愛情到底值多少錢？：英語精讀講義

Hey, Vsauce. Michael here

嘿，Vsauce，我是 Michael。

and I'm in Los Angeles,

我現在人在洛杉磯，

but today we're going to talk about love.

不過今天我們要聊的是愛。

You can't buy love,

愛情是買不到的，

but what if you could? 文法

但如果能買到呢？

I mean, what if I had a machine

我的意思是，假如我有一台機器，

that could make you fall in love 片語搭配

能讓你愛上

with someone for the rest of your life?

某個人，而且一愛就是一輩子呢？

What should I charge

我該收多少錢

for the use of that machine?

才讓你使用這台機器呢？

Well, we should first of all

首先，我們應該

be clear about what we mean 片語搭配

先弄清楚自己所說的

when we say love.

「愛」究竟是什麼。

I'm not talking about the love

我說的不是

you have for your BFFs

你對死黨的愛，

or your love for your family 片語搭配

也不是你對家人的愛，

or your love of learning.

或是你對學習的熱愛。

I'm also not talking about lust,

我說的也不是性慾，

an immediate attraction we have

也就是我們對他人產生的

towards other people

即時吸引力，

mediated by hormones 用詞

它由一些荷爾蒙促成，

like testosterone and estrogen.

像是睪固酮和雌激素。

I'm talking about what happens later,

我說的是之後發生的事：

when you begin to associate 片語搭配

你開始把

an immediate reward with one other person,

某一個人和即時獎勵連結起來，

what we call passionate love. 文法

也就是我們所說的激情之愛。

This is what you see in new couples

這種現象常見於剛交往的情侶，

where they want to be with each other

他們總想和對方待在一起，

and they're almost obsessed with each other. 片語搭配

幾乎到了迷戀彼此的程度。

Well, psychologists have a really great term

其實，心理學家有個很棒的術語，

for that kind of love.

用來形容這種愛。

They call it limerence. 用詞

他們稱之為「迷戀」。

That's right.

沒錯。

Whenever you are in this state

每當你處於這種狀態，

and you do things like

就會做出這樣的事：

wake up super early to get a bagel

一大早爬起來去吃貝果，

with the person

只為了和那個人見面，

and even though you're going to miss class 文法

就算這會讓你錯過一堂課，

just because you want to see them that badly, 用詞

也無所謂，因為你實在太想見到對方，

you're exhibiting limerent behavior.

這就是迷戀行為。

Okay, that sounds great.

好吧，聽起來很不錯。

But if I want to sell love,

但如果我想賣愛情，

I'm going to have to find 講解

就必須找到

a way to measure it.

衡量它的方法。

And it turns out to be quite a difficult task. 片語動詞

事實證明，這可相當困難。

We do have a tool 文法

我們的確有一種工具，

called the passionate love survey.

叫做「激情之愛量表」。

It was developed by psychologists

它由心理學家開發，

and it's been found to be quite reliable 文法

而且事實證明相當可靠，

when it comes to analyzing 片語搭配

尤其是在分析

other behaviors we associate with passionate love.

其他與激情之愛相關的行為時。

For instance,

比方說，

we've found using the survey

我們透過這份量表發現，

that men and women both

無論男性還是女性，

experience the same amounts of

在戀愛關係中感受到的

passionate love when they're in a relationship.

激情之愛程度都一樣。

We've also found that men

我們還發現，男性

tend to fall in love 片語搭配

往往會墜入愛河，

faster and sooner than women

而且比女性更快、更早，

who appear to be more cautious. 片語搭配

女性似乎更加謹慎。

But we're here to talk about money. 表達脈絡

但我們今天是來談錢的。

Interestingly, a UK study once looked

有趣的是，英國曾有一項研究，觀察了

at people who heard

那些第一次聽說

that someone else loved them.

有人愛自己的人。

They heard the phrase, "I love you."

他們聽到「我愛你」這句話，

for the first time.

而且是人生第一次。

And they took the amount of happiness those people felt

研究人員把這些人的幸福程度

and compared it to the amount of happiness 片語搭配

與賭徒

gamblers feel when they win

贏得

large sums of money.

大筆金錢時的幸福程度做比較。

Their conclusion,

他們得出的結論是：

that hearing that someone loves

第一次聽到有人

you for the first time

說愛你時，

is the equivalent happiness

你感受到的幸福程度，

level of receiving $267,000.

相當於收到267,000美元。

But when you go beyond 表達脈絡

但如果跨越

passionate love to committed long-term love,

激情之愛，進入彼此承諾的長期愛情，

there's all kinds of practical benefits marriage brings.

婚姻還會帶來各種實際好處。

In fact,

事實上，

it's been estimated that 文法

根據估算，

tax breaks and healthcare costs 文化背景

稅務優惠與醫療費用

altogether mean that being

加在一起，意味著

married is the equivalent 片語搭配

結婚就相當於

of receiving an extra $100,000 a year.

每年多拿100,000美元。

Now, we have a lot

現在，我們有很多

of ways of visualizing

直觀呈現的方式，

the effect having money 文法

可以展示金錢

has on a person.

對一個人的影響。

For instance, we know

比方說，我們知道，

that in wealthier countries

在更富裕的國家，

people report feeling respect more often.

人們表示自己更常感受到尊重。

They also report eating

比方說，他們也表示

tastier foods, for instance.

自己吃到的食物更美味。

But here's what's really awesome.

但真正厲害的是這個。

Take a look at the

來看看

graph of wealth against love. 用詞

財富與愛情的關係圖。

It doesn't matter.

財富並不重要。

Love is democratic, 慣用語

愛面前人人平等，

no matter who you are 文法

無論你是誰，

or how much money you have.

也無論你有多少錢。

People all over the world are feeling it.

世界各地的人都能感受到愛。

It should be noted that 表達脈絡

需要注意的是，

having more money does not necessarily equate to being more happy. 片語搭配

錢更多不一定代表更幸福。

This is what's known as the hedonistic treadmill. 文化背景

這就是所謂的「享樂跑步機效應」。

Getting more money helps with happiness,

錢變多確實有助於提升幸福感，

but only up 片語搭配

但這種作用只會持續

to a certain point.

到某個臨界點。

In the United States,

在美國，

that point is about $75,000 a year.

這個臨界點約為每年75,000美元。

At that point,

到了這個點，

more money has diminishing returns 用詞

更多金錢帶來的幸福回報

on how happy it makes you.

會逐漸遞減。

Another thing that correlates 用詞

還有一件事也與

to having more money,

錢更多、

more wealth, is living longer,

財富更多有關，那就是活得更久，

having a larger life expectancy.

也就是預期壽命更長。

But you know what else correlates to living longer? 表達脈絡

但你知道還有什麼也和長壽有關嗎？

Love.

愛。

But not just passionate love,

但不只是激情之愛，

the kind of love that follows it,

還有在它之後出現的那種愛——

committed long-term love.

彼此承諾的長期愛情。

In fact,

事實上，

people who form lifelong 用詞

與另一個人建立

pair bonds with another person

終生伴侶連結的人，

live on average 15% longer.

平均會多活15%。

So if you want to be really non-hard sciencey 用詞

所以，如果要用一種很不嚴謹的科學方式

about it,

來說，

all other things being equal and assuming that 講解

在其他條件都相同，而且假設

you're not already super,

你還沒有特別、

super rich,

特別富有，

finding a pair bond,

那麼找到一個伴侶，

finding a relationship that

找到一段

lasts for life,

持續終生的關係，

is the equivalent of

就相當於

making about an extra $30,000 to 40,000 a year.

每年多賺大約30,000到40,000美元。

Now, like I said,

好了，正如我剛才所說，

that's not hard science, 表達脈絡

這不是什麼嚴謹的科學，

but you know what is?

但你知道什麼才是嗎？

Vasopressin and oxytocin, 文化背景

那就是加壓素和催產素。

the chemicals that are

這兩種化學物質

exuded in people's brains

會在人腦中分泌，

when they look at

觸發條件是看到

photos of people that

與自己建立了

they formed committed long-term relationships with.

彼此承諾的長期關係之人的照片。

These chemicals are incredible.

這些化學物質非常神奇。

We've also seen elevated

我們還觀察到，

levels of them in

有些狗體內的這些物質濃度會升高，

dogs that have been 文法

而這些狗

pet for a really long time.

都被人長時間撫摸過。

And we also know

我們還知道，

that couples who receive

體內這些物質

high levels of these

濃度較高的情侶

chemicals resolve conflicts faster. 片語搭配

能更快化解衝突。

And people who struggle

而大腦中

to produce these chemicals

難以產生這些化學物質的人，

in their brain have

也會面臨

a similar struggle

類似的困難，

when it comes to

那就是難以

forming long-term relationships.

建立長期關係。

In fact,

事實上，

you can raise your levels

你可以提高自己大腦中

of oxytocin or vasopressin

催產素或加壓素

inside your own brain

的濃度，

by simply looking into someone else's eyes. 文法

只要凝視另一個人的雙眼即可。

That's right.

沒錯。

So,

所以，

in a way, 表達脈絡

從某種意義上說，

looking into the eyes 慣用語

凝視

of somebody that you like

你喜歡之人的雙眼，

is the administration

就相當於給自己用了一劑

of a psychoactive drug that's addictive

會讓人上癮的精神活性藥物，

and the long-term consequences are living longer.

而它的長期結果是讓你活得更久。

Thanks for watching.

感謝收看。