少吃鹽，更健康 ⏲️ 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，這裡是 BBC Learning English 的 6 Minute English。

I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

And I'm Georgie.

我是 Georgie。

Do you know the five tastes which give food its flavor, 文法

你知道賦予食物風味的五種味道嗎，

Neil?

Neil？

There's sweet.

有甜味。

Yes,

是的，

and uh sour,

還有，呃，酸味，

bitter and salty.

苦味和鹹味。

Everyone knows that salt makes food taste better 文法

大家都知道鹽能讓食物嚐起來更美味

by enhancing the flavors of the ingredients. 文法

藉由提升食材的風味來實現。

There's even a phrase you'll see in many recipes,

甚至在許多食譜中你會看到這句話，

add a pinch of salt. 片語搭配

加入一小撮鹽。

But exactly how much salt makes 文法

但是到底多少鹽才算是

a pinch of salt?

一小撮鹽呢？

The World Health Organization or WHO 文化背景

世界衛生組織（WHO）

recommends a daily salt intake of less than 5 g, 用詞

建議每天的鹽攝取量應少於 5 公克，

about the same as a teaspoon. 片語搭配

大約相當於一茶匙的量。

In fact,

事實上，

the human body needs salt,

人體是需要鹽的，

at least 1 g a day to survive, 片語搭配

每天至少需要 1 公克才能生存，

but most of us eat far too much, 片語搭配

但我們大多數人吃得太多了，

increasing the risk of high blood pressure and heart disease. 講解

這增加了患高血壓和心臟病的風險。

In this program, 表達脈絡

在本期節目中，

we'll be asking how much salt is too much.

我們將探討吃多少鹽才算過量。

And as usual,

像往常一樣，

we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

我們還會學習一些有用的新詞彙。

Great.

太棒了。

But first,

但首先，

I have a question for you, Neil.

我有一個問題要問你，Neil。

The reason it's difficult to know how much salt you consume 文法

我們很難知道自己到底攝取了多少鹽的原因

is that it's hidden in food,

是因為它隱藏在食物中，

especially processed food. 用詞

尤其是加工食品中。

So which of the following everyday foods do you think contains most salt? 語氣意圖

那麼你認為以下哪種日常食物含鹽量最高？

Is it A, meat, B, bread, or C, pasta?

是 A、肉類，B、麵包，還是 C、義大利麵？

Well,

嗯，

I'm going to guess that meat is the saltiest of those foods. 講解

我猜肉類是這些食物中最鹹的。

Okay, Neil.

好的，Neil。

I'll reveal the answer later in the program. 表達脈絡

我將在節目稍後揭曉答案。

Marian Sumbiva lives in Astana,

Marian Sumbiva 住在阿斯塔納，

the capital of Kazakhstan,

也就是哈薩克的首都，

a country where people eat on average 17 g of salt a day. 片語搭配

在這個國家，人們平均每天攝取 17 公克鹽。

That's more than three times the amount recommended by the WHO. 文法

這超過了世衛組織建議量的三倍。

Here, Marian explains some of the reasons behind this 片語搭配

在此，Marian 解釋了這背後的部分原因

to BBC World Service program,

在 BBC 世界服務節目

The Food Chain.

《食物鏈》中。

We consume lots of salt,

我們消耗大量的鹽，

which is due to historical heritage, 片語搭配

這是由於歷史遺留問題，

because when we were nomads, 文化背景

因為當我們還是遊牧民族時，

for centuries and centuries, 片語搭配

幾個世紀以來，

we traveled and wandered across the steppes 文化背景

我們在草原上旅行和遊蕩

and here we had to carry lots of meat,

在這裡我們必須攜帶大量的肉，

which could be preserved only adding salt. 用詞

而要保存這些肉只能加鹽。

And even the milk products,

甚至牛奶製品，

the dairy products are also very much salty 用詞

那些乳製品也是非常鹹的

for the same reasons.

出於同樣的原因。

Besides improving its flavor, 文法

除了能改善風味，

salt can be used to preserve food 文法

鹽還可以用來保存食物

to stop it from going bad. 片語搭配

防止食物變質。

Traditionally, people in Kazakhstan were nomads.

傳統上，哈薩克人是遊牧民族。

They traveled from place to place 片語搭配

他們從一個地方遷徙到另一個地方

with their animals rather than living in one place all the time. 文法

和他們的動物一起，而不是一直定居在一處。

Treating food with salt gave them enough to eat 文法

用鹽處理食物讓他們有足夠的食物

during the long winter months.

來度過漫長的冬季。

They even did it with dairy products,

他們甚至對乳製品也這麼做，

foods which are made from milk, 片語搭配

也就是那些由牛奶製成的食物，

such as cheese and butter. 片語搭配

比如起司和奶油。

So, salt has a long and useful history.

所以，鹽有著悠久而實用的歷史。

But there's a big difference between traditional Kazakh nomads 文法

但是在傳統的哈薩克遊牧生活

and the health problems associated with modern processed food. 片語搭配

與現代加工食品相關的健康問題之間，有著巨大的區別。

When we eat too much salt, 文法

當我們吃太多鹽時，

the body dilutes it by retaining water. 文法

身體會透過保留水分來稀釋它。

And as a result, 表達脈絡

結果就是，

the heart works harder to pump liquid around the body. 文法

心臟需要更努力地工作來將液體泵送到全身。

This causes high blood pressure,

這會導致高血壓，

which over time, can lead to heart disease. 片語搭配

隨著時間的推移，可能會引發心臟病。

Globally, governments are fighting this health risk in different ways. 慣用語

在全球範圍內，各國政府正在以不同的方式應對這一健康風險。

The Australian government reduced its recommended salt intake to 6 g a day,

澳洲政府將建議的每日鹽攝取量降低到了 6 公克，

while the British government has passed laws forcing food companies 講解

而英國政府則通過了法律，強制食品公司

to reduce the amount of salt they use

減少他們使用的鹽量

and now recommends just 5 g of salt per day.

並且現在建議每天僅攝取 5 公克鹽。

Claire Collins is professor of nutrition at the University of Newcastle in Australia.

Claire Collins 是澳洲紐卡索大學的營養學教授。

Here, she explains more about these salt recommendations

在此，她詳細解釋了這些關於鹽的建議

to BBC World Service program,

在 BBC 世界服務節目

The Food Chain.

《食物鏈》中。

I think you just got to take a step back 講解

我覺得你只需要退後一步

and look at the bigger picture. 慣用語

著眼於大局。

Like arguing whether it should be 5 g or 6 g, 文法

比如，比起爭論應該是 5 公克還是 6 公克，

the issue is that around the world, 表達脈絡

真實的問題是，在世界各地，

salt intakes are very high,

鹽的攝取量都非常高，

contributing to blood high blood pressure,

這導致了高血壓，

contributing to premature strokes, 講解

導致了過早的中風，

premature mortality,

以及過早的死亡，

and we need to address it 用詞

我們需要解決這個問題

in a way that's culturally appropriate for each country. 片語搭配

以一種在文化上適合每個國家的方式。

Instead of arguing over grams of salt, 文法

Collins 教授認為，與其爭論鹽的公克數，

Professor Collins thinks we should take a step back

我們不如退後一步（take a step back）

and look at the bigger picture.

著眼於大局（look at the bigger picture）。

She uses two idioms:

她使用了兩個慣用語：

take a step back,

take a step back（退後一步），

which means to temporarily withdraw from a situation

意思是暫時從某種情況中抽身

in order to think about it more calmly, 文法

以便更冷靜地思考，

and look at the bigger picture,

以及 look at the bigger picture（著眼大局），

to consider the overall meaning of something,

意思是考慮某件事的整體意義，

not just the details. 表達脈絡

而不僅僅是細節。

Yes, the problem remains that overconsumption of salt is causing premature health problems, 講解

是的，問題仍然在於，過量攝取鹽正在導致過早的健康問題，

problems which are happening sooner than they should. 文法

這些問題比正常情況發生得更早。

By limiting salt and processed food, 文法

透過限制鹽和加工食品，

most people can enjoy long healthy lives. 片語搭配

大多數人都能享受健康長壽的生活。

And if you don't like your food unsalted, 語氣意圖

如果你不喜歡食物不加鹽，

try adding herbs and spices instead.

可以嘗試加入香草和香料來代替。

Well, speaking of salty foods, 表達脈絡

好了，說到鹹味食物，

I think it's time to reveal the answer to my question, 表達脈絡

我覺得是時候揭曉我的問題答案了，

Neil.

Neil。

If you remember, I asked you which everyday food contains most salt.

如果你還記得，我問你哪種日常食物含鹽量最高。

And I guessed it was meat.

我猜是肉類。

Which was the correct answer.

這是正確的答案。

Meat contains the highest amount of salt,

肉類含有最高量的鹽，

around 19%, followed by bread with 14% and pasta with 7%. 文法

大約是 19%，其次是麵包（14%）和義大利麵（7%）。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned in this program, 表達脈絡

好了，讓我們複習一下我們在本期節目中學到的詞彙，

starting with the verb to preserve food,

從動詞 preserve food（保存食物）開始，

meaning to do something to stop it rotting,

意思是做一些事情來防止食物腐爛，

so it can be eaten later.

以便以後可以食用。

Nomads are people who travel from one place to another,

Nomads（遊牧民族）是指從一個地方遷徙到另一個地方的人，

often with animal livestock,

通常帶著牲畜，

rather than living in one place all the time.

而不是一直住在一個地方。

Dairy products are foods such as cheese and butter,

Dairy products（乳製品）是指像起司和奶油這樣的食物，

which are made from milk.

它們是由牛奶製成的。

If you take a step back,

如果你 take a step back（退後一步），

you temporarily remove yourself from a situation in order to reevaluate it.

你就是暫時從某個情況中抽身，以便重新評估它。

The idiom to look at the bigger picture

慣用語 look at the bigger picture（著眼大局）

means to consider the overall meaning of something rather than the specific details.

意思是考慮某件事的整體意義，而不是具體細節。

And finally, the adjective premature describes something which happens too soon

最後，形容詞 premature（過早的）描述的是發生得太快的事情

or before the proper time.

或者在適當的時間之前發生的事情。

Once again, our 6 minutes are up. 片語搭配

我們的 6 分鐘又到了。

Goodbye for now.

暫時說再見了。

Bye.

再見。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

來自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。