割包皮 vs 不割包皮——哪個更好？：英語精讀講義

This episode is supported by Hims.

本集影片由 Hims 贊助。

Circumcision of the male penis has been practiced for thousands of years, 文法

男性包皮環切的做法已有數千年歷史，

often related to cultural and religious traditions.

通常與文化和宗教傳統有關。

But whether you're cut or uncut, 文法

不過，不論你割過還是沒割過包皮，

is one better in terms of health,

哪一種對健康更有利，

how it feels,

感覺更好，

or sex?

或是性體驗更佳呢？

Circumcision is a medical procedure that removes the foreskin from the head of the penis,

包皮環切術是一種切除陰莖頭部包皮的醫療手術，

exposing the glans. 文法

讓龜頭露出。

Though its exact origin and intent is still debated,

儘管它的確切起源和目的仍有爭議，

by the time it became common in the English-speaking world the 19th century,

但到19世紀它在英語世界普及之時，

it was actually used in order to reduce sexual pleasure

這種手術其實被用來降低性快感，

and as a deterrent to masturbation, 用詞

並被當成遏止自慰的手段，

which was believed to cause many mental and physical illnesses. 文法

因為當時人們認為自慰會導致許多身心疾病。

But the medical benefits of circumcision came into question in the late 1960s 片語搭配

不過，到了1960年代末期，包皮環切術的醫療效益開始受到質疑，

when the research community came out against it, 片語動詞

當時研究界公開表示反對，

claiming that there was no clear medical benefit

聲稱它並沒有明確的醫療效益，

and the risk for severe blood loss,

而且出現嚴重失血、

infection,

感染，

or death was high.

甚至死亡的風險很高。

This resulted in a decline in circumcised men. 片語搭配

這使接受包皮環切術的男性比例下降。

In the US,

在美國，

circumcision rates in hospitals dropped from 64.5% in 1979 文法

醫院實施包皮環切術的比例從1979年的64.5%

to 58.3% in 2010.

降至2010年的58.3%。

But worldwide,

但在全球，

only around 33% of males are estimated to be circumcised. 文法

據估計，只有約33%的男性割過包皮。

However,

然而，

even more modern research has shown that it can reduce the risk of developing penile cancer 片語搭配

更近期的研究顯示，它可以降低罹患陰莖癌

and infections such as syphilis,

以及感染梅毒、

gonorrhea,

淋病

and herpes.

和皰疹的風險。

It can also reduce HIV risk by up to 60%. 文法

它還能讓感染 HIV 的風險最多降低60%。

A study done in Uganda involving heterosexual couples 文法

在烏干達進行的一項異性伴侶研究中，

where one partner was HIV positive

其中一方為 HIV 陽性，

showed that none of the circumcised men received HIV over the 30 months

結果顯示，在30個月內，割過包皮的男性沒有一人感染 HIV，

while 40 out of 137 men that were not circumcised

而137名未割包皮的男性中有40人

ended up developing HIV. 片語動詞

最後感染了 HIV。

This evidence holds true across sub-Saharan Africa, 慣用語

這類證據在整個撒哈拉以南非洲地區都獲得了印證，

but is not as clear in developed nations

但在已開發國家，證據並沒有這麼明確，

or between homosexual men where more studies are needed.

男同性戀者之間同樣如此，仍需進行更多研究。

For women,

對女性來說，

a circumcised sexual partner may have a reduced risk of HPV,

如果性伴侶割過包皮，她們感染 HPV 的風險可能會降低，

thereby reducing their risk of developing cervical cancer. 表達脈絡

進而降低罹患子宮頸癌的風險。

So,

那麼，

how does circumcision protect against STIs?

包皮環切術是如何預防性傳染病的呢？

A study completed by Dr. Price and his team at Northern Arizona University

Price 博士與他在北亞利桑那大學的團隊所完成的一項研究

showed that 1 year after adult circumcision,

顯示，成人接受包皮環切術一年後，

the males ended up with 81% less bacteria on and around their penis.

這些男性陰莖表面及周圍的細菌量減少了81%。

Dr. Price explained that with uncircumcised men,

Price 博士解釋，對未割包皮的男性來說，

the foreskin may be susceptible to infection 片語搭配

包皮可能比較容易受到感染，

because the bacteria overload could prevent specialized skin cells known as Langerhans cells 文法

因為細菌過多，可能會使一種名為朗格漢斯細胞的特殊皮膚細胞無法

from stimulating the immune system.

啟動免疫系統。

However,

不過，

with good hygiene,

只要維持良好的衛生習慣，

these risks can be minimized.

就能把這些風險降到最低。

The benefits of circumcision begin to decrease when you study sexual pleasure.

但一旦把性快感納入考量，包皮環切術的優勢就開始打折扣。

Research indicates that the removal of the foreskin reduces sensitivity of the penis. 表達脈絡

研究顯示，切除包皮會降低陰莖的敏感度。

The foreskin is innervated with specialized nerves that can detect light touch like the nerves found on our fingertips and lips.

包皮上分布著特殊神經，能像指尖和嘴唇上的神經一樣感覺到輕微碰觸。

The most sensitive part of the penis is found between the transition region

陰莖最敏感的部位位於一處過渡區域，

between the external and internal part of the foreskin,

也就是包皮外層與內層之間，

which is the region exposed when the foreskin rolls back during sexual activity. 片語動詞

性行為時包皮向後翻，這個區域就會露出。

Studies have shown that even the most sensitive part of a circumcised penis

研究顯示，即使是割過包皮的陰莖上最敏感的部位，

is not as sensitive as the foreskin. 文法

也不如包皮敏感。

But this reduced sensitivity due to circumcision

不過，包皮環切術造成的敏感度降低

could allow men to last longer during sex. 文法

或許能讓男性在性行為中更持久。

One study documented 47 men who experienced premature ejaculation.

一項研究記錄了47名有早洩問題的男性。

When studying before versus after circumcision,

比較他們接受包皮環切術前後的情況後，

it was found that the time of ejaculation 文法

研究發現，他們達到射精所需的時間

increased almost tenfold once they were circumcised 片語搭配

在割包皮後延長到原本的將近十倍，

and partner satisfaction increased as well.

伴侶的滿意度也跟著提升。

When it comes to visual preference for circumcised or uncircumcised penises, 片語搭配

至於從外觀上偏好割過或沒割過包皮的陰莖，

it's mostly based on experiences and biases.

主要取決於個人經驗與偏見。

The Canadian Pediatric Association claims that

加拿大兒科協會表示，

because of the low risk of infection in North America,

鑑於北美的感染風險較低，

mandatory circumcision is not warranted. 用詞

沒有必要強制施行包皮環切術。

However,

不過，

in parts of the world where STIs are rampant, 用詞

在性傳染病盛行的地區，

the benefits of circumcision could outweigh the risk. 慣用語

包皮環切術的好處可能大於風險。

At the end of the day, 慣用語

說到底，

if you live in a developed nation and are hygienic,

如果你住在已開發國家，也維持良好的衛生習慣，

there isn't that big of a difference between the two. 用詞

兩者其實沒有太大差別。

A huge thank you to Hims for sponsoring this episode.

非常感謝 Hims 贊助本集影片。

Hims is a new company designed for guys

Hims 是一家專為男性打造的新公司，

to get trusted quality medical recommendations and treatments

旨在提供值得信賴的優質醫療建議和治療方案，

for issues that can sometimes feel scary or embarrassing to approach.

幫助解決那些有時讓人害怕面對或難以啟齒的問題。

Whether it's hair loss or skin issues or erectile dysfunction,

無論是掉髮、皮膚問題，還是勃起功能障礙，

it can be tough to start addressing these issues.

要開始正視並處理這些問題，都可能很困難。

So,

因此，

Hims uses real doctors and medical grade products in order to offer you solutions.

Hims 透過執業醫師和醫療級產品，為你提供解決方案。

We see this a lot with our friends

我們常在朋友身上看到這種情況：

where they might want to go to the doctor for something like hair loss,

他們可能想為掉髮之類的問題去看醫師，

but they're too nervous to. 文法

卻因為太緊張而不敢去。

If you check out our link forhims.com/asaphair,

如果你前往我們的連結 forhims.com/asaphair，

you'll get a month trial which includes a virtual visit with a doctor

就能獲得一個月的試用服務，其中包含一次醫師線上問診，

and this comprehensive hair kit for only $5.

以及這套完整的護髮套組，全部只要5美元。

It's all confidential,

全程都會嚴格保密，

so you can take your health into your own hands. 慣用語

這樣你就能把健康掌握在自己手中。

Again,

再次，

thank you to Hims.

感謝 Hims。

We think it's really cool that they want to support a video about men's health.

我們覺得，他們願意支持一部關於男性健康的影片，真的很棒。

So,

所以，

make sure you're subscribed

記得訂閱我們的頻道，

and we'll see you next Thursday for a new science video.

下週四再見，我們會帶來一部全新的科學影片。

Peace.

掰掰。