什麼是「去成長」？ ⏲️ 6 Minute English：英語精讀講義

Six Minute English

6分鐘英語

from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自 bbclearningenglish.com。

Hello and welcome to Six Minute English

大家好，歡迎收聽《6分鐘英語》，

from BBC Learning English.

節目來自BBC英語教學。

I'm Phil and today we have Hannah joining us

我是 Phil，今天 Hannah 也再次加入了我們，

again from BBC podcast What in the World.

她來自BBC Podcast《What in the World》。

Welcome, Hannah.

歡迎妳，Hannah。

Hey, Phil.

嘿，Phil。

It is so great to be back here.

很高興又回到這裡。

So, I'm wondering, 語氣意圖

所以我在想，

do you do things that you think are good for the planet? 片語搭配

你會做一些你認為對地球有益的事情嗎？

Oh, I try,

噢，我盡量做，

but I don't think I do enough. 語氣意圖

但我覺得我做得還不夠。

So, maybe I cycle more than I drive 文法

所以，或許我騎車比開車多，

and I try to recycle things,

我也努力回收物品，

but I should be doing a lot more. 文法

但我應該做得更多。

But some people think that to deal with climate change, 片語搭配

不過有些人認為，要應對氣候變遷，

we can't just rely on individuals. 片語搭配

我們不能僅僅依賴個人。

Phil, it's not up to you and me. 慣用語

Phil，這不僅僅是你我能決定的。

We need to actually change the way our economy works 片語搭配

我們真的需要改變經濟運作的方式，

and this is an idea called degrowth 文法

這個理念被稱為「去成長」（degrowth），

and we've been investigating it at What in the World

我們在《What in the World》中一直在調查這個概念，

and we're going to learn a bit more about it today. 表達脈絡

今天我們將對它進行更多的了解。

But first,

但首先，

our quiz question.

我們的測驗題。

World leaders promised in 2015

2015年世界各國領導人承諾

to limit global temperature rises, 片語搭配

限制全球氣溫上升，

but what was the limit they agreed to?

但他們同意的限制值是多少呢？

Was it A, 1.5°C,

是 A，1.5°C，

B, 2.5°C,

B，2.5°C，

or C, 3.5°C?

還是 C，3.5°C？

I think I know this one, Phil.

我覺得我知道這道題，Phil。

I think it's 1.5°C.

我認為是 1.5°C。

Oh, okay.

噢，好的。

We'll find out the answer 片語動詞

我們會在節目後面

later in the program.

揭曉答案。

So, Hannah,

那麼，Hannah，

you've been researching degrowth.

妳一直在研究「去成長」。

What does that mean?

那是什麼意思呢？

Well, Phil,

嗯，Phil，

traditionally governments have always wanted to grow the economy. 片語搭配

傳統上，政府總是希望發展經濟。

More money, 表達脈絡

更多的錢，

more jobs,

更多的工作機會，

more stuff.

更多的產品。

But degrowth is a different way of thinking about things. 片語搭配

但「去成長」是一種不同的思考方式。

Some people say that to tackle the climate crisis, 片語搭配

有人說，要解決氣候危機，

we need to stop our economies from growing. 文法

我們必須停止經濟成長。

We need to stop using and making more

我們需要停止過度使用和製造，

and focus on using fewer of the Earth's natural resources. 片語搭配

而是專注於減少對地球自然資源的使用。

The people who support the idea of degrowth

支持「去成長」理念的人

are often called degrowthers. 文法

通常被稱為「去成長主義者」（degrowthers）。

Right.

對。

Okay.

好的。

So, degrowthers argue we should make

所以，「去成長主義者」主張我們應該製造

and use less stuff.

並使用更少的東西。

Yes, mostly.

是的，基本上是這樣。

It's a little bit more complex than that, 語氣意圖

不過情況比那稍微複雜一點，

and I spoke to BBC journalist Alvaro Alvarez,

我採訪了BBC記者 Alvaro Alvarez，

who told me more about the idea.

他向我詳細介紹了這個理念。

So, degrowth is not saying that we need to reduce everything. 表達脈絡

所以，「去成長」並不是說我們需要減少一切。

It's saying that we need to decrease

它是說我們需要減少

some elements of our production 用詞

生產中的某些部分，

that are not beneficial. 用詞

那些沒有益處的部分。

An example of those elements would be fast fashion, 文化背景

這些部分的一個例子就是快時尚，

um, private jets,

呃，私人飛機，

the beef and meat industry.

以及牛肉和肉類產業。

So, it's not about decreasing everything.

所以，這不是要減少所有的東西。

Alvaro says that degrowthers believe we should reduce

Alvaro 說，去成長主義者認為我們應該減少

some elements of production.

某些生產部分（elements of production）。

An element of something is a part of something. 表達脈絡

某物的 element 指的是它的一部分。

And according to Alvaro, 表達脈絡

而根據 Alvaro 的說法，

these elements of production

生產的這些部分

are not believed to be beneficial. 文法

被認為是沒有益處的。

If something's beneficial,

如果某物是 beneficial（有益的），

it's useful or good.

說明它是有用的或好的。

One example of a kind of production

去成長主義者不贊成的一種生產方式

that degrowthers disagree with is fast fashion. 片語搭配

的一個例子就是快時尚。

Fast fashion refers to clothes 片語搭配

快時尚指的是衣服

that are made very cheaply and quickly

製作成本極低且速度極快，

so that customers can afford to buy new outfits more often. 講解

這樣顧客就能更頻繁地買得起新衣服。

Exactly.

完全正確。

And before we go any further, 表達脈絡

在我們繼續深入之前，

many economists do not think that degrowth is a good idea.

許多經濟學家並不認為「去成長」是個好主意。

Some of them argue that it would create more poverty

他們中的一些人認為這會導致更多貧困，

and some economists believe degrowth

而有些經濟學家相信，「去成長」

would actually make it harder 文法

實際上會讓解決氣候危機

to solve the climate crisis.

變得更加困難。

For example,

例如，

Professor Sam Fankhauser,

Sam Fankhauser 教授，

an economist at Cambridge University

劍橋大學的經濟學家，

in the UK,

在英國，

spoke to you on What in the World

在《What in the World》節目中接受了妳的採訪，

and he argues that degrowth could limit innovation. 片語搭配

他認為「去成長」可能會限制創新。

I think degrowth,

我覺得「去成長」，

uh, underestimates the power of innovation. 用詞

呃，低估了創新的力量。

Degrowth underestimates the need for investment 片語搭配

「去成長」低估了投資的必要性，

that we need in new technology

那是我們在新技術

and in new, uh, solutions.

和新的、呃，解決方案中所需的。

And degrowth underestimates

而且「去成長」也低估了

the social sort of, uh, feasibility 用詞

那種社會的、呃，可行性，

of what they propose.

關於他們所提議的內容。

So, Professor Fankhauser thinks that degrowth

所以，Fankhauser 教授認為，「去成長」

underestimates many things such as innovation.

低估了許多事情，比如創新。

If you underestimate something,

如果你 underestimate（低估）某事，

you don't understand the true importance or size of it.

說明你不了解它的真正重要性或規模。

Another factor that Professor Fankhauser says is underestimated by degrowthers

Fankhauser 教授說被去成長主義者低估的另一個因素

is the feasibility of social change.

是社會變革的 feasibility（可行性）。

Feasibility means the possibility that something can be achieved. 用詞

Feasibility 指的是某事能夠實現的可能性。

It comes from the adjective feasible.

它來源於形容詞 feasible（可行的）。

For example, I could say that I think it's feasible 文法

例如，我可以這樣說，我覺得它是 feasible（可行的）——

for us to finish this podcast in 6 minutes.

指我們在6分鐘內完成這個 Podcast。

I think we can do it.

我想我們能做到。

Well, Phil,

嗯，Phil，

we're going to have to get a move on. 慣用語

我們得抓緊時間了。

I think it's time to hear the answer to your quiz question. 表達脈絡

我想是時候聽聽你的測驗題答案了。

I asked how much world leaders

我剛才問了世界各國領導人

agreed to limit global temperature rises to. 片語搭配

同意將全球氣溫上升限制在多少以內。

The answer is 1.5°C,

答案是 1.5°C，

which scientists believe is needed

科學家認為這是防止產生最嚴重影響

to stop the worst impacts of climate change. 片語搭配

的氣候變遷所必需的。

I got it right. 片語搭配

我答對了。

Okay,

好了，

so let's recap some of the vocabulary we've learned 表達脈絡

讓我們複習一下我們學到的一些詞彙，

starting with degrowth, 表達脈絡

從 degrowth（去成長）開始，

which is the economic idea

這是一個經濟理念，

that we should use and make less stuff.

認為我們應該使用和製造更少的東西。

An element of something means a part of something.

某物的 element 指的是它的一部分。

Beneficial means useful or good.

Beneficial 意思是有用的或好的。

Fast fashion refers to clothes

Fast fashion（快時尚）指的是衣服

that are made cheaply and quickly

製作成本低廉且快速，

so that people can buy them more often.

這樣人們就能更頻繁地購買它們。

And if you underestimate something,

如果你 underestimate（低估）某物，

you don't understand the true importance or size of it.

就是你不明白它的真正重要性或規模。

The feasibility of something is the likelihood

某事的 feasibility（可行性）是指

that it can be achieved.

它被實現的可能性。

We can also describe something as feasible 用詞

我們也可以用 feasible（可行的）來形容某事，

or unfeasible.

或者 unfeasible（不可行的）。

We can do it

即我們能做成，

or we can't do it.

或者是我們做不成。

Phil,

Phil，

once again,

又一次，

our 6 minutes are up, 慣用語

我們的6分鐘時間到了，

but there is just a little bit more time

但還有一點點時間

for me to tell you more about my podcast

讓我給大家多介紹一下我的 Podcast

What in the World.

《What in the World》。

We have a new episode every single weekday 片語搭配

我們每個工作日都有一期新節目，

and we talk about the news,

我們談論新聞、

trending topics,

熱門話題，

In fact, 表達脈絡

事實上，

it's a great place to come and learn some new vocabulary

這是一個來學習新詞彙的好地方，

about things that are happening in the world.

了解世界上正在發生的事情。

Yes,

是的，

if you found this episode interesting, 文法

如果你覺得這期節目很有趣，

try watching What in the World 文法

試著觀看《What in the World》

on YouTube with subtitles to practice your English.

在 YouTube 上帶著字幕以練習你的英語。

There's a link in the notes for this episode 文化背景

本期節目的說明裡有連結，

and don't forget to try the quiz and worksheet at bbclearningenglish.com. 語氣意圖

別忘了在 bbclearningenglish.com 嘗試做測驗題和學習單。

Phil,

Phil，

thank you so much for having me again on Six Minute English. 語氣意圖

非常感謝你再次邀請我來《6分鐘英語》。

Bye for now.

先說到這裡啦。

Bye.

再見。

Six Minute English

6分鐘英語

from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自 bbclearningenglish.com。