糖上癮 ⏲️ 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，這裡是 BBC 英語教學的 6 Minute English。

I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

And I'm Georgie.

我是 Georgie。

Would you like a cup of tea, Neil? 語氣意圖

你想來杯茶嗎，Neil？

Oh, yes, thanks, Georgie.

喔，好的，謝謝，Georgie。

Uh with milk and three sugars, please.

呃，請加牛奶和三顆糖。

Three sugars?

三顆糖？

Wow, you really have a sweet tooth. 慣用語

哇，你真是愛吃甜食（have a sweet tooth）。

You like eating sweet things.

你喜歡吃甜的東西。

Aren't you worried about your weight? 語氣意圖

你不擔心你的體重嗎？

Mm, yes, but I can't say no to sugar. 片語搭配

嗯，是的，但我對糖毫無抵抗力。

Just as our addiction to oil is causing a climate emergency, 文法

就像我們對石油的上癮正在引發氣候緊急情況一樣，

our addiction to sugar is causing a health emergency for our bodies. 用詞

我們對糖的上癮也在引發我們身體的健康危機。

Sugar gives us an instant hit at the chemical hormone dopamine, 用詞

糖會讓我們瞬間獲得化學荷爾蒙多巴胺的刺激，

making us feel good, but in the long run causing obesity, 講解

讓我們感覺良好，但從長遠來看會導致肥胖、

tooth decay, and diseases like diabetes.

蛀牙以及糖尿病等疾病。

But how did our addiction to the sweet stuff begin? 用詞

但是，我們對這種甜食的上癮是如何開始的呢？

That's what we'll be discussing in this program, 表達脈絡

這就是我們將在本期節目中討論的內容，

and as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

和往常一樣，我們還會學習一些有用的新詞彙。

Anyway, here's your tea, Neil.

不管怎樣，你的茶來了，Neil。

I just put one sugar.

我只放了一顆糖。

Mm, thanks, Georgie.

嗯，謝謝，Georgie。

I'll give it a try. 片語搭配

我來嘗嘗。

Now, before we go on, 表達脈絡

現在，在我們繼續之前，

I have a question for you.

我有一個問題要問你。

Sugarcane, which grows naturally in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, 文法

甘蔗自然生長在亞洲、非洲和美洲，

first came to England in the 11th century.

在 11 世紀首次來到英國。

Back then, it was an expensive luxury item, 表達脈絡

在當時，它是一件昂貴的奢侈品，

affordable only to kings, queens, and the very rich. 文法

只有國王、王后和極度富有的人才買得起。

So, which English monarch loved eating sugar so much 文法

那麼，哪位英國君主因為太愛吃糖，

their teeth turned black?

以至於他們的牙齒變黑了？

Was it A, King Henry VIII,

是 A，國王亨利八世，

B, Queen Elizabeth I,

B，女王伊麗莎白一世，

or C, Mary Queen of Scots?

還是 C，蘇格蘭瑪麗女王？

I know Henry VIII was very unhealthy,

我知道亨利八世很不健康，

so I'll guess it's him.

所以我猜是他。

Okay, Georgie.

好的，Georgie。

We'll find out the answer later in the program. 片語動詞

我們稍後會在節目中揭曉答案。

Just now, I compared sugar to oil 片語搭配

剛才，我把糖比作石油，

as the world's most important commodity.

稱其為世界上最重要的商品（commodity）。

A commodity is a product or natural resource 用詞

商品（commodity）是指一種產品或自然資源，

that can be traded, bought, and sold. 文法

可以被交易、買賣。

Today, economies, governments, and wars are based on controlling oil, 片語搭配

今天，經濟、政府和戰爭都建立在控制石油的基礎上，

but in earlier centuries, the same was true of sugar. 表達脈絡

但在早期的幾個世紀裡，糖也是如此。

For 400 years, sugar, along with coffee and tobacco, 片語搭配

四百年來，糖與咖啡和菸草一起，

was grown in slavery plantations and shipped across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe. 講解

在奴隸種植園裡種植，並跨越大西洋運往歐洲。

By the time slavery was ended in 1834, 文法

到 1834 年奴隸制結束時，

the demand for sugar in Europe and the United States

歐洲和美國對糖的需求

was at a record high. 片語搭配

達到了歷史最高水準。

Here's Professor of International History Ulbe Bosma 表達脈絡

下面是國際歷史學教授 Ulbe Bosma

explaining more to BBC Radio 4 program Thinking Allowed.

在 BBC 第四電台的 Thinking Allowed 節目中進行詳細解釋。

Sugar was already an extremely important commodity

糖已經是一種極其重要的商品，

in the 16th and 17th, and 18th century.

在 16、17 和 18 世紀。

And in the 19th century,

而在 19 世紀，

we see a staggering growth of sugar consumption 講解

我們看到糖的消費量出現了驚人的（staggering）增長，

in Europe and the United States.

在歐洲和美國都是如此。

And with that, um, sugar became the fuel for human bodies, 講解

隨之而來的是，嗯，糖成為了人類身體的燃料，

whereas oil became the fuel for vehicles 文法

而石油成為了交通工具的燃料，

in the 20th century.

在 20 世紀。

Professor Bosma talks about the staggering growth in the popularity of sugar.

Bosma 教授談到了糖的受歡迎程度出現了驚人的增長。

The adjective staggering means shocking or surprising.

形容詞 staggering 意味著令人震驚或驚訝的。

Just like oil became the fuel for machine engines, 文法

就像石油成了機器發動機的燃料一樣，

sugar became the fuel for the human body.

糖成了人類身體的燃料（fuel）。

Fuel is a substance that is burned to provide heat or power.

燃料（fuel）是一種被燃燒以提供熱量或動力的物質。

Trading companies had become rich selling sugar grown using slave labor. 講解

貿易公司透過出售使用奴隸勞動種植的糖而致富。

When people began to realize the health problems of sugar in the 20th century,

當人們在 20 世紀開始意識到糖帶來的健康問題時，

these companies needed new ways to sell their product 文法

這些公司需要新的方法來銷售他們的產品，

and began using sugar in food, which had previously contained none. 文法

並開始在以前不含糖的食物中使用糖。

Food like bread, cereal, and yogurt.

比如麵包、麥片和優格等食物。

Here's Professor Bosma again,

這裡又是 Bosma 教授，

taking up the story for BBC Radio 4's Thinking Allowed. 片語動詞

在 BBC 第四電台的 Thinking Allowed 節目中繼續講述。

You can flood the market with a certain commodity, 慣用語

你可以向市場大量傾銷（flood the market）某種商品，

with sugar in this case, 表達脈絡

在這個例子中是糖，

but that still does not mean that people will consume it. 文法

但這仍然並不意味著人們就會消費它。

So, the eating habits of people had to change.

所以，人們的飲食習慣必須改變。

People until the early 19th century,

直到 19 世紀初，人們

they had a few spoons of sugar per week, 片語搭配

每週只吃幾匙糖，

but not a kilo which people consume today

而不是今天人們所消費的一公斤，

in many countries in the world.

在世界許多國家都是這樣。

Sugar companies flooded the market with their commodity.

糖業公司用他們的商品大量充斥市場。

If you flood the market,

如果你 flood the market，

you make a lot of your product available for sale, 文法

你就是提供大量的產品供銷售，

often at a low price. 片語搭配

通常價格很低。

But just because something is cheap and easily available, 講解

但僅僅因為某種東西便宜且容易買到，

doesn't mean people will eat it.

並不意味著人們就會吃它。

So, sugar companies tried to increase sugar consumption

所以，糖業公司試圖增加糖的消費量，

by changing people's eating habits, 講解

透過改變人們的飲食習慣（eating habits），

the way a group of people eat.

即一群人進食的方式。

For example, which types of food they eat,

例如，他們吃哪種類型的食物，

how much of it, and how often.

吃多少，以及多久吃一次。

Instead of one or two spoons of sugar per week, 文法

人們不再是每週吃一兩匙糖，

people started eating kilos,

而是開始按公斤吃，

with results we see around us every day. 表達脈絡

其結果我們每天都在周圍看到。

Worldwide, obesity and heart disease have tripled in the last 50 years. 文法

在世界範圍內，肥胖症和心臟病在過去 50 年裡增加了兩倍。

What's more, because sugary food is cheaper, 表達脈絡

更重要的是，因為含糖食物更便宜，

it's often the poorest in society who are worst affected. 講解

通常是社會中最貧窮的人受到的影響最嚴重。

Hmm, maybe it's time to try having your tea without any sugar, eh, Neil? 語氣意圖

嗯，也許是時候試著喝不加任何糖的茶了，嗯，Neil？

And to reveal the answer to your question, 表達脈絡

現在來揭曉你那個問題的答案吧，

which English monarch's famous love of sugar turned their teeth black,

哪位英國君主出了名地愛吃糖以至於牙齒變黑了，

I guessed it was the notorious overeater, Henry VIII. 用詞

我猜是那個臭名昭著的暴食者，亨利八世。

Which was the wrong answer, I'm afraid, Georgie. 語氣意圖

恐怕答錯了，Georgie。

In fact, during the years before toothpaste and dentists, 講解

事實上，在沒有牙膏和牙醫的年代，

those black stumpy teeth belonged to Queen Elizabeth I. 用詞

那些黑色的小短牙屬於女王伊麗莎白一世。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this program about sugar, 表達脈絡

好的，讓我們回顧一下在這個關於糖的節目中學到的詞彙，

starting with a sweet tooth, 表達脈絡

首先是 sweet tooth，

a fondness for eating sweet, sugary food and drinks. 片語搭配

對吃甜食、含糖食物和飲料的偏愛。

A commodity is a product or natural resource

商品（commodity）是指一種產品或自然資源，

that can be traded, bought, and sold.

可以被交易、買賣。

Fuel is a substance such as oil or coal

燃料（fuel）是指諸如石油或煤炭之類的物質，

that is burned to provide heat or power.

被燃燒以提供熱量或動力。

The adjective staggering means very shocking and surprising.

形容詞 staggering 意思是極其令人震驚和驚訝的。

If a company floods the market,

如果一家公司 floods the market，

they release a lot of a particular product for sale,

他們就會投放某種特定的大量產品進行銷售，

often at a low price.

通常價格很低。

And finally,

最後，

eating habits describe the way a particular group of people eat.

飲食習慣（eating habits）描述了一個特定群體的進食方式。

For example, which types of food they eat,

例如，他們吃什麼類型的食物，

how much, and how often.

吃多少，以及多久吃一次。

Once again, our 6 minutes are up. 慣用語

我們的 6 分鐘又到了。

Join us again soon for more trending topics 用詞

請盡快再次加入我們，了解更多熱門話題，

and useful vocabulary here at 6 Minute English.

並在 6 Minute English 學習更多有用的詞彙。

Goodbye for now. Bye.

暫且說再見。拜拜。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。