盜賣文物的犯罪交易 ⏲️ 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自bbclearningenglish.com的6分鐘英語。

Hello,

你好，

this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

這是來自BBC英語教學的6分鐘英語。

I'm Neil.

我是尼爾。

And I'm Beth.

我是貝絲。

Neil,

尼爾，

what is the oldest thing you have at home?

你家裡最古老的東西是什麼？

Oh,

哦，

well,

嗯，

I do have some books from when I was a child. 文法

我確實有一些小時候的書。

I have um a rocking horse that was my dad's.

我有一匹我爸爸的搖搖馬。

So that is quite old.

所以那相當古老了。

But neither of these are anywhere near as old as the 1,800 year old Roman coin, 文法

但這些都遠不及這枚有1800年歷史的羅馬硬幣古老，

which BBC reporter Ryan Keane recently bought in London.

這是BBC記者萊恩·基恩最近在倫敦買的。

But soon afterwards,

但不久之後，

Ryan discovered there was more to the story, 慣用語

萊恩發現故事遠不止於此，

as he explains here on BBC World Service program Business Daily.

正如他在BBC世界服務節目《商業日報》中所解釋的那樣。

But as I researched into other kinds of ancient artifacts I could acquire,

但在我研究我可以獲取的其他種類的古代文物時，

I came across reports of expansive criminal networks related to antiquities. 講解

我發現了與古董有關的龐大犯罪網絡的報導。

Some ancient artifacts being sold online and in stores have been looted and trafficked. 用詞

一些在網上和商店出售的古代文物是被掠奪和走私的。

Ryan got interested in artifacts from Egypt,

萊恩對來自埃及、

Greece, and Rome.

希臘和羅馬的文物產生了興趣。

An artifact is any object made by humans, 用詞

文物是人類製造的任何物品，

usually very old, which is historically interesting.

通常非常古老，具有歷史意義。

For example,

例如，

a coin or statue.

一枚硬幣或雕像。

In the past,

在過去，

many artifacts have been looted or stolen by force.

許多文物遭到搶劫或被武力盜取。

Movies like Indiana Jones and Tomb Raider have made the subject popular. 文化背景

像《印第安納瓊斯》和《古墓奇兵》這樣的電影讓這個題材很受歡迎。

But the theft of ancient objects is a serious problem in some parts of the world.

但在世界某些地區，古代物品的盜竊是一個嚴重的問題。

So what can be done about it? 文法

那麼對此能做些什麼呢？

That's what we'll be discussing in this episode, 表達脈絡

這就是我們要在本集節目中討論的內容，

using some useful new words and phrases.

同時使用一些有用的新單字和片語。

And remember,

請記住，

you'll find all the vocabulary from this episode on our website,

你可以在我們的網站上找到本集節目的所有詞彙，

bbclearningenglish.com.

bbclearningenglish.com。

Now,

現在，

I have a question for you,

我有一個問題要問你，

Beth.

貝絲。

One of the most famous ancient artifacts was discovered by Egyptologist Howard Carter

最著名的古代文物之一是由古埃及學家霍華德·卡特發現的，

in the Valley of the Kings in 1922. 文化背景

1922年在帝王谷。

But what was it?

但那是什麼呢？

Was it A,

是A，

the Rosetta Stone,

羅塞塔石碑，

B,

B，

the Mask of Tutankhamun, 文化背景

圖坦卡門面具，

or C,

還是C，

the Ark of the Covenant?

約櫃？

Oh,

哦，

I think it's B,

我認為是B，

the Mask of Tutankhamun.

圖坦卡門面具。

Okay,

好的，

let's find out later in the program. 表達脈絡

讓我們在節目稍後揭曉。

Stealing ancient objects is nothing new. 片語搭配

盜竊古代物品不是什麼新鮮事。

During colonial times, 文化背景

在殖民時期，

it was common for artifacts to be taken from their original home and moved to museums and private collections abroad. 文法

文物通常被從原產地帶走並移交到國外的博物館和私人收藏中。

In the modern era,

在現代，

technology,

技術，

especially social media,

特別是社群媒體，

has increased the problem.

加劇了這個問題。

Here's Amr Al-Azm,

這是阿姆爾·阿茲姆，

a researcher from Shawnee State University in the US,

美國肖尼州立大學的一名研究員，

explaining more to BBC's Business Daily.

向BBC《商業日報》解釋更多細節。

Social media is the game changer here. 慣用語

社群媒體在這裡是改變局勢的關鍵。

The bottleneck,

瓶頸，

if you will, 語氣意圖

如果你願意這麼說的話，

was how does someone who has an item then communicate with someone on the demand side. 用詞

在於擁有物品的人如何與需求方溝通。

It used to slow the process.

這過去常常會拖慢進程。

You had to go through intermediaries. 片語搭配

你必須透過中間人。

Social media changes all that because it just opens it up. 片語動詞

社群媒體改變了這一切，因為它直接打通了管道。

Ammar calls social media a game changer,

阿馬爾稱社群媒體為改變局勢的關鍵，

something new that is introduced into a situation and completely changes how it works.

引入到某個局面中並完全改變其運作方式的新事物。

For example,

例如，

the internet has been a game changer in how we communicate.

網際網路在我們的溝通方式上起到了顛覆性的作用。

The reason is simple.

原因很簡單。

For someone with illegally stolen artifacts to sell,

對於那些擁有非法盜取文物並想出售的人來說，

finding a buyer used to be difficult. 文法

尋找買家曾經很困難。

Ammar thinks that now,

阿馬爾認為現在，

because of social media,

因為社群媒體，

this problem or bottleneck is gone.

這個難題或瓶頸消失了。

A bottleneck is a problem 慣用語

瓶頸是一個難題，

that delays a process or stops it from progressing.

它會延緩進程或阻止其發展。

So what can be done to stop the illegal buying and selling of ancient artifacts? 片語搭配

那麼能做些什麼來阻止古代文物的非法買賣呢？

Well,

嗯，

as the final destination for much looted treasure, 片語搭配

作為許多被掠奪寶藏的最終目的地，

museums have an important role to play. 片語搭配

博物館扮演著重要角色。

Accusations of knowingly or unknowingly buying stolen objects have been made against several museums, 講解

有人指控幾家博物館有意或無意地購買了被盜物品，

including the Louvre in Paris.

包括巴黎的羅浮宮。

Victoria Reed is senior curator at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. 用詞

維多利亞·里德是波士頓美術博物館的高級策展人。

In 2024,

在2024年，

she helped her museum return an ancient necklace,

她幫助她的博物館歸還了一條古老的項鍊，

which had been taken illegally from Turkey in the 1970s. 文法

它是在20世紀70年代從土耳其被非法帶走的。

But the idea of returning artifacts to their country of origin, 用詞

但是將文物歸還原產國的想法，

something known as repatriation, 用詞

即所謂的文物遣返，

is controversial,

是有爭議的，

as Victoria told BBC program Business Daily.

正如維多利亞告訴BBC節目《商業日報》的那樣。

Outside of the museum world, 表達脈絡

在博物館界之外，

of course,

當然，

there are many opinions,

有很多種觀點，

and I personally try to maintain

而我個人試圖保持

a relatively middle of the road approach. 慣用語

一種相對中庸的方法。

I believe in museums, 表達脈絡

我信任博物館，

I believe in responsible collecting,

我信任負責任的收藏，

and I believe in judicious repatriation decisions. 用詞

並且我信任明智的遣返決定。

There are arguments both for and against repatriating artifacts. 片語搭配

關於遣返文物，存在著支持和反對的爭論。

And Victoria takes a middle of the road approach.

而維多利亞採取了中庸的方法。

If you describe something as middle of the road,

如果你形容某事為中庸的，

you mean it's not extreme and is acceptable to most people.

意思是它不極端，並且能被大多數人接受。

Whether ancient artifacts find their way back to their original homes 慣用語

古代文物是否能回到它們原來的家

or are displayed in museums remains an ongoing debate. 片語搭配

或者在博物館展出，仍然是一個持續的爭論。

But either way, 表達脈絡

但無論哪種方式，

it's good to know that objects of culture and beauty are being preserved for future generations. 片語搭配

很高興知道文化和美麗的物品正在為子孫後代被保存下來。

Okay,

好的，

I think it's time to reveal the answer to my question.

我想是時候揭曉我的問題的答案了。

I asked what the Egyptologist Howard Carter

我問古埃及學家霍華德·卡特

discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 1922.

1922年在帝王谷發現了什麼。

Was it A,

是A，

the Rosetta Stone,

羅塞塔石碑，

B,

B，

the Mask of Tutankhamun,

圖坦卡門面具，

or C,

還是C，

the Ark of the Covenant?

約櫃？

And I said the Mask of Tutankhamun.

我說的是圖坦卡門面具。

And you, Beth,

而你，貝絲，

were right.

答對了。

Yes.

是的。

Okay,

好的，

let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, 表達脈絡

讓我們複習一下我們學過的詞彙，

starting with artifact.

從文物(artifact)開始。

Any object made by humans,

任何由人類製造的物品，

which is of historical interest.

具有歷史意義。

If something is looted,

如果某物被掠奪(looted)，

it's stolen by force.

它是被武力盜取的。

A game changer is a new element,

改變局勢的關鍵(game changer)是一個新元素，

which,

它，

when introduced into a situation,

當被引入某個局面時，

completely changes it.

徹底改變了它。

A bottleneck

瓶頸(bottleneck)

is a problem that delays a process

是延緩進程

or stops it from progressing.

或阻止其發展的難題。

To repatriate something means to return it to the country it came from.

遣返(repatriate)某物意味著把它歸還給它來自的國家。

And finally,

最後，

the adjective middle of the road

形容詞中庸的(middle of the road)

describes things which are not extreme

形容不極端的事物，

and are acceptable to most people.

並且能被大多數人接受。

Once again,

再一次，

our 6 minutes are up.

我們的6分鐘到了。

If you enjoyed this program,

如果你喜歡這個節目，

why not check out the accompanying worksheets and quiz. 語氣意圖

為什麼不去看看配套的練習題和測驗呢。

They're both available now

它們現在都可以獲取，

at bbclearningenglish.com.

在bbclearningenglish.com。

See you there soon

很快在那裡見，

and goodbye.

再見。

Goodbye.

再見。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自bbclearningenglish.com的6分鐘英語。