冰冷的硬核科學：慢動作下的擊射物理學 - 每天聰明一點點 112：英語精讀講義

Hey, it's me Destin and welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

大家好，我是 Destin，歡迎回到 Smarter Every Day。

So, it might surprise you to know that we have hockey at the university that I went to. 表達脈絡

你們可能會驚訝地發現，我讀過的大學裡竟然有冰球隊。

Anyway, today we're going to talk about the physics of a slap shot.

總之，今天我們要探討的是擊射的物理學。

Get smarter every day.

每天變聰明一點點。

No way, you're missing a tooth? 語氣意圖

不會吧，你少了一顆牙？

That's so stereotypical hockey player.

真是太典型的冰球運動員了。

Can I see it?

我能看看嗎？

When did you get your tooth knocked out? 文法

你的牙是什麼時候被打掉的？

3 years ago.

3年前。

3 what?

3什麼？

3 and 1/2 years ago.

3年半前。

That's awesome, dude.

太酷了，兄弟。

Is it like a rite of passage that you have to lose a tooth in order to play hockey? 講解

打冰球掉牙是一種必須經歷的成年禮嗎？

No, I mean uh Just the good players?

不，我的意思是……只有好球員才這樣？

Just the good ones.

只有好球員才這樣。

All right, so here's what we're going to do today. 表達脈絡

好了，這就是我們今天要做的。

We're going to do hit the puck

我們準備去擊打冰球，

and record it with a Phantom, which I have set up over there. 講解

並且用我架設在那邊的 Phantom 攝影機記錄下來。

And then we're going to see exactly what's happening.

然後我們要看看究竟發生了什麼事。

I've heard that you don't actually hit the puck first, 語氣意圖

我聽說你其實並不是先擊打冰球的，

but I want to look at the dynamics of how that happens.

但我想看看這是如何發生的動態過程。

But first, let's look at your stick here.

但首先，讓我們看看你的球桿。

What kind of stick is that?

那是什麼球桿？

Is it a wooden stick?

是木製的嗎？

No, it's a one piece composite.

不，是一體成型的複合材料球桿。

Mine's an 85 flex.

我的硬度是 85。

I like mine a little whippier. 用詞

我喜歡稍微更有彈性的。

Whippier is 85

更有彈性的硬度是 85。

I love that word.

我喜歡這個詞。

Yeah, well Can you say that as much as possible during this video?

是的，那你這支影片裡能盡可能多說這個詞嗎？

Yeah, I can say it.

行，我可以多說。

It's a little more whip uh to it.

它的彈性稍微大一點。

You can get a stiffer one for the bigger guys.

體型更大的球員可以用更硬的。

I don't understand how you can hit that hard.

我不明白你怎麼能打得那麼用力。

That's crazy.

太瘋狂了。

I respect goalies a lot more now.

我現在更加尊敬守門員了。

Okay, let's get the Phantom.

好了，我們去拿 Phantom 攝影機。

Whoa, I've fallen!

哇，我摔倒了！

All right, bring it. 語氣意圖

好的，拿過來。

Okay, so we got the close-up shot. 用詞

好了，我們拍到了特寫鏡頭。

Now what we're going to do is we're going to transition to a wide shot.

現在我們要切換到廣角鏡頭。

We're going to keep the Phantom at 3200 frames per second, 用詞

我們將把 Phantom 設定為每秒 3200 幀，

but the goal here, the data we're looking for,

但我們這裡的目標，我們要找的數據，

is we're going to try to preload that stick 用詞

是嘗試讓球桿預先受力，

and get the entire flex or the deformation of the stick

並獲取球桿在變形時的完整彎曲程度，

while he goes in for the slap shot.

當他進行擊射的時候。

The slap shot is the fastest shot in hockey.

擊射是冰球中最快的射門方式。

So, what's the advantage of having a flexible stick?

那麼，使用有彈性的球桿有什麼優勢呢？

Let's check out the high speed. 片語動詞

讓我們看看高速鏡頭。

The player stores potential energy in the stick by striking the ice before he hits the puck. 講解

球員在擊中冰球之前，先透過擊打冰面在球桿中儲存位能。

Now, this seems like it would waste energy and slow down his shot, 文法

這看起來似乎會浪費能量並減慢射門速度，

but it actually does the opposite. 片語搭配

但實際上恰恰相反。

By gradually releasing that potential energy stored up in the stick like a slingshot, 片語動詞

就像彈弓一樣，透過逐漸釋放儲存在球桿中的位能，

the player can make the puck go even faster than he can swing the stick. 文法

球員能使冰球的速度比他揮桿的速度還要快。

Look at the over-flex here as the stick outruns the player's hands. 慣用語

看看這裡的過度彎曲，球桿的速度超過了球員的手速。

This means that a good slap shot is all about timing. 片語搭配

這意味著一次好的擊射關鍵在於時機。

And not just the timing about where you're going to hit the ice, 文法

不僅僅是擊打冰面位置的時機，

but also knowing how long it takes that stored up energy to whip out of your stick.

還要知道那些儲存的能量需要多長時間才能從球桿中釋放出來。

So, to understand the flexibility of a hockey stick,

所以，為了理解冰球桿的彈性，

we're here with my friend Dr. Jeff Evans.

我們請來了我的朋友 Dr. Jeff Evans。

We are friends, correct?

我們是朋友，對吧？

Can I say that?

我能這麼說嗎？

We are friends.

我們是朋友。

We are friends.

我們是朋友。

I once tried to convince him to shoot a coyote in his pasture cuz I thought no,

我曾經試圖說服他在牧場裡開槍打一隻郊狼，因為我以為那是……不對，

it wasn't a coyote.

牠不是郊狼。

We thought it was a coyote.

我們以為牠是郊狼。

He thought it was a coyote, but it was a donkey.

他以為牠是郊狼，但那是頭驢子。

It was a donkey.

是一頭驢子。

You break things, right?

你們的工作就是破壞東西，對吧？

We do.

沒錯。

We break things by pushing, pulling, twisting, fatigue. 用詞

我們透過推、拉、扭轉、疲勞來破壞東西。

We wear them out. 片語動詞

我們把它們磨損。

We break them.

我們把它們弄斷。

Okay, some bonus footage.

好了，一些彩蛋花絮。

We're going to crush a hockey puck here.

我們要在這裡壓碎一個冰球。

Check it out.

看看這個。

80,000 lb on a hockey puck.

80,000 磅的力壓在一個冰球上。

One interesting thing I discovered while doing this 表達脈絡

在做這件事時，我發現了一件有趣的事，

is hockey players often have no idea what the flex number on their stick means. 文法

冰球運動員通常根本不知道球桿上的硬度數值意味著什麼。

If you uh support a stick on both sides here and you hang weights right in the center,

如果你在這裡支撐球桿的兩端，並在正中間掛上重物，

that flex number that's on every single hockey stick 用詞

每根冰球桿上的那個硬度數值

is an indication for how much weight it takes to deflect a hockey stick 1 in.

指的是使冰球桿彎曲 1 英寸需要多少磅的重量。

The problem is, often manufacturers don't do it correctly,

問題是，製造商通常標得不準確，

so we have all these sticks from different manufacturers and

所以我們找來了不同製造商生產的球桿，

Dr. Evans is going to take the data as I apply weight to the stick and

當我在球桿上施加重量時，Dr. Evans 會記錄數據，

we're going to measure the actual flex number against the claimed flex number. 片語搭配

我們要將測量出的實際硬度數值與標稱數值進行對比。

We hung calibrated weights from four different sticks, each with a different flex number.

我們在四根標有不同硬度數值的球桿上掛了校準過的重物。

Then we recorded the deflection values for each stick and generated a curve representing its stiffness. 用詞

然後我們記錄了每根球桿的彎曲位移數值，並生成了一條代表其硬度的曲線。

The flex value is the weight in pounds required to deflect the stick 1 in.

硬度數值是使球桿彎曲 1 英寸所需的重量（以磅為單位）。

The numbers we measured, however, were much lower than the manufacturers' numbers, 表達脈絡

然而，我們測得的數值遠低於製造商標稱的數值，

but this is probably because the sticks were used and they lost their stiffness over time. 表達脈絡

但這可能是因為這些球桿使用過，隨著時間推移失去了硬度。

Check it out, though.

不過看看這個。

Real science.

真正的科學。

Let's take a closer look, though.

讓我們再仔細看看。

A beam deflection equation can be used to model a hockey stick's flex. 文法

我們可以用樑的撓度方程式來模擬冰球桿的彎曲。

This force represents the pivot hand

這個力代表作為支點的手，

and this force represents the stick hitting the ice.

這個力代表球桿擊打冰面。

The maximum displacement happens right here in the middle where the player's hand pushes on the stick.

最大位移發生在這裡，也就是球員的手推壓球桿的中間位置。

In engineering, we use two types of diagrams called shear and moment diagrams 用詞

在工程學中，我們使用剪力圖和彎矩圖這兩種圖表

to understand the stresses on the inside of a beam.

來理解樑內部的受力情況。

So, if our hockey player is strong enough to actually break a stick while doing a slap shot, 文法

那麼，如果我們的冰球運動員足夠強壯，能在擊射時把球桿打斷，

according to science, where exactly along the stick is it going to break?

根據科學，它究竟會在球桿的哪個位置斷裂？

You get it?

你猜到了嗎？

So, where do you think it broke relative to where your hand was? 片語搭配

那麼，相對於你的手，你覺得它是從哪裡斷的？

Huh?

嗯？

Probably in it.

可能就在手那裡。

Like you think it was in your hand when it broke?

你覺得斷裂的時候它在你的手裡？

Oh, yeah.

噢，是的。

Yeah.

是的。

All right, let's make sure I got it on slow mo. 用詞

好了，確認一下我用慢動作拍到了。

Did you see that?

你看到了嗎？

There are two types of loading that added up to break the stick.

導致球桿斷裂的是兩種疊加在一起的受力。

First, he flexed it on the ice,

首先，他在冰面上將其壓彎，

but it wasn't until he tried to actually accelerate the puck 文法

但直到他真正試圖讓冰球加速時，

that it kicked it up over its maximum stress limit and actually broke the stick. 用詞

壓力才超過了其最大應力極限，真正把球桿弄斷了。

That is awesome.

這真是太不可思議了。

So, thanks for sticking with me as I try to explain a sport I don't truly understand. 慣用語

感謝你們堅持看到這裡，聽我解釋一項我並不完全懂的運動。

If you'd like to help us smarter every day and help me do crazy stuff like this,

如果你想幫助 Smarter Every Day，幫助我做這樣瘋狂的事情，

you can support the sponsor, which is audible.com.

你可以支持我們的贊助商 audible.com。

Go to audible.com/smarter and get a free audiobook.

前往 audible.com/smarter 即可免費獲得一本有聲書。

They've got thousands to choose from.

他們有成千上萬的書可供選擇。

Get whatever you want.

隨便挑你想聽的。

You can do a free trial, free book, free trial.

你可以免費試用，免費聽書，免費試用。

You can download it and listen to it, and if you don't like it, you can return it and get another one.

你可以下載並收聽，如果不喜歡，還可以退換另一本。

It's a pretty good deal.

這挺划算的。

Anyway,

總之，

I used it long before they asked to sponsor Smarter Every Day,

早在他們提出贊助 Smarter Every Day 之前我就一直在用它了，

so I'm more than happy to suggest it to you. 片語搭配

所以我非常樂意向大家推薦它。

audible.com/smarter.

audible.com/smarter。

I get credit for you checking out Audible 片語搭配

你去試試 Audible 會讓我得到獎勵，

and it helps Smarter Every Day move forward and do more crazy stuff.

這也有助於 Smarter Every Day 繼續前進，做更多瘋狂的事情。

Anyway, I'm Destin.

總之，我是 Destin。

Get smarter every day.

每天變聰明一點點。

Thank you very much.

非常感謝。

Have a good one. 語氣意圖

祝你愉快。

Before and after.

斷裂前後。

It was a smashing good time. 慣用語

真是令人大呼過癮的破壞時光。

You want more whippiness or more stiffiness? 用詞

你想要更有彈性一點的還是更硬一點的？

Oh, all in preference.

噢，全看個人喜好。

It's for science.

這是為了科學。

I need a new stick.

我需要一根新球桿。