這會欺騙你的大腦嗎？(色彩測試)：英語精讀講義

Humans can discern between 2.3 million colors,

人類能分辨約230萬種顏色，

but try staring at this picture of us bursting through the periodic table 文法

但請試著盯著這張我們衝破元素週期表的圖片，

and focus on the green dot as we invert the colors.

在我們反轉色彩時，把注意力集中在綠色圓點上。

Don't stop staring there until I say. 文法

在我說可以之前，視線不要移開。

The light is traveling as a wave to your eye

光以波的形式傳入你的眼睛，

and the frequency of these wavelengths determines the perceived color 用詞

而這些光波的頻率決定了你感知到的色彩，

of everything in this picture and around you.

包括這張圖片中以及你周遭一切事物的色彩。

Humans have trichromatic vision, 用詞

人類擁有三色視覺，

meaning we have three cone cells in our retinas,

也就是說，我們的視網膜中有三種視錐細胞，

each which are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, 文法

每一種都對不同波長的光敏感，

blue, green, or red.

對應藍光、綠光或紅光。

Keep looking at the green dot and your brain will do something pretty neat. 用詞

繼續盯著綠色圓點，你的大腦接下來會做一件很神奇的事。

Did the image just change back to the original color? 片語動詞

圖片剛才是不是變回原本的顏色了？

Even though you were staring at a black and white image, 文法

儘管你剛才盯著的是一張黑白圖片，

your brain perceived it to be in color. 文法

你的大腦卻把它感知成彩色的。

This phenomenon is known as after imaging. 講解

這種現象稱為「後像」。

After staring long enough at the brightly colored image, 文法

當你盯著那張色彩鮮豔的圖片夠久之後，

your cones slowly become fatigued

你的視錐細胞會逐漸疲勞，

and the supply of photopigment in the respective cones becomes exhausted,

相應視錐細胞中的感光色素也會耗盡，

which ultimately stops sending signals to the brain.

最後不再向大腦傳送訊號。

In the case of this illusion,

在這個錯覺中，

the part of the photo where you see cyan,

當你看到圖片中的青色區域時，

the green and blue cones become tired

綠色和藍色視錐細胞會感到疲勞，

and as a result there is increased activity in the unfatigued red cones. 表達脈絡

因此，尚未疲勞的紅色視錐細胞活動會增強。

So, when the image switched to black and white,

所以，當圖片切換成黑白時，

we see red, cyan's complementary color. 用詞

我們看到的會是紅色，也就是青色的互補色。

Growing up, you likely learned about the primary colors red, yellow and blue, 文法

從小到大，你可能學過紅、黃、藍三原色，

and their respective complementary colors.

以及它們各自的互補色。

But things are more complicated when you consider that the primary colors in your printer 表達脈絡

但如果你考慮到印表機使用的三原色

are magenta, yellow, and cyan,

是洋紅、黃色和青色，

or that the screen you're watching this on uses red, green, and blue. 文法

而你正在觀看影片的螢幕用的卻是紅、綠、藍，事情就複雜多了。

These are different color models where RGB is additive, 文化背景

這些屬於不同的色彩模型，其中 RGB 是加色模型，

meaning the mixing of different lights of color create new colors, 文法

也就是說，不同顏色的光混合後會產生新的顏色，

while the other two are subtractive models

而另外兩種則是減色模型，

and absorb different wavelengths of light.

會吸收不同波長的光。

For example, when you hold a yellow object in real life,

例如，當你在現實中拿著一個黃色物體時，

it's actually absorbing every wavelength except yellow. 文法

它其實會吸收黃光以外的所有波長。

That yellow light bounces back and hits your eyes. 片語動詞

黃光會反射回來，進入你的眼睛。

But when you look at this yellow object through your screen right now,

但當你此刻透過螢幕看這個黃色物體時，

it's actually not yellow at all 片語搭配

它其實根本不是黃色的，

because your screen can only use red, green, and blue colors.

因為你的螢幕只能使用紅、綠、藍三種顏色。

If you were to zoom in physically on anything yellow, 文法

如果你實際放大螢幕上的任何黃色區域，

it would actually be a combination of red and green.

就會發現它其實是紅色和綠色的組合。

And because the wavelength of yellow is between red and green,

因為黃色的波長介於紅色和綠色之間，

our brain interprets this mix as yellow. 片語搭配

我們的大腦便會把這種組合解讀成黃色。

So, what you're seeing here is in fact not yellow at all,

所以，你在這裡看到的其實根本不是黃色，

but it's stimulating a mix of your red and green cones,

而是同時刺激了你的紅色和綠色視錐細胞，

which your brain interprets as yellow.

大腦於是將其解讀成黃色。

While plants come in a range of colors,

雖然植物有各式各樣的顏色，

the predominant color is green due to chlorophyll,

但由於葉綠素的存在，綠色仍是最主要的顏色。

the energy-absorbing pigment found in plants critical for photosynthesis. 用詞

葉綠素是植物中吸收能量的色素，對光合作用至關重要。

So, to effectively attract pollinators such as bees, insects and birds,

因此，為了有效吸引蜜蜂、昆蟲和鳥類等傳粉者，

flowers have evolved to stand out against green. 片語動詞

花朵經過演化，能在綠色背景中格外醒目。

It's why you don't see many green flowers.

這就是綠色花朵並不常見的原因。

And flowering plants have even evolved a suite of different colors 用詞

開花植物甚至演化出各種不同的顏色，

to attract specific pollinators,

用來吸引特定的傳粉者，

known as pollinator syndrome. 文化背景

這稱為「傳粉症候群」。

Bird-pollinated flowers are mostly red,

由鳥類傳粉的花大多是紅色的，

potentially to discourage visits from bees,

可能是為了避免招來蜜蜂，

as their visual system is different than birds, 文法

因為蜜蜂的視覺系統與鳥類不同，

making it hard for them to discriminate between red and green. 講解

使牠們難以分辨紅色和綠色。

Similarly, we all have our own favorite colors,

同樣地，我們每個人都有自己最喜歡的顏色，

but why?

但這是為什麼呢？

One theory suggests that color preference is gendered, 講解

有一種理論認為，顏色偏好會因性別而異：

where given the choice between cyan and red, 片語搭配

當要在青色和紅色之間做選擇時，

men prefer cyan colors and women prefer redder colors.

男性較偏愛青色，女性則較偏愛偏紅的顏色。

Researchers hypothesize this preference has evolved from our hunter-gatherer societies, 文化背景

研究人員推測，這種偏好是在狩獵採集社會中演化出來的，

where women's visual systems were specialized to see ripe red berries against green foliage.

當時女性的視覺系統逐漸適應了從綠色葉叢中找出成熟的紅色莓果。

Another theory suggests that we like hues that we associate with pleasant things. 片語搭配

另一種理論認為，我們喜歡那些會讓我們聯想到美好事物的色調。

However, pleasant and unpleasant things are often the same color.

然而，令人愉快和令人不快的事物往往有著相同的顏色。

We love blue Slurpee, but not blue mold. 講解

我們喜歡藍色的思樂冰，卻不喜歡藍色的黴菌。

Investigating these questions of color had us thinking about links between science and art. 文法

探索這些色彩問題，讓我們開始思考科學與藝術之間的連結。

So, in our latest AsapTHOUGHT we asked both artists and scientists about how they view the world. 慣用語

因此，在最新一期的 AsapTHOUGHT 中，我們請藝術家和科學家談談他們如何看待這個世界。

Check it out with the link in the description and subscribe for more weekly science videos.

點擊說明欄中的連結觀看，也別忘了訂閱，每週收看更多科學影片。