如果人類和動物發生關係會怎樣？：英語精讀講義

On your quest to find a soulmate,

在尋找靈魂伴侶的路上，

it's expected that you would cringe at the idea of finding beauty in the beast. 講解

一想到要在野獸身上發現美，你會渾身不自在也很正常。

But we were all for Belle falling in love with a water buffalo. 片語搭配

但我們都很支持貝兒愛上一頭水牛。

So what are the issues with bestiality anyways?

那麼，獸交到底有什麼問題呢？

What would actually happen if you had sex with an animal? 文法

如果你真的和動物發生性關係，會怎麼樣？

Before you start flirting with huskies on the street,

在你開始當街和哈士奇調情之前，

biological mechanisms are in place to prevent sex between different species. 片語搭配

生物機制早已設下防線，阻止不同物種之間發生性關係。

If two different species' sperm and egg can't even fuse,

如果兩個不同物種的精子和卵子根本無法融合，

this is called a pre-zygotic mechanism. 用詞

這就叫做合子前機制。

Examples are if two species have incompatible sex organs that won't fit,

例如，兩個物種的生殖器官互不相容，根本無法契合，

two species live in such different locations that they can never bang, 講解

或是兩個物種生活的地點相隔太遠，永遠沒機會交配，

or they have different mating rituals,

又或是牠們的求偶儀式不同，

so are never even interested in trying.

所以連試試看的興趣都沒有。

Even if two different species end up managing to have sex, 文法

即使兩個不同物種最後真的發生了性關係，

it's unlikely the sperm and egg would produce an offspring. 文法

精子和卵子也不太可能孕育出後代。

In the case of bestiality with you and a closely related species like a baboon,

以你和狒狒這類近緣物種發生獸交為例，

one study showed that human sperm couldn't attach to the protein surface of the eggs of baboons.

一項研究顯示，人類精子無法附著在狒狒卵子表面的蛋白質上。

Therefore,

因此，

there would be no fusing,

兩者不會融合，

and the first phase of fertilization could never be completed.

受精的第一階段也就永遠無法完成。

No part baboon part human babies will ever roam this planet.

半狒狒、半人類的寶寶永遠不會在這個星球上四處遊蕩。

But in some cases,

不過在某些情況下，

a successful offspring can be produced by different species.

不同物種確實能成功繁衍出後代。

For example,

例如，

male lions and female tigers can produce a liger.

雄獅和雌虎可以生出獅虎獸。

This is where post-zygotic mechanisms come into play. 慣用語

這時，合子後機制就會發揮作用。

These are mechanisms that prevent the survival of an interbred offspring.

這些機制會阻止雜交後代存活。

For instance,

比方說，

when you cross a horse and a donkey, 用詞

讓馬和驢子雜交，

you likely end up with a sterile mule. 片語動詞

得到的很可能是一頭無法生育的騾子。

So the mule exists,

所以騾子可以存活，

but can't have babies itself.

卻無法繁衍自己的後代。

Other post-zygotic mechanisms include hybrid inviability, 用詞

其他合子後機制還包括雜種不活性，

when a successfully fertilized egg doesn't develop past early stages,

也就是成功受精的卵子無法度過早期發育階段，

or hybrid breakdown, 用詞

或雜種衰敗，

where the offspring itself can have kids,

也就是雜交後代本身能夠生育，

but generations after are sterile and incapable of producing children.

但之後的世代會失去生育能力，無法再繁衍後代。

All in all, 表達脈絡

總而言之，

pre-zygotic and post-zygotic mechanisms ensure that if different species do have sex,

合子前和合子後機制可以確保，即使不同物種發生了性關係，

it's hard for them to successfully reproduce.

牠們也很難成功繁殖。

But sometimes animals labeled as different species can still mate because they share a relatively recent ancestor,

不過，有時被歸為不同物種的動物仍能交配，因為牠們有一個年代相對較近的共同祖先，

like when us Homo sapiens mated with Neanderthals. 講解

例如我們智人就曾與尼安德塔人交配。

The hypothesis is that female humans breeding with male Neanderthals were able to generate fertile offspring, 片語搭配

有一種假說認為，人類女性與男性尼安德塔人交配，能生下具有生育能力的後代，

but female Neanderthals who mated with male humans were either rare, 文法

但與人類男性交配的尼安德塔女性，可能極為罕見，

absent,

也可能根本不存在，

or infertile.

或是沒有生育能力。

There are many conflicting theories about why and how we hooked up with Neanderthals, 片語動詞

關於我們為什麼以及如何與尼安德塔人發生關係，有許多相互矛盾的理論，

but one reason may have to do with the fact that they are kinda... 片語搭配

但其中一個原因或許是，他們有點……

Being a human who engages in bestiality comes with dangers. 片語搭配

人類從事獸交是有風險的。

One study shows that males who had sex with animals were at a higher risk for penile cancer than males who didn't. 文法

一項研究顯示，曾與動物發生性關係的男性，罹患陰莖癌的風險比沒有這麼做的男性高。

This is probably because micro-traumas on the penile tissue are produced during sex.

這可能是因為性交過程會在陰莖組織上造成微小創傷。

This exposes the human tissue to animal secretions and other infectious agents that can lead to cancer. 片語搭配

這會讓人體組織暴露在動物分泌物和其他可能致癌的感染性因子之下。

Several other case studies show colorectal trauma and harmful bacterial infections are also possible after sex with an animal.

另外幾項病例研究顯示，與動物性交後，還可能出現大腸直腸創傷和有害的細菌感染。

So,

那麼，

why do people do it?

人們為什麼要這麼做？

One study identifies several motivations for bestiality.

一項研究歸納了獸交的幾種動機。

For instance,

例如，

there are maybe situational reasons where people have limited access to human partners, 片語搭配

有時可能是現實條件所致，例如人們很難接觸到人類性伴侶，

or financial incentives, 用詞

也可能是經濟利益驅使，

where people have sex with animals for pornography or for sex shows.

例如為了製作色情內容或進行性表演而與動物性交。

There may also be cognitive impairment,

此外，認知功能障礙，

emotional immaturity,

情感不成熟，

and dopamine dysregulation motivating the act as well. 文法

以及多巴胺調節失常，也可能促使人做出這種行為。

And there are some reported cases of zoophiles who feel affection and intimacy with an animal. 用詞

也有一些報告指出，部分戀獸者會對動物產生愛意和親密感。

With one case study showing a man who left his wife in order to live with horses he had affection for. 講解

其中一個病例是一名男子為了和自己喜愛的馬一起生活，而離開了妻子。

So,

所以，

it turns out Belle wasn't the only one who fell in love with a beast. 講解

看來貝兒並不是唯一一個愛上野獸的人。

Clearly this video was not sponsored, 語氣意圖

很顯然，這支影片沒有贊助，

and at this moment in time it's probably demonetized as well. 文化背景

而且現在大概也已經被取消營利資格了。

So we're going to take this time to tell you about our new podcast Sidenote,

所以，我們就趁這個機會介紹一下我們的新 Podcast 節目 Sidenote，

which we love.

我們非常喜歡這個節目。

Every week we take on controversial topics like this one, 片語動詞

每週，我們都會探討像這樣充滿爭議的話題，

and then we splice in the science information so that you are entertained while simultaneously learning. 講解

再穿插科學知識，讓你一邊享受內容，一邊學到東西。

You might not know this,

你可能不知道，

but surprisingly Mitch and I disagree on a lot of things,

但出乎意料的是，Mitch 和我在很多事情上意見不合，

and that comes out in this podcast pretty evidently. 片語動詞

而這一點在 Podcast 裡表現得非常明顯。

So,

所以，

make sure you subscribe to it wherever you can.

記得在所有找得到的平台上訂閱。

It's called Sidenote,

節目叫做 Sidenote，

and we'll see you next week for a new science video.

我們下週會帶來新的科學影片，到時見。

See you.

再見。