非常具有法國特色的致富方式。

Next up, South Africa,

接下來是南非，

and the award goes to 72-year-old Nicolas F. Oppenheimer.

首富的桂冠落在了72歲的Nicolas F. Oppenheimer頭上。

He made most of his money in precious stones

他的大部分財富來自於寶石行業，

as the former chairman of De Beers Diamond Mining Company

曾擔任戴比爾斯鑽石礦業公司（De Beers Diamond Mining Company）

and also the Diamond Trading Company.

以及鑽石貿易公司（Diamond Trading Company）的董事長。

According to Forbes,

根據富比士的數據，

he is worth $7.7 billion.

他的身價為77億美元。

He's not the richest person on the continent of Africa, though. 文法

不過，他並不是非洲大陸的首富。

That title goes to Nigerian Aliko Dangote.

這個頭銜屬於奈及利亞的Aliko Dangote。

A cement and commodities king worth $12.2 billion.

他是一位水泥和大宗商品之王，身價達122億美元。

Over to Asia and Pakistan.

現在轉到亞洲的巴基斯坦。

This isn't an easy one and many sources give very different answers.

要確定這裡的首富並不容易，很多消息來源給出了大相徑庭的答案。

This might be because big business in the country is often shared by entire families. 文法

這可能是因為該國的大企業往往由整個家族共同擁有。

Is it Malik Riaz with a net worth of $2 billion 文法

是淨資產達20億美元的Malik Riaz，

or is it Shahid Khan who owns an American football and a British soccer team?

還是擁有一支美式足球隊和一支英國足球隊的Shahid Khan呢？

He's actually now an American citizen, though,

儘管他現在實際上是美國公民，

but said to be the richest person of Pakistani origin 用詞

但據說他是巴基斯坦裔的首富，

and now worth around $8.7 billion.

目前身價約為87億美元。

Hopefully Finland will be less confusing.

希望芬蘭的情況不會這麼令人困惑。

It seems the accolade goes to Antti Herlin,

看來這項榮譽歸屬於Antti Herlin，

a 61-year-old who made a lot of his $4.6 billion

這位61歲的富豪擁有46億美元的資產，其中很大一部分

in elevators and escalators,

來自於電梯和電扶梯業務，

but also maintenance and manufacturing.

同時也涉及維護和製造領域。

Now to the United Arab Emirates

現在來到阿拉伯聯合大公國，

and the richest man there is Majid Al Futtaim.

當地首富是Majid Al Futtaim。

He's said to be the richest person in the Middle East 文法

據說他是中東地區的首富，

with a net worth of $10.9 billion. 片語搭配

淨資產達109億美元。

But that source was probably wrong

但這個消息來源可能出錯了，

as it seems Saudi Arabia's Prince Alwaleed bin Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

因為看來沙烏地阿拉伯的Alwaleed bin Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud王子

has a worth of $25.5 billion.

身價達到了255億美元。

Mr. Majid made his cash with the Majid Al Futtaim Group,

Majid先生透過Majid Al Futtaim Group賺取了他的財富，

which built some really impressive malls around the world.

該集團在世界各地建造了一些令人印象深刻的購物中心。

Far away in Denmark,

在遙遠的丹麥，

the richest person is 70-year-old Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen,

首富是70歲的Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen，

a person who holds a place in all of our hearts 慣用語

這個人在我們所有人的心中都佔有一席之地，

because he's part of the family that created LEGO.

因為他是創造樂高（LEGO）家族的一員。

He's said to be worth $23.6 billion now

據說他現在的身價達到了236億美元，

thanks to those little colorful plastic bricks.

這都要歸功於那些彩色的小塑膠積木。

Across the world in New Zealand,

跨過半個地球來到紐西蘭，

the richest geezer we could find is Graeme Richard Hart, 用詞

我們能找到的最富有的老兄是Graeme Richard Hart，

a man who is a whiz at buying companies in trouble 片語搭配

他是一位收購陷入困境的公司

and making them very profitable.

並使其變得非常賺錢的奇才。

The 62-year-old left school at 16 and became a panel beater.

這位62歲的富豪16歲就輟學當了板金工。

He's now worth around $9.5 billion.

他現在的身價約為95億美元。

In Norway, sources also disagree,

關於挪威的情況，各方消息同樣存在分歧，

so we went right to a Norwegian publication ran in English.

所以我們直接參考了一份用英文出版的挪威刊物。

According to that publication,

根據該刊物報導，

it is easily John Fredriksen,

首富毫無疑問是John Fredriksen，

who is worth around $13 billion.

他的身價約為130億美元。

He made most of his cash as owner of the largest oil tanker fleet,

他作為最大的油輪船隊的擁有者賺取了大部分資金，

but it seems this man now lives in London

但似乎這個人現在住在倫敦，

and is a Cypriot citizen.

而且是賽普勒斯公民。

So it could be Odd Reitan,

所以也有可能是Odd Reitan，

a supermarket guy worth about half of what Fredriksen is worth. 文法

這位超市大亨的身價約為Fredriksen的一半。

Now we head to Romania and meet a once-top-ranking tennis and ice hockey player.

現在我們前往羅馬尼亞，見一見一位曾經是頂尖網球和冰球選手的富豪。

It's said he's now worth about $1 million

據說他現在的身價約為100萬美元，

and made much of that money going into business after retiring from tennis. 片語搭配

其中的大部分資金是他從網球界退休後下海經商賺來的。

Over to Ireland,

來到愛爾蘭，

a favorite place of Apple Inc.

這是蘋果公司（Apple Inc.）青睞的地方。

According to Forbes,

根據富比士的報導，

the richest person there is Pallonji Shapoorji Mistry,

那裡的首富是Pallonji Shapoorji Mistry，

an Indian-born construction magnate worth $18.7 billion.

這位出生於印度的建築業巨頭身價達187億美元。

He married an Irish gal,

他娶了一位愛爾蘭女孩，

but right now the 89-year-old lives in Mumbai.

但目前這位89歲的老人住在孟買。

Over in Mexico,

來到墨西哥，

we have one of the richest persons in the world with 78-year-old Carlos Slim Helu,

我們看到了世界上最富有的人之一，78歲的Carlos Slim Helu，

worth around $70.7 billion.

身價約為707億美元。

He's had his hands in just about every industry you can imagine. 慣用語

他幾乎涉足了你能想到的每一個行業。

He's said to be worth about 6% of Mexico's GDP.

據說他的資產約佔墨西哥國內生產毛額的6%。

In Poland, the accolade goes to Sebastian Kulczyk,

在波蘭，首富的榮譽屬於Sebastian Kulczyk，

son of Jan,

他是Jan的兒子，

who used to be the richest. 文法

Jan曾經是波蘭首富。

Their money came from Kulczyk Investments

他們的錢來自Kulczyk Investments，

and it's thought the son is now worth in the region of $3.9 billion, 片語搭配

人們認為這位兒子現在的身價在39億美元左右，

but this is also shared with his sister Dominika.

但這是他與妹妹Dominika共同擁有的。

Not too far away in Sweden,

在不遠的瑞典，

it seems there is no doubt that the richest person is 70-year-old Stefan Persson.

毫無疑問，首富是70歲的Stefan Persson。

He's worth $18.9 billion

他的身價為189億美元，

and was fortunate enough to take over the fashion company H&M, 片語動詞

而且很幸運地接管了其父親創立的

which his father had built.

時尚公司H&M。

Far away in the Far East, 文化背景

在遙遠的遠東地區，

we have Indonesia.

我們來到了印尼。

Forbes tells us the richest there are two brothers who made their money from tobacco,

富比士告訴我們，那裡最富有的是兩兄弟，他們靠菸草、

electronics and banking.

電子和銀行業發家致富。

Together, it's said they are worth $32.3 billion.

據說兩人的總身價為323億美元。

Staying in Asia,

留在亞洲，

we go to Singapore,

我們去新加坡，

a nation that wasn't so prosperous not too long ago,

這個國家在不久前還不是那麼繁榮，

relatively speaking. 表達脈絡

相對而言。

Again, we have two brothers,

再次登場的是兩兄弟，

Robert and Philip Ng.

Robert Ng和Philip Ng。

These property magnates are worth around $10.9 billion.

這兩位房地產巨頭的身價約為109億美元。

Far away in the Netherlands,

遠在荷蘭，

the prize goes to someone whose name you might know,

首富的桂冠落到了一個你可能知道名字的人頭上，

that is Charlene de Carvalho Heineken.

那就是Charlene de Carvalho Heineken。

Yes, she controls most of the beer company Heineken

是的，她控制著啤酒公司海尼根（Heineken）的大部分股權，

and is worth about $15.4 billion.

身價約為154億美元。

In Malaysia,

在馬來西亞，

the winner is 94-year-old Robert Kuok,

勝出者是94歲的Robert Kuok，

who made his dough in palm oil, 用詞

他透過棕櫚油、

shipping and property.

航運和房地產賺到了錢。

He's thought to be worth $13.82 billion.

大家認為他的身價為138.2億美元。

Staying in Southeast Asia,

繼續留在東南亞，

we head to the Philippines.

我們前往菲律賓。

The richest is Henry T. Sy,

最富有的是Henry T. Sy，

though at 93, he might not be with us much longer. 慣用語

儘管已經93歲高齡，他可能陪伴我們的時間不多了。

Mr. Sy is worth $21.7 billion.

Sy先生的身價為217億美元。

He made his money in retail and started out working in his family's convenience store.

他透過零售業賺錢，起初是在他家的便利商店工作。

Far away in the colder climate of Germany,

遠在氣候較為寒冷的德國，

there are lots of billionaires,

有很多億萬富翁，

but the richest of them all is a brother and sister duo.

但其中最富有的是一對兄妹組合。

They are Beate Heister and Karl Albrecht Jr.

他們是Beate Heister和Karl Albrecht Jr.。

They amassed a fortune of $31.1 billion

他們透過以極具競爭力的價格銷售超市商品，

from selling supermarket goods at very competitive prices.

累積了311億美元的財富。

That supermarket is called Aldi.

那家超市叫作阿爾迪（Aldi）。

Down under in the country of Australia, 文化背景

在地球南半球的澳洲，

the richest person is a sheila and she is called Gina Rinehart.

首富是一位女性，她叫Gina Rinehart。

Her worth is around $17.7 billion.

她的身價約為177億美元。

She made her money in iron ore.

她靠鐵礦砂賺到了錢。

Because the price of this commodity goes up and down a lot, 片語搭配

因為這種商品的價格波動很大，

her fortune constantly fluctuates.

她的財富也經常上下波動。

Another former part of the British Empire,

另一個前大英帝國的一部分，

Canada, and the richest person is the baron David Thomson.

加拿大，這裡的首富是男爵David Thomson。

He took over the Thomson Corporation,

他接管了Thomson Corporation，

a once-powerful information business.

這是一家曾經實力雄厚的資訊企業。

You might have heard of Thomson Reuters.

你可能聽說過湯森路透（Thomson Reuters）。

The business now has long arms into other areas of industry 慣用語

該企業的業務範圍現在已經深入其他工業領域，

and the 60-year-old David is said to be worth around $27.2 billion.

據說這位60歲的David身價約為272億美元。

And in the country of India,

在印度這個國家，

where we've seen massive wealth grow for individuals in recent years,

近年來我們看到了個人財富的大規模成長，

the richest person is 60-year-old business magnate Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani.

首富是60歲的商業巨頭Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani。

Much of that money came from oil and gas

他的大部分資金來自石油和天然氣領域，

and he's said to be worth $41.8 billion.

據說他的身價達到了418億美元。

Now to the former home of the empire itself

現在來到大英帝國曾經的本土

and the United Kingdom,

也就是英國，

that's said to be the Hinduja family and four siblings called Srichand,

據說首富是Hinduja家族以及名叫Srichand、

Gopichand, Prakash and Ashok.

Gopichand、Prakash和Ashok的四兄妹。

The family business,

這家家族企業的業務，

which is very diversified,

非常多樣化，

is said to be worth around $19.7 billion.

據說價值約為197億美元。

The Fab Four were actually born in Karachi, 文化背景

這出色的四人其實出生在喀拉蚩，

then a part of British India,

那裡當時屬於英屬印度，

now a part of Pakistan.

現在屬於巴基斯坦。

They soon learned how to make money in trading

他們很快學會了如何在貿易

and exports and haven't stopped making tons of cash since. 文法

和出口中賺錢，從那以後就一直源源不絕地賺取巨額利潤。

Last on the list is the United States

名單上的最後一個是美國，

and it seems we have a new boy on the list

似乎我們名單上出現了一個新面孔，

after a fairly long run,

此前經歷了相當長的一段時間，

uninterrupted from time to time,

有時更是連續不間斷的時期，

for Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates.

首富之位一直被微軟共同創辦人Bill Gates佔據。

Bill is actually off the number one spot for now 片語搭配

Bill目前確實跌落了榜首的位置，

and the current holder of the richest person in America

現任的美國

and the world is Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos.

乃至世界首富，是亞馬遜（Amazon.com）的創辦人Jeff Bezos。

As of February 2018, 片語搭配

截至2018年2月，

the 54-year-old was worth a staggering $120.4 billion

這位54歲的富豪身價達到了驚人的1204億美元，

compared to Gates's $91.1 billion.

相比之下，Gates的身價為911億美元。

Bezos's wealth has skyrocketed due to a lot of savvy investments 講解

由於大量的精明投資，

as well as from his Amazon shares.

以及他所持有的亞馬遜股份，Bezos的財富一路飆升。

That's a long list.

這是一份很長的名單。

So why not tell us what you think about it? 語氣意圖

那麼，為什麼不告訴我們你的想法呢？

Should individual people be allowed to amass that much wealth? 文法

應該允許個人累積這麼多的財富嗎？

Is it fair to the average Joe? 慣用語

這對普通老百姓公平嗎？

Let us know in the comments.

在留言區告訴我們吧。

Also, be sure to check out our other video called

另外，一定要去看看我們的另一個影片，名為

What Can You Buy with a Million Dollars?

《一百萬美元能買到什麼？》

Thanks for watching and as always,

感謝您的觀看，像往常一樣，

don't forget to like, share and subscribe.

別忘了按讚、分享和訂閱。

See you next time.

下次見。