這麼多就能要你的命 第二集：英語精讀講義

We all like to spice up our meals, 片語動詞

我們都喜歡替餐點增添一點風味，

but did you know that 129 teaspoons of pepper all at once could kill you? 講解

但你知道嗎？一次吃下129茶匙的胡椒就可能致命。

Perhaps more concerning is that eating as little as a few teaspoons of nutmeg can induce convulsions, 講解

更令人擔心的或許是，只要吃幾茶匙的肉豆蔻，就可能引發痙攣，

palpitations, nausea, and possibly death.

心悸、噁心，甚至死亡。

Of course, sugar has also been linked to a myriad of diseases, 片語搭配

當然，糖也被認為與各式各樣的疾病有關，

but for a 150 lb person,

但對一位體重150磅的人來說，

10.5 cups of sugar at once is deadly.

一次吃下10.5杯糖就足以致命。

With that much sugar,

吃下這麼多糖，

you might also develop some serious cavities,

你的牙齒還可能蛀得很嚴重，

but don't go eating toothpaste. 文法

但可別因此跑去吃牙膏。

Fluoride is very safe in small doses and can help fight cavities, 片語搭配

少量的氟化物非常安全，也有助於預防蛀牙，

but ingesting around 24 tubes with 170 ml or 6 oz each could be fatal.

但如果吞下約24條牙膏，每條170毫升（6盎司），就可能致命。

If you're trying to avoid wrinkles,

如果你想避免長皺紋，

just know that 68 ng of Botox is lethal.

要知道，68奈克的Botox就足以致命。

It does stand for botulinum toxin after all. 講解

畢竟，Botox本來就是「肉毒桿菌毒素」的簡稱。

Of course, injections use a tiny fraction of that amount,

當然，注射時使用的劑量只有它的一小部分，

which prevents nerves from firing, 文法

它會阻止神經發出訊號，

essentially paralyzing muscles.

基本上就是讓肌肉麻痺。

And while you've always been told to eat your fruits and veggies,

雖然大家總是告訴你要多吃蔬果，

enough oranges and you'd be overdosing on vitamin C. 文法

但柳橙吃得夠多，維生素C也會過量。

Granted, you'd need to eat about 11,000 at once to reach this dosage. 表達脈絡

不過，要達到這個劑量，你得一次吃下大約11,000顆柳橙。

809 vitamin supplements would do the same.

吃809顆維生素補充劑也會有同樣的結果。

If healthy food makes you run the other way, 講解

如果健康食品讓你只想拔腿就跑，

don't go too fast.

那也別跑得太快。

Though our bodies can handle amazingly fast speeds,

雖然我們的身體能承受快得驚人的速度，

we're not so great at acceleration.

卻不太能承受加速度。

The Earth is flying around the Sun at around 1,600 km/h

地球正以大約每小時1,600公里的速度繞著太陽飛行，

and it doesn't faze you. 用詞

而你對此毫無感覺。

But if it started accelerating to a faster speed,

但如果它開始加速到更高的速度，

we'd all feel the jolt.

我們都會感受到那股衝擊。

14 Gs of lateral acceleration

橫向加速度達到14 G時，

and your organs would start to tear loose from one another.

你的器官就會開始彼此撕裂分離。

Running fast will also warm you up,

跑得快也會讓身體升溫，

but when internal temperatures exceed 40 degrees Celsius,

但當體內溫度超過攝氏40度時，

heatstroke will kick in and could potentially lead to death. 片語動詞

你就會中暑，甚至可能因此死亡。

Sweating can help cool you down,

流汗能幫助身體降溫，

but with any extreme heat, dehydration sets in, 片語動詞

但只要遇上極端高溫，身體就會開始脫水，

causing decreased blood flow to vital organs like the kidneys and the brain. 文法

導致流向腎臟和大腦等重要器官的血液減少。

As a result, they begin to shut off, 表達脈絡

因此，這些器官會開始停止運作，

while the intestines break down and release harmful bacteria into your bloodstream. 片語動詞

同時腸道會受損，並將有害細菌釋放到血液中。

Of course, cool your internal temperature down too much

當然，如果體內溫度降得太低，

below 21 degrees Celsius

低於攝氏21度，

and your body enters a lethal phase of hypothermia,

身體就會進入致命的失溫狀態，

which causes veins to constrict and blood flow to decrease, 文法

這會使靜脈收縮、血流量減少，

focusing warmth on internal organs until they begin to fail too.

把熱量集中在內部器官，直到它們也開始衰竭。

If you're trying to see those internal organs,

如果你想看看這些內部器官，

try to avoid getting 7,143 abdominal X-rays back to back, 講解

可別接連照7,143次腹部X光，

which is enough cumulative radiation to kill you. 用詞

因為累積的輻射量足以致命。

This ionizing radiation has enough energy to rip electrons from atoms.

這種游離輻射的能量足以將電子從原子中剝離。

5 grays of radiation is enough to kill 50% of the population, 文化背景

5戈雷的輻射量足以殺死50%的人，

which a nuclear blast could administer.

而一次核爆就可能讓人受到這樣的輻射劑量。

If you're hiding from a nuclear blast,

如果你正躲避核爆，

be careful of eating too many green potatoes in your bunker.

要小心，別在掩體裡吃太多發綠的馬鈴薯。

The green color that forms on the skin is actually chlorophyll,

馬鈴薯表皮出現的綠色其實是葉綠素，

which isn't toxic, 表達脈絡

它本身沒有毒，

but indicates the presence of the toxin solanine,

但這表示其中含有龍葵鹼這種毒素，

which is a defense mechanism against pests. 片語搭配

這是馬鈴薯用來抵禦害蟲的防禦機制。

You might get sick from eating one,

吃一顆或許只會讓你身體不適，

but eat around 25 of these medium-sized green potatoes

但如果吃下大約25顆這種中等大小的發綠馬鈴薯，

and your life could be on the line. 慣用語

你的性命就可能岌岌可危。

What's good for our own survival in small doses 文法

有些物質小劑量時有助於我們生存，

can sometimes be lethal, like potassium.

但有時也可能致命，例如鉀。

Potassium ions are essential for nerve impulses and muscle contractions,

鉀離子對神經衝動和肌肉收縮至關重要，

but potassium chloride is also used for lethal injections. 文化背景

但氯化鉀也會用於執行注射死刑。

You'd need to eat about 480 bananas to reach this lethal amount,

你得吃下大約480根香蕉，才會攝取到這樣的致死量，

but your stomach might burst before you reach that.

但在那之前，你的胃可能就先撐破了。

Just remember,

只要記住，

the dose is the poison. 慣用語

劑量決定毒性。

If you want more examples of weird things that could kill you,

如果你還想知道更多可能致命的奇怪事物，

check out part one of this video.

可以看看這支影片的第一集。

You can also watch our latest video when scientists go to music festivals

你也可以觀看我們的最新影片，看看科學家去音樂祭時會發生什麼，

if you're looking for a good laugh and some facts and stats

如果你想找點樂子，再學些事實和統計數據，

to impress your music-loving friends.

好讓愛音樂的朋友對你刮目相看。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos every Thursday.

別忘了訂閱我們，每週四收看更多科學影片。