你的大腦在「迷幻蘑菇」作用下的反應：英語精讀講義

Psychedelic or magic mushrooms have been ingested by humans for over 9,000 years. 文法

人類攝取迷幻蘑菇，也就是俗稱的「魔法蘑菇」，已有9,000多年的歷史。

Even today, this naturally grown fungus is commonly used as a recreational drug causing hallucinations. 片語搭配

即使到了今天，這種天然生長的真菌仍常被用作會引發幻覺的娛樂性藥物。

But how exactly does it work? 表達脈絡

但它究竟是怎麼起作用的？

The main psychoactive ingredient in shrooms is called psilocybin. 用詞

魔法蘑菇中的主要精神活性成分稱為裸蓋菇素。

When ingested, the body breaks it down into the active drug psilocin, 講解

攝取後，人體會把它分解成活性物質裸蓋菇鹼，

which makes its way to the brain. 片語搭配

接著裸蓋菇鹼會進入大腦。

And here it begins to prevent the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin, 用詞

到了這裡，它開始阻止神經傳導物質血清素的再攝取，

increasing its activity.

進而提高血清素的活性。

On top of this, psilocin actually has a similar chemical structure to serotonin, 片語搭配

此外，裸蓋菇鹼的化學結構其實與血清素相似，

meaning it can also bind to and stimulate receptors in the brain. 表達脈絡

這表示它也能與大腦中的受體結合並刺激這些受體。

This amplified stimulation causes you to perceive and experience things without any real stimulus, 文法

這種增強的刺激會讓你在沒有任何實際刺激的情況下感知和體驗事物，

also known as hallucination.

也就是產生幻覺。

These can be of a varying nature from visual to auditory sensations

這些幻覺形式多樣，可能是視覺或聽覺感受，

or mystical and insightful feelings.

也可能是神祕體驗或頓悟感。

And while the experience can be quite enjoyable, 文法

雖然這種體驗可能相當愉快，

some users have reported very unpleasant episodes.

但有些使用者也曾表示自己有過非常不愉快的經歷。

These feelings generally last between 3 to 8 hours, 文法

這些感受通常會持續3到8小時，

but could feel much longer as the drug alters your sense of time. 片語搭配

但由於藥物會改變你的時間感，感覺上可能漫長得多。

Scientists have also suggested that the brain may temporarily rearrange itself by inhibiting normal brain activity 講解

科學家也提出，大腦可能會藉由抑制正常的腦部活動來暫時重新組織自己，

and immediately creating new biologically stable brain connections.

並立刻建立新的、在生物學上穩定的腦部連結。

This ultimately makes it harder to determine reality from fantasy 文法

這最終會讓人更難分辨現實與幻想，

and amplifies your intensity of thought,

並讓你的思緒變得更加強烈，

which makes planning ahead and self-conscious thinking almost impossible.

從而幾乎無法事先規劃或進行自我反思。

We also see activation in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex,

我們也會看到海馬迴和前扣帶皮質被活化，

which are associated with dreaming. 片語搭配

這兩個區域都與作夢有關。

Finally, specific emotional regions of the brain are chemically activated,

最後，大腦中某些與情緒有關的區域會受到化學作用而活化，

which can lead to a sense of expanding consciousness. 片語搭配

這可能帶來意識擴張的感覺。

And because the drug temporarily alters the paths in your brain,

而且，由於這種藥物會暫時改變大腦中的神經路徑，

thinking outside the box becomes extremely natural. 慣用語

跳脫框架思考會變得非常自然。

In a famous US study,

在美國一項著名的研究中，

36 college-educated participants were given psilocybin and observed in a laboratory. 文法

36名受過大學教育的參與者服用了裸蓋菇素，並在實驗室中接受觀察。

One-third of the participants reported the experience 講解

三分之一的參與者表示，這次體驗

as the single most spiritually significant moment in their lives 文法

是他們一生中最具精神意義的時刻，

with two-thirds putting it in their top five. 文法

而三分之二的人將它列入人生中最具精神意義的五大時刻。

Two months after taking the drug,

服藥兩個月後，

79% of the participants reported increased well-being and satisfaction.

79%的參與者表示，自己的幸福感和滿足感有所提升。

Friends and family were also interviewed and agreed with these claims.

研究人員也訪談了他們的親友，而親友也認同這些說法。

But it's not all so positive. 表達脈絡

但它並非只有正面的一面。

22% of the clinically tested individuals experienced fear and paranoia

在接受臨床測試的人中，有22%曾感到恐懼和偏執，

at certain points during their trip. 用詞

這些感受會在致幻體驗中的某些時刻出現。

And because of the state of their brains,

而由於他們當時的大腦狀態，

these typically manifested as terrifying and uncontrollable hallucinations. 用詞

這些情緒通常會化為可怕且無法控制的幻覺。

Though much is still unknown about shrooms, 表達脈絡

儘管魔法蘑菇仍有許多未知之處，

they're not considered clinically addictive and cause little toxicity to other organ systems. 用詞

但臨床上並不認為它會讓人成癮，而且它對其他器官系統的毒性很低。

In fact, a UK study found that they caused the least amount of damage

事實上，英國一項研究發現，魔法蘑菇造成的傷害最小，

both to the individual and to others 文法

無論是對使用者本人還是對他人，

when compared to other recreational drugs. 文法

這是將它與其他娛樂性藥物比較後得出的結果。

Ultimately, scientists believe that the laws need to change around clinical testing of the drug,

總而言之，科學家認為，規範這種藥物臨床試驗的法律需要修改，

so advanced research can be executed

才能進行更深入的研究，

to fully understand both the positive and negative effects 文法

以全面了解它帶來的正面和負面影響，

that this magic fungus has on our brains.

也就是這種魔法真菌對我們大腦造成的種種影響。

And if you haven't seen our video

如果你還沒看過我們的那支影片，

on the science behind type A versus type B personalities,

內容是A型人格與B型人格背後的科學，

you can check it out on our second channel AsapTHOUGHT.

可以到我們的第二頻道AsapTHOUGHT觀看。

Link in the description.

連結在說明欄中。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos.

別忘了訂閱，收看每週更新的更多科學影片。