游泳的歷史 - 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

Hi, Neil from BBC Learning English here.

大家好，我是 BBC Learning English 的 Neil。

Did you know that we are now offering a new weekly extra episode of 6 Minute English

你知道我們現在每週都會推出一集全新的 6 Minute English 額外節目嗎？

exclusively on our website.

並且僅在我們的網站上獨家提供。

So, go to bbclearningenglish.com

所以，請前往 bbclearningenglish.com

to find your favorite presenters on your favorite program.

在你最喜歡的節目中尋找你最喜歡的主持人吧。

The extra episodes are only available on our website bbclearningenglish.com.

額外節目僅在我們的網站 bbclearningenglish.com 上提供。

See you there.

我們在那裡等你。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

這裡是來自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

大家好，這裡是來自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。

I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

And I'm Georgina.

我是 Georgina。

Can you swim, Georgina?

Georgina，妳會游泳嗎？

I can, Neil.

我會的，Neil。

I learned to swim as a child

我小時候就學會了游泳，

and now I enjoy swimming for exercise and to relax. 文法

現在我喜歡透過游泳來運動和放鬆。

In the summer, hundreds of keen swimmers like Georgina 用詞

在夏天，成百上千像 Georgina 這樣熱愛游泳的人

head off to swimming pools, lakes, and beaches 片語動詞

會前往游泳池、湖泊和海灘

to take a dip, 慣用語

去 'take a dip'（泡一泡），

an informal idiom meaning go for a swim.

這是一個非正式習語，意思是去游泳。

Swimming has many health benefits

游泳有許多對健康有益的地方，

and since ancient times

並且自古以來

has been used to promote strength and well-being. 文法

就被用來增強體力與促進健康。

But swimming's not just about exercise. 表達脈絡

但游泳不僅僅是運動而已。

There's far more to it beneath the surface 講解

在水面之下還有更多深層的內涵，

as we'll be finding out in this program on the history of swimming. 表達脈絡

正如我們將在這期關於游泳歷史的節目中瞭解到的那樣。

Although evidence suggests that ancient Mediterranean people 表達脈絡

雖然有證據顯示，古代地中海人

dived eagerly into temple pleasure pools, lakes and the sea,

曾踴躍跳入寺廟娛樂池、湖泊和大海中，

other cultures have swam against the tide. 慣用語

但其他文化卻 'swam against the tide'（反其道而行）。

Another swimming idiom there, Neil,

Neil，這又是一個關於游泳的習語，

meaning not to follow what everyone else is doing.

意思是不隨波逐流，不跟著別人盲從。

Someone who did enjoy swimming was the poet Lord Byron. 文法

確實有一位非常喜歡游泳的人，那就是詩人拜倫勳爵。

He wrote poems popularizing the sport 用詞

他寫詩普及這項運動，

and in 1810 swam the Hellespont, 講解

並在1810年游過了赫勒斯滂（Hellespont），

a stretch of water separating Europe from Asia.

這是一片將歐洲與亞洲分開的水域。

But in which modern country can the Hellespont be found?

但在現代，哪個國家能找到赫勒斯滂呢？

That's my quiz question, Georgina.

Georgina，這是我的測驗問題。

Is it A, Greece, B, Cyprus, or C, Turkey?

是 A 希臘，B 賽普勒斯，還是 C 土耳其？

I think Lord Byron visited Istanbul,

我想拜倫勳爵曾去過伊斯坦堡，

so I'll say C, Turkey.

所以我選 C，土耳其。

Okay, we'll find out the answer at the end of the program. 片語動詞

好的，我們將在節目最後揭曉答案。

For all its good points, 片語搭配

儘管游泳有許多好處，

swimming seems to have lost its appeal in Europe 片語搭配

但在羅馬帝國衰落之後，

after the decline of the Roman Empire. 文化背景

它在歐洲似乎失去了吸引力。

According to historian and swimming enthusiast Professor Kevin Dawson, 表達脈絡

歷史學家兼游泳愛好者 Kevin Dawson 教授認為，

the rise of Christian beliefs discouraged swimming 講解

基督教信仰的興起阻礙了游泳的發展，

as he explains here to BBC World Service program The Forum.

正如他在 BBC 國際頻道節目《論壇》中所解釋的那樣。

You have some beliefs that water is unsafe space, 用詞

存在這樣一種觀念，認為水域是不安全的空間，

unnatural space for human beings

對人類來說是不自然的空間，

that it's a perpetuation of the chaos that existed before God created land 用詞

認為它是上帝創造陸地之前存在的混沌的延續，

or that water is a mechanism for punishment like the great flood story 講解

或者水是一種懲罰機制，就像大洪水的故事，

or Pharaoh's army being destroyed in the Red Sea.

或者法老的軍隊在紅海被摧毀那樣。

But then there's also beliefs that swimming is immodest. 用詞

但同時也有觀念認為游泳是不端莊的。

I mean, most people at the time swam nude 用詞

我的意思是，當時大多數人都是裸泳，

and so church officials discouraged swimming

因此教會官員不鼓勵游泳，

because they felt that it led to immodest behavior. 片語搭配

因為他們覺得這會導致不檢點的行為。

As well as being considered unsafe or chaotic, 片語搭配

除了被認為是不安全或混沌的之外，

swimming was seen as immodest, 片語搭配

游泳還被認為是不端莊的，

shocking because it shows too much of the body.

令人震驚的，因為它暴露了太多身體部位。

This was because most people at the time swam nude,

這是因為當時大多數人都裸泳，

naked without clothes.

不穿衣服，赤身裸體。

Another place with a long history of swimming

另一個有著悠久游泳歷史的地方

is the remote Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean. 文化背景

是印度洋上偏遠的馬爾地夫群島。

In the Maldives,

在馬爾地夫，

access to shallow warm seawater lakes called lagoons 文化背景

人們可以很容易前往被稱為潟湖的溫暖淺水海水湖，

makes it an unbeatable place for swimming. 片語搭配

這使其成為無與倫比的游泳勝地。

But even on a tropical island,

但即使在熱帶島嶼上，

things haven't always gone swimmingly 慣用語

事情也並非總是 'swimmingly'（一帆風順）的，

as diver and Maldives resident Mikael Rosen

正如潛水員、馬爾地夫居民 Mikael Rosen

told BBC World Service program The Forum.

告訴 BBC 國際頻道節目《論壇》的那樣。

Listen for the reason Mikael gives for 表達脈絡

請聽 Mikael 給出的關於

the change in people's attitudes to swimming in the Maldives. 片語搭配

馬爾地夫人們對游泳態度發生轉變的原因。

No citizens of the Maldives have half a mile to a lukewarm lagoon. 片語搭配

沒有哪個馬爾地夫公民距離溫暖的潟湖超過半英里。

Given that they could be world leading in swimming, 講解

考量到他們在游泳方面本可以領先世界，

but in the 1960s

但在20世紀60年代，

the government recruited a lot of teachers from India, Sri Lanka, 用詞

政府從印度、斯里蘭卡招募了大量教師，

they didn't know anything about the water culture 文化背景

他們對水文化一無所知，

and they noticed that the young students playing hooky.

然後他們注意到年輕學生 'playing hooky'（翹課）。

They were in the lagoons.

他們當時都在潟湖裡。

And swimming soon got frowned upon. 片語動詞

於是游泳很快就不受認可了。

But now the government and the local organizations,

但現在，政府和地方組織，

they try to reclaim swimming. 用詞

他們正試圖恢復游泳運動。

Did you hear the reason Michael gave, Neil?

Neil，你聽到 Michael 給出的原因了嗎？

Yes, he said that young students were playing hooky to go swimming in the lagoons. 慣用語

聽到了，他說年輕學生翹課去潟湖裡游泳。

Play hooky is an informal way of saying stay away from school without permission.

Play hooky 是一種非正式說法，意思是未經允許不去上學。

Right, and that meant swimming quickly got frowned upon or disapproved of.

沒錯，這意味著游泳很快就遭到反對或不被認可。

It seems a bit unfair since there was already a strong culture of swimming in the Maldives, 講解

這似乎有點不公平，因為馬爾地夫已經有了濃厚的游泳文化，

which the arriving teachers didn't fully appreciate. 用詞

而新來的老師們並沒有完全理解這一點。

Well, I know which I'd rather do, 文法

好吧，我知道我寧願做什麼，

sit in a classroom or swim in a warm tropical lagoon.

是坐在教室裡還是在溫暖的熱帶潟湖裡游泳。

Swimming, right?

游泳，對吧？

But then you would never have learned about Lord Byron. 文法

但那樣你就永遠學不到關於拜倫勳爵的知識了。

Yes, in your quiz question you asked me about Lord Byron swimming the Hellespont,

是的，在你的測驗題中，你問我關於拜倫勳爵游過赫勒斯滂的事，

a stretch of water separating Europe from Asia.

那是一片將歐洲與亞洲分開的水域。

I asked you in which country the Hellespont can be found.

我問你赫勒斯滂在哪個國家。

Is it A, Greece, B, Cyprus, or C, Turkey?

是 A 希臘，B 賽普勒斯，還是 C 土耳其？

What did you say?

你是怎麼回答的？

I said C, Turkey.

我選了 C，土耳其。

Was I right?

我答對了嗎？

Yes, you were, Georgina.

是的，妳答對了，Georgina。

The Hellespont, also known as the Straits of Dardanelles, 片語搭配

赫勒斯滂，又稱達達尼爾海峽，

is a 6 km wide stretch of water in Turkey.

是土耳其境內一片6公里寬的水域。

Let's recap the vocabulary from this program on swimming, 表達脈絡

讓我們複習一下這期關於游泳節目中的詞彙，

which some people informally call taking a dip.

有些人通俗地稱游泳為 'taking a dip'。

Someone who swims against the tide refuses to do what everyone else is doing.

'swims against the tide'（逆流而上）的人拒絕隨波逐流。

In the past, swimming was considered immodest,

在過去，游泳被認為是不端莊的，

shocking because it showed too much of the body.

令人震驚的，因為它暴露了太多身體。

Another word for naked or not wearing any clothes is nude.

裸體或不穿任何衣服的另一個詞是 nude。

Children who play hooky stay away from school without permission.

'play hooky'（翹課）的孩子未經允許就不去上學。

And finally, if something is frowned upon,

最後，如果某事被 'frowned upon'（皺眉看待），

it's disapproved of.

那就是不被贊成的。

That's all for our dive into the deep end of the vocabulary of swimming. 慣用語

關於游泳詞彙的深入探討就到這裡。

As we've discovered,

正如我們所發現的，

there's plenty of idioms and expressions relating to swimming and water.

有很多與游泳和水有關的習語和表達方式。

And check us out on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. 片語動詞

請在 Facebook、Twitter 和 Instagram 上關注我們。

Don't forget we have an app too,

別忘了我們還有一個應用程式，

which you can download for free from the app stores.

你可以從應用程式商店免費下載。

We help you learn English on the move. 慣用語

我們幫你隨時隨地學習英語。

Grammar, vocabulary, and interesting topics,

文法、詞彙和有趣的話題，

we have them all.

我們應有盡有。

Visit our website, get the app.

造訪我們的網站，取得這款應用程式。

Bye for now. 語氣意圖

暫且說到這裡。

Goodbye.

再見。

6 Minute English from the BBC.

來自 BBC 的 6 Minute English。