提取世界上最毒魚類的毒液！- Smarter Every Day 117：英語精讀講義

Hey, it's me Destin.

嘿，我是 Destin。

Welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

歡迎回到 Smarter Every Day。

Sometimes I like to walk around in my yard barefooted,

有時候我喜歡光腳在院子裡走，

which is awesome until I hit a little sticky weed,

感覺很棒，直到我踩到一種有點黏人的雜草，

which hurts.

真的很痛。

I'm about to ruin the beach for you. 文法

我現在要毀掉你們對海灘的美好印象了。

There's an animal called the stonefish

有一種動物叫石頭魚，

that is the meanest thing I've ever seen. 文法

絕對是我見過最兇殘的東西。

We're gonna milk it 用詞

我們去給牠「擠奶」（擠毒液），

even though it doesn't have nipples. 文法

儘管牠連乳頭都沒有。

Goggle up. 片語搭配

戴上護目鏡。

Science is about to happen. 表達脈絡

科學實驗馬上開始。

So, this is the research aquarium

那麼，這裡是研究水族館，

here at James Cook University, right?

在 James Cook University，對吧？

Yep.

是的。

All right.

好的。

This is where we've got everything that can bite and kill you.

這裡有能咬傷甚至殺死你的所有生物。

Okay, cause you do what? What's the word,

好的，因為你是做啥的？那個詞叫什麼來著，

venomologist?

毒液學家？

Toxinologist.

毒素學家。

Toxinologist?

毒素學家？

Destin, how many times have we got to tell you this? 語氣意圖

Destin，我們得跟你說多少次？

Toxinologist

毒素學家。

Dr. Jamie Seymour

Jamie Seymour 博士，

grabbing a stonefish.

正在抓一條石頭魚。

Most venomous fish in the world.

世界上最毒的魚。

Most venomous fish in the world

世界上最毒的魚，

with his hand.

徒手抓。

So, why are we not wearing leather gloves when we do this?

所以，為什麼我們在做這個的時候不戴皮手套？

Probably because you can't feel properly.

可能因為戴了就摸不清感覺了。

Oh, okay.

喔，好吧。

Yeah, it's better you get a better feel for the fish. 片語搭配

是的，更好地感受魚比較好。

Okay.

好的。

And so, is the fish under stress right now?

那麼，這魚現在有壓力嗎？

No, they can hold...

沒有，牠們能憋……

they hold water up in their gills,

牠們會在鰓裡儲水，

so they can stay out of water for a couple of hours.

所以離開水也能活上幾個小時。

Really?

真的嗎？

They're intertidal animals,

牠們是潮間帶動物，

so they're used to this sort of thing. 文法

所以早就習慣了這種事。

So, they get kind of caught in pools and stuff. 語氣意圖

也就是說，牠們經常被困在水坑之類的地方。

Yes. And they'll often get caught where the water's drained out

是的。而且牠們經常在退潮時被困住，

and they're away and running.

但依然能活得好好的。

So, we'll move our prop fish.

好，我們把道具魚拿過來。

See how the spines just whipped up then? 片語動詞

看到這些刺剛才怎麼彈起來了嗎？

Yeah.

看到了。

So, that's what we're trying to look for.

所以，這正是我們要找的。

That spine, there's two spines.

那根刺，這裡有兩根刺。

Uh-huh.

嗯哼。

There's one there, there, there, there, there,

這裡有一根，這兒，這兒，這兒，這兒，

all the way down the back. 片語搭配

沿著背部一路排開。

There's 13 of them,

一共有13根，

and they've all got venom associated with them.

牠們全都連著毒液。

They all have venom sacs.

全都有毒囊。

All of them.

全都有。

Yep.

是的。

A little hard to see because the animal's got lumps and bumps all over him. 片語搭配

有點難看清，因為這傢伙全身上下都是疙瘩。

But there's a little lump on each of these spines,

但在這些刺的每一根上都有一個小包，

either side. 用詞

在兩側。

So, the spine comes up,

所以，當刺豎起來，

there's a venom sac there and there.

那裡和那裡就有毒囊。

As your foot or whatever comes down over the top of it,

當你的腳或別的什麼東西從上面踩下去時，

the spine goes into your foot,

刺會扎進你的腳裡，

and there's no venom sac until it gets about a third of the way down, 片語搭配

大約要扎到三分之一深的地方才有毒囊，

and then what happens is your tissue compresses the venom sac 表達脈絡

然後你的組織會擠壓毒囊，

and shoots it up along the spine,

毒液就會順著刺往上噴射，

which is now deeply embedded in your foot.

而此時刺已經深深扎進了你的腳。

So, it's like stepping on a hypodermic needle 表達脈絡

所以，這就像踩到了一根皮下注射針頭，

that is upside down ready to squirt

而且是倒放著，準備隨時噴射，

as soon as it has force applied. 文法

一旦受到壓力就會發射。

Exactly.

完全正確。

Okay, that makes sense. 片語搭配

好的，我明白了。

This is what we're gonna use to stick over the spine of the stonefish.

我們將用這個東西貼在石頭魚的刺上。

So, that's gonna act like somebody's foot. 片語搭配

所以它就像人的腳一樣。

So, you got to get it the right thickness. 文法

因此，你必須掌握合適的厚度。

So, spine will be like that,

好，刺就像這樣，

and we're gonna push this down over the top,

然後我們把它從上面壓下去，

and it'll squeeze the venom glands,

它會擠壓毒腺，

and the venom will go boosh!

毒液就會「噗」地噴出來！

Okay, what do you do with the venom?

好吧，你們拿毒液做什麼？

As a toxinologist.

作為一個毒素學家。

I got it I got it right.

我說對了，我說對了。

Several things.

好幾件事。

One, we're trying to work out how it works. 片語動詞

第一，我們要研究它是如何起作用的。

But, one of the other things is we actually give it to the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories,

但是，另一件事是我們實際上把它交給了 Commonwealth Serum Laboratories，

who make an antivenom for this thing.

他們會為這東西製作抗毒血清。

One of the most well-used antivenoms in Australia

這是澳洲最常用的抗毒血清之一，

cuz we probably get, I don't know, 700, maybe a 1,000 people a year 語氣意圖

因為可能，我不知道，每年大概有700，也許1000人，

get stung by these things up the east coast of Australia.

在澳洲東海岸被這些東西刺傷。

Really?

真的嗎？

Yeah.

是的。

Someone's got to hold the fish, 文法

必須有人抓住魚，

and someone's got to put the thing down over the spine.

然後有人把這個東西套在刺上。

I can hold the fish.

我可以抓魚。

I ain't scared. 用詞

我不怕。

Am I capable of putting the rubber down over the spine? 片語搭配

我有能力把橡膠套在刺上嗎？

You do know me, right? 語氣意圖

你了解我的，對吧？

Uh, maybe you should hold the...

呃，也許你該抓著……

Hold the fish like that.

像這樣抓住魚。

Right.

好。

So, and if he flicks, just hang on to it. 片語動詞

那麼，如果牠掙扎，就抓緊牠。

Okay.

好的。

Yep.

對。

I can do that.

我可以做到。

I don't I don't think he's going to flick.

我不……我不認為牠會掙扎。

I actually think... I tell my kids like when we're doing stuff like this,

其實我覺得……我們做這種事時我常跟孩子們說，

just hang on tight and don't be scared.

抓緊別害怕就行了。

It's like that here?

這兒也一樣嗎？

Exactly.

完全正確。

Exactly.

完全正確。

Just remember if you let him go and I get nailed, 用詞

記住，你要是鬆手害我被扎了，

I'm going to so beat the crap out of you. 慣用語

我絕對會痛扁你一頓。

All right.

好的。

We're gonna go 1920 by 1080, right?

我們用 1920 乘 1080 的解析度，對吧？

Yep.

是的。

All right.

好的。

What do you want

你要什麼設定？

What, 1,500 frames per second?

怎麼，每秒 1500 幀？

Yep.

對。

All right.

好的。

Yep.

準備好。

There it goes.

出來了。

Good grief. 慣用語

天哪。

And that would squirt into your foot?

那東西會噴進你的腳裡？

Yep.

是的。

Oh.

喔。

What a cameraman. 文法

真是個好攝影師。

This guy should get an Emmy award.

這傢伙該拿個 Emmy 獎。

This guy does have an Emmy award. 文法

這傢伙真的有 Emmy 獎。

Don't you?

你不是嗎？

That's cool look at that!

太酷了，看那個！

So, how long does it take him to replenish that venom supply? 文法

那麼，牠需要多久才能補充好毒液？

It's now dependent on food.

這取決於食物。

If they start feeding again, and they often don't,

如果牠們重新開始進食，往往並不會，

um, but if you can get it feeding again, about 2 to 3 weeks. 文法

嗯，但如果你能讓牠重新進食，大約需要2到3週。

Why would they not start feeding again?

為什麼牠們不重新進食呢？

Oh, they get grumpy.

喔，牠們脾氣暴躁。

Really?

真的嗎？

And we've had them in the lab here,

我們把牠們養在實驗室裡，

and often they won't feed for 2 or 3 months.

經常兩三個月都不吃東西。

And as you push down that sac below. There was a sac about here and a sac about there.

當你按下下面的毒囊時。大約在這裡和這裡各有一個毒囊。

So, as it comes down,

所以，當它往下壓時，

comes down and it pushes on those sacs,

往下壓並擠壓這些毒囊，

and there's a little channel that runs up each side of the spine.

刺的兩側各有一條小通道。

So, when the venom gets pushed out of the sac,

所以，當毒液被擠出毒囊時，

it comes down the side of the spine and out the tip of the spine.

它會順著刺的兩側流下，從刺尖噴出。

How sharp is that?

那有多鋒利？

Yeah, like a hypodermic needle.

是啊，就像皮下注射針頭一樣。

That's crazy, man.

太瘋狂了，老兄。

It'll go clean through a wetsuit bootie. 用詞

它可以輕鬆刺穿潛水靴。

So, it's a... We think it's a pore formation venom.

所以，這是一種……我們認為這是形成孔洞的毒液。

So, punches holes in things in cell membranes and stuff, 片語搭配

也就是在細胞膜之類的東西上打孔，

and it's just designed for pain.

它純粹是為了製造疼痛。

Really?

真的嗎？

Pain, pain, pain, and more pain.

痛，痛，痛，更痛。

Get away from me. 表達脈絡

離我遠點。

I'm a bad fish, kind of a stuff.

就像「我是條惡魚」這種感覺。

Exactly.

完全正確。

Okay, point to the eye on this side.

好，指一下這邊的眼睛。

There's an eye just there.

這兒就有一隻眼睛。

What?

什麼？

He's over there.

在那裡。

Just there.

就在那裡。

Oh, I see it.

喔，我看到了。

It's very it's clear.

很透……很清楚。

Rocket scientists. 語氣意圖

火箭科學家嘛。

Yeah.

對啊。

Rocket scientist.

火箭科學家。

Watch the cord

小心電線

Watch the cord

小心電線

Yep.

好的。

That'd be good, wouldn't it? 語氣意圖

那樣感覺一定很棒，對吧？

Yeah.

是啊。

Can I get some stonefish barbs in the face? 語氣意圖

我能在臉上挨幾根石頭魚刺嗎？

And get electrocuted at the same time.

然後同時被電擊。

And there he goes.

牠走了。

Oh, wow.

喔，哇。

So, here we are filming one of the world's ugliest animals.

所以，我們現在拍的是世界上最醜的動物之一。

We have Destin,

我們有 Destin，

and we also have a stonefish.

我們還有一條石頭魚。

This is the stonefish. 表達脈絡

這是石頭魚。

And that's the world's ugliest animal.

而那是最醜的動物。

Thank you.

謝謝。

All right, let's put him back.

好了，把牠放回去吧。

Okay, I hope you enjoyed that episode of Smarter Every Day about the stonefish,

好的，希望你喜歡這期關於石頭魚的 Smarter Every Day，

just like we're enjoying superhero hammock time.

就像我們現在正享受的超級英雄吊床時光一樣。

Put your Spider-Man glasses on.

戴上你的 Spider-Man 眼鏡。

Anyway, if you would like to support superhero hammock time and more Smarter Every Day episodes, 語氣意圖

總之，如果你想支持超級英雄吊床時光和更多 Smarter Every Day 的節目，

please go to audible.com/smarter and download a free audiobook.

請造訪 audible.com/smarter 免費下載一本有聲書。

Where do we listen to audiobooks?

我們在哪裡聽有聲書？

In the car.

在車裡。

That's right.

沒錯。

Anyway, if you would like to listen to a book, we're reading one together right now at super hero hammock time.

總之，如果你想聽書，我們現在在超級英雄吊床時光正一起讀一本。

What book are we reading?

我們在讀什麼書？

The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.

《The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe》。

That's right.

沒錯。

The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.

《The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe》。

You can get that or any other audiobook you want for free at audible.com/smarter.

你可以在 audible.com/smarter 免費獲得那本或任何你想要的有聲書。

That helps Smarter Every Day,

那能幫助 Smarter Every Day，

and it helps us do things like spend daddy time together.

也幫助我們做一些像這樣共度父子時光的事。

So, anyway,

那麼，總之，

and tickle.

搔癢癢。

Anyway, if you'd like to support us, audible.com/smarter.

總之，如果你想支持我們，audible.com/smarter。

I'll leave a link in the video description. 片語搭配

我會在影片資訊欄裡放個連結。

Thank you so much.

非常感謝。

I'm Destin.

我是 Destin。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在變得更聰明。

Have a good one. 片語搭配

祝你有愉快的一天。

Bye.

拜拜。

can you say bye?

你能說拜拜嗎？

Say bye.

說拜拜。

Bye.

拜拜。