服用類固醇後會發生什麼事？：英語精讀講義

This episode is supported by Hims.

本集影片由 Hims 贊助。

With over 3 million Americans having used steroids, 文法

已有超過 300 萬名美國人使用過類固醇，

the desire to bulk up is strong. 片語動詞

可見人們想練壯的欲望有多強烈。

But what even happens to your body when you take steroids, 語氣意圖

但服用類固醇究竟會對身體造成什麼影響，

and are there major risks to performance-enhancing drugs? 用詞

提升運動表現的藥物又是否有重大風險？

Every time you pump a weight at the gym, 文法

每次你在健身房舉起重量時，

your muscles experience damage,

肌肉都會受到損傷，

but the body recovers by forming new muscle protein strands to repair the muscle fibers. 文法

但身體會形成新的肌肉蛋白鏈來修復肌纖維，進而恢復。

Over time, 表達脈絡

久而久之，

these strands increase in thickness and number,

這些蛋白鏈會變得更粗，數量也會增加，

and ultimately,

最終，

if muscle protein synthesis is greater than muscle protein breakdown, 文法

如果肌肉蛋白合成量大於肌肉蛋白分解量，

your muscles will grow.

你的肌肉就會生長。

The degree of growth is largely regulated by testosterone, 文法

肌肉生長的程度主要由睪固酮調節，

which increases protein synthesis.

睪固酮會促進蛋白質合成。

It's why, generally,

這也解釋了為什麼一般來說，

men have larger muscle mass than women,

男性的肌肉量比女性多，

as they have higher levels of testosterone.

因為他們的睪固酮濃度較高。

Now,

那麼，

steroids are any compound with a specific four-carbon ring structure.

類固醇是指具有特定四環碳骨架結構的任何化合物。

So the term steroid actually includes some chemicals that can be used to treat fever and headaches, 用詞

因此，「類固醇」這個詞其實也包含一些可用來治療發燒和頭痛的化學物質，

and even sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone.

甚至還包括雌激素和睪固酮這類性激素。

But the type of steroid we'll be looking at actually mimic natural testosterone 片語動詞

但我們要探討的這類類固醇，其實是在模擬人體自然產生的睪固酮

with the intention to enhance performance

以達到提升運動表現的目的，

and are used by more than 15% of gym-goers.

而超過 15% 的健身者都在使用它們。

Within a single day of taking steroids, 文法

服用類固醇後短短一天內，

the expression of your genes will begin to change.

你的基因表現就會開始改變。

Steroids easily enter your cells and bind to the androgen receptor. 片語搭配

類固醇很容易進入細胞，並與雄性激素受體結合。

At this point,

此時，

they can move into the nucleus and attach to your DNA,

它們可以進入細胞核，附著在你的 DNA 上，

which activates hundreds of genes to increase protein synthesis while slowing protein breakdown. 文法

進而活化數百個基因，促進蛋白質合成，同時減緩蛋白質分解。

In the end,

最後，

people who take steroids can have three to five times more nuclei in some muscle cells. 文法

在服用類固醇的人體內，某些肌肉細胞的細胞核數量可達一般人的三到五倍。

Steroids can also stop the differentiation of fat stem cells

類固醇還能阻止脂肪幹細胞分化

and decrease a person's body fat.

並降低體脂。

Days in, 表達脈絡

服用幾天後，

and you're quickly increasing muscle size and strength,

你的肌肉體積和力量便會迅速增加，

while also protecting muscle fibers against damage, 片語搭配

同時肌纖維也能免受損傷，

making steroids ideal for exercise tolerance and recovery as well. 文法

因此類固醇也成了提升運動耐受力和恢復能力的理想選擇。

But continue to take them, 文法

但如果繼續服用，

and your behavior may start to change.

你的行為可能就會開始改變。

Because steroid receptors are found in parts of our central nervous system like the forebrain,

由於類固醇受體存在於中樞神經系統的某些區域，例如前腦、

hypothalamus,

下視丘

and pituitary gland,

和腦下垂體，

steroids can lead to the classic 'roid rage. 用詞

類固醇可能會引發典型的「類固醇暴怒」。

A study of athletes taking steroids

一項針對使用類固醇的運動員所做的研究

showed 20% developed higher manic and depressive scores than non-users.

發現，其中 20% 的人躁狂與憂鬱評分高於未使用者。

Mice given steroids over 10 weeks 文法

給小鼠連續使用類固醇 10 週後，

also become more aggressive towards other mice put in the same cages.

牠們對同籠的其他小鼠也會更具攻擊性。

Male mice also become more dominant

雄性小鼠也會變得更有支配性，

and are more willing to compete for sex with female mice.

更願意為了和雌性小鼠交配而競爭。

But that sex drive may not translate to better sex. 用詞

但這種性慾未必會帶來更好的性生活。

For female users,

對女性使用者來說，

steroids can interfere with the estrus cycle 片語搭配

類固醇會干擾發情週期，

and may decrease sexual drive.

還可能降低性慾。

Masculinization can occur as well,

此外，也可能出現男性化現象，

with female users gaining deeper voices

女性使用者的聲音會變得更低沉，

and starting to grow more body and facial hair.

身體和臉部也開始長出更多毛髮。

Male users may experience sperm cell abnormalities

男性使用者可能會出現精子細胞異常

and decreased sperm count.

和精子數量減少的問題。

Steroids also decrease natural production of hormones that are necessary for maintaining testicular size,

類固醇也會抑制人體自然產生維持睪丸大小所必需的荷爾蒙，

meaning your balls will shrink. 用詞

也就是說，你的睪丸會萎縮。

And since most steroid users follow a cycle of on and off dosing periods, 用詞

而且，由於大多數類固醇使用者會週期性交替安排用藥期和停藥期，

natural levels of testosterone can be quite low at times,

體內自然睪固酮濃度有時會非常低，

causing erectile dysfunction and decreased libido in males.

進而導致男性勃起功能障礙和性慾降低。

40% of male users also developed enlarged breast tissue

還有 40% 的男性使用者出現乳房組織增生，

as steroids break down into estradiol, 片語動詞

因為類固醇會分解成雌二醇，

which stimulates the growth of mammary tissue.

而雌二醇會刺激乳腺組織生長。

Finally,

最後，

steroids can cause a high level of acne in almost half of users

近一半的使用者會因類固醇出現嚴重痘痘，

and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. 片語搭配

同時心臟病和中風的風險也會增加。

So,

所以，

yes,

沒錯，

steroids will make you bulk up faster and improve your athletic ability,

類固醇會讓你更快練壯，並提升運動能力，

but as with most things,

但和大多數事物一樣，

comes with a set of risks and side effects that you'll likely experience as well.

它也伴隨著一連串風險和副作用，而你很可能也會親身經歷。

We want to send a big thank you to Hims for sponsoring today's video.

非常感謝 Hims 贊助今天的影片。

Hims is a company that makes it easier for men to deal with issues that can sometimes feel embarrassing, 講解

Hims 是一間幫助男性更輕鬆面對某些難以啟齒問題的公司，

like hair loss,

例如掉髮、

erectile dysfunction,

勃起功能障礙

or skin issues.

或皮膚問題。

Hims offers personalized recommendations and advice from doctors online,

Hims 會在線上提供個人化建議和醫師諮詢，

and everything is confidential

所有資訊都會嚴格保密，

and all the treatments are scientifically validated. 用詞

而且所有療程都經過科學驗證。

On top of this, 表達脈絡

不僅如此，

their products are way cheaper because they use generic versions instead of brand names, 講解

因為使用的是學名藥而非品牌藥，他們的產品便宜許多，

and it's delivered right to your door.

而且會直接配送到你家門口。

You can show support for our show by visiting forhims.com/asaphair to get a comprehensive hair kit for only $5,

前往 forhims.com/asaphair，只要 5 美元就能取得一套完整的護髮套組，同時也能支持我們的節目，

which is an amazing deal.

真的非常划算。

As we and our friends get older, 文法

隨著我們和朋友年紀漸長，

there's lots of conversations that come up about hair loss. 片語動詞

大家會愈來愈常聊到掉髮問題。

And so,

所以，

something like this comprehensive kit is a perfect way to get started.

像這樣的完整套組，正是開始保養的絕佳方式。

Get started.

現在就開始吧。

So,

所以，

dudes, 用詞

各位兄弟，

let's take care of ourselves. 語氣意圖

讓我們好好照顧自己吧。

And you can start by visiting forhims.com/asaphair.

第一步，就從前往 forhims.com/asaphair 開始。

Make sure you're subscribed,

記得訂閱我們的頻道，

and we'll see you next week.

我們下週見。

Peace.

掰。