哈莉特·塔布曼驚人的勇氣 - 珍妮爾·霍布森：英語精讀講義

Escaping slavery, 表達脈絡

逃離奴役，

risking everything to save her family,

賭上一切去拯救家人，

leading a military raid,

領導軍事突襲，

championing the cause of women's suffrage, 文化背景

捍衛女性的選舉權，

these are just a handful of the accomplishments 片語搭配

這些僅僅是成就的一小部分，

of one of America's most courageous heroes.

屬於美國最勇敢的英雄之一。

Harriet Tubman was born Araminta Ross

哈莉特·塔布曼本名阿拉明塔·羅斯，

in Dorchester County, Maryland

出生於馬里蘭州多切斯特縣，

in the early 1820s.

在19世紀20年代初。

Born into chattel slavery, 文化背景

出生於動產奴隸制家庭，

Araminta or Minty was the fifth of nine children.

阿拉明塔（或稱明蒂）是九個孩子中的老五。

Two of Minty's older sisters

明蒂的兩個姊姊

were sold to a chain gang. 文化背景

被賣去做了苦役。

Even as a small child,

即使在年幼時，

Minty was hired out to different owners 片語動詞

明蒂也被租給不同的奴隸主，

who subjected her to whippings and punishments. 片語搭配

遭受著鞭打與懲罰。

Young Minty's life changed forever 表達脈絡

小明蒂的生活被永遠改變了，

on an errand to a neighborhood store.

在去附近商店跑腿的時候。

There, an overseer threw a 2-lb weight 文化背景

在那裡，一名監工扔出一個2磅重的砝碼

at a fugitive enslaved person, 用詞

砸向一名逃亡的奴隸，

missed, and struck Minty instead.

卻沒砸中，反而砸到了明蒂。

Her injury caused her to experience sleeping spells, 文法

她的傷導致她經常陷入昏睡，

which we know of today as narcolepsy, 文法

也就是我們今天所說的嗜睡症，

for the rest of her life.

伴隨了她的一生。

Minty's owner tried to sell her,

明蒂的奴隸主試圖賣掉她，

but there were no buyers

但是沒有人願意買

for an enslaved person who fell into sleeping spells. 片語搭配

一個經常陷入昏睡的奴隸。

She was instead put to work 片語搭配

於是她被安排去幹活，

with her father, Ben Ross,

跟著她的父親本·羅斯，

who taught her how to lumber. 用詞

他教她如何伐木。

Lumbering increased Minty's physical strength

伐木增強了明蒂的體力，

and put her in touch with free black sailors 講解

也讓她接觸到了自由黑人水手，

who shipped the wood to the north.

他們負責將木材運往北方。

From them, Minty learned about the secret communications 文化背景

從他們那裡，明蒂了解到秘密通訊

that occurred along trade routes,

沿貿易路線發生，

information that would prove invaluable 文法

這一信息將被證明是無價的，

later in her life.

在她後來的生活中。

In this mixed atmosphere

在這種混合的氛圍中，

of free and enslaved blacks working side by side, 文化背景

自由黑人和奴隸黑人並肩工作，

Minty met John Tubman,

明蒂遇到了約翰·塔布曼，

a free black man she married in 1844.

一名自由黑人，她在1844年嫁給了他。

After marriage,

婚後，

she renamed herself Harriet after her mother. 片語搭配

她以母親的名字將自己改名為哈莉特。

Harriet Tubman's owner died in 1849.

哈莉特·塔布曼的奴隸主死於1849年。

When his widow planned to sell off 片語動詞

當他的遺孀計畫賣掉

her enslaved human beings,

她手下的奴隸時，

Harriet feared she would be sold away 片語搭配

哈莉特害怕自己會被賣掉，

from everyone she loved.

遠離她愛的人。

She had heard of an underground railroad, 文化背景

她聽說過地下鐵道，

a secret network of safe houses, 表達脈絡

一個由安全屋組成的秘密網絡，

boat captains, and wagon drivers

船長和馬車伕

willing to harbor fugitive enslaved people 用詞

願意庇護逃亡的奴隸，

on their way north.

幫助他們前往北方。

So, Tubman fled with two of her brothers,

於是，塔布曼和她的兩個兄弟逃跑了，

Ben and Harry.

本和哈利。

They eventually turned back, 片語動詞

他們最終折返了，

fearing they were lost.

害怕自己迷路了。

But in one of her sleeping spells,

但在一次昏睡中，

Harriet dreamed that she could fly like a bird. 慣用語

哈莉特夢見自己能像鳥一樣飛翔。

Looking down below,

俯視下方，

she saw the path to liberation. 慣用語

她看到了通往解放的道路。

And in the autumn of 1849,

1849年秋天，

she set out on her own, 片語動詞

她獨自出發，

following the North Star to Pennsylvania 文化背景

循著北極星前往賓夕法尼亞州

and to freedom.

和自由之地。

Tubman returned to the South 13 times

塔布曼13次回南方，

to free her niece, brothers,

為了解救她的姪女、兄弟、

parents, and many others.

父母和許多其他人。

She earned the nickname Black Moses 文化背景

她贏得了「黑人摩西」的綽號，

and worked diligently with fellow abolitionists 文化背景

並與廢奴主義同仁勤勉合作，

to help enslaved people escape,

幫助奴隸逃跑，

first to the north and later to Canada.

先是去北方，後來去加拿大。

Harriet Tubman worked as a Union Army nurse, 文化背景

哈莉特·塔布曼曾擔任聯邦軍護士、

scout, and spy during the Civil War.

偵察員，並在內戰期間擔任間諜。

In 1863, she became the first woman 文法

1863年，她成為第一位女性

in United States history

在美國歷史上

to plan and lead a military raid,

策劃並領導軍事突襲的人，

liberating nearly 700 enslaved persons 文法

解放了近700名奴隸，

in South Carolina.

在南卡羅來納州。

After the war, the 13th Amendment 文化背景

戰後，第13修正案

to the United States Constitution

對美國憲法的修改

legally abolished slavery,

在法律上廢除了奴隸制，

while the 14th expanded citizenship

第14修正案擴大了公民權，

and the 15th gave voting rights

第15修正案賦予了選舉權

to formerly enslaved black men.

給曾經被奴役的黑人男性。

But she was undaunted 表達脈絡

但她毫不畏懼，

and she persisted.

並堅持了下來。

She raised funds for formerly enslaved persons 片語搭配

她為曾經的奴隸籌集資金，

and helped build schools and a hospital

幫助建立學校和一家醫院，

on their behalf. 片語搭配

為他們謀取利益。

In 1888, Tubman became more active

1888年，塔布曼變得更加活躍，

in the fight for women's right to vote. 片語搭配

在爭取婦女投票權的鬥爭中。

In 1896, she appeared at the founding convention

1896年，她出席了成立大會，

of the National Association of Colored Women 文化背景

全國有色人種婦女協會的，

in Washington, DC

在華盛頓特區，

and later at a woman’s suffrage meeting

後來在一次婦女選舉權會議上，

in Rochester, New York.

在紐約羅切斯特。

There she told the audience,

在那裡她告訴聽眾，

"I was a conductor on the Underground Railroad 慣用語

"我是地下鐵道的乘務員，

and I can say what many others cannot. 文法

我說得出許多其他人無法說出的話。

I never ran my train off the track 慣用語

我從未讓我的列車脫軌，

and I never lost a passenger."

也從未丟失過一名乘客。"

As her fame grew, 文法

隨著她名氣越來越大，

various friends and allies helped her

各種各樣的朋友和盟友幫助她，

in the fight to collect a veteran's pension 文化背景

爭取老兵的養老金，

for her service in the Union Army.

以表彰她在聯邦軍中的服役。

In 1899, she was finally granted $20 a month. 用詞

1899年，她終於每月獲得了20美元。

In a fitting twist of fate, 慣用語

命運奇妙的轉折是，

the United States Treasury announced in 2016 文化背景

美國財政部在2016年宣布，

that Tubman's image will appear

塔布曼的頭像將出現

on a redesigned $20 bill.

在重新設計的20美元鈔票上。

Harriet Tubman died on March 10th, 1913.

哈莉特·塔布曼於1913年3月10日去世。

Even on her deathbed at age 91, 片語搭配

即使91歲臨終前，

she kept the freedom of her people in mind. 片語搭配

她依然掛念著她的人民的自由。

Her final words were,

她的遺言是，

"I go away to prepare a place for you." 文化背景

"我先走一步，去為你們準備一個地方。"

If you're inspired by Harriet Tubman's life and work,

如果你受到哈莉特·塔布曼一生和工作的啟發，

we highly recommend the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, 講解

我們強烈推薦榮獲普立茲獎的小說，

The Underground Railroad.

《地下鐵道》。

This wildly inventive and courageous book

這本極具創造力且充滿勇氣的書

follows protagonist Cora 用詞

講述了主人公科拉

through the trials and horrors 片語搭配

歷經考驗和恐怖

of escaping slavery in the South.

逃離南方奴役的故事。

You can download an audio version of the book

你可以下載這本書的音頻版本，

for free at audible.com/ted-ed.

在 audible.com/teded 免費下載。

Every free trial created encourages Audible

每個免費試用都會鼓勵 Audible

to continue supporting TED-Ed's nonprofit

繼續支持 TED-Ed 的非營利

mission.

使命。