我們能從蹣跚學步的孩子身上學到什麼？⏲️ 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

bbclearningenglish.com的6分鐘英語。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，這裡是BBC Learning English的6分鐘英語。

I'm Neil.

我是Neil。

And I'm Beth.

我是Beth。

You may have one or know someone who does 文法

你可能有一個處於這個年齡的孩子，或者認識有這種孩子的人，

and at one time you've been one yourself. 片語搭配

而且你自己曾經也是個這樣的孩子。

I'm talking about toddlers.

我在說的是幼兒（toddlers）。

A toddler is a young child usually between 2 and 4 years old 片語搭配

幼兒通常是指2到4歲之間的小孩，

who is learning to walk or toddling. 文法

他們正在學步（toddling）或學習走路。

It's an important stage in a child's development

這是兒童發展過程中的一個重要階段，

as they learn to move and understand the world around them. 文法

因為他們要學習移動並理解周圍的世界。

It's also known as the terrible twos. 文化背景

這也常常被稱為「可怕的兩歲」。

When toddlers can't do the things they want to, 文法

當幼兒無法做到他們想做的事情時，

they experience frustration

他們會經歷挫折感，

which often leads to tantrums, 片語搭配

這往往會導致發脾氣（tantrums），

a sudden and noisy outburst of anger. 用詞

也就是突然而吵鬧地爆發怒火。

We've probably all seen the tears and screams

我們可能都見過那些眼淚和尖叫，

when a young child can't have what they want.

當小孩子得不到他們想要的東西時。

Yes, the famous temper tantrums.

是的，著名的亂發脾氣。

But being a toddler is also an exciting time 表達脈絡

但作為一個幼兒也是一個令人興奮的時期，

as a child's personality starts to develop.

因為孩子的個性開始發展。

So, what can we adults learn from toddlers? 表達脈絡

那麼，我們成年人能從幼兒身上學到什麼呢？

That's what we'll be finding out in this program 片語動詞

這就是我們在本節目中要尋找的答案，

along with some useful new vocabulary. 片語搭配

同時還會學到一些有用的新詞彙。

But first, I have a question for you, Beth.

但首先，我有一個問題要問你，Beth。

Being a toddler is certainly an important stage in a child's growth,

幼兒期肯定是兒童成長的關鍵階段，

but which of the following statements is true? 片語搭配

但以下哪項陳述是正確的？

A,

A，

toddlers are attracted to shapes that resemble the human body. 片語搭配

幼兒會被類似人體的形狀所吸引。

B,

B，

toddlers are more active than at any other time in their lives. 文法

幼兒時期是一生中最活躍的時期。

Or C,

或者C，

toddlers can grow up to 3 cm during sleep time. 用詞

幼兒在睡覺時最多可以長高3公分。

Hmm.

嗯。

Uh I think toddlers can grow up to 3 cm while they sleep.

呃，我認為幼兒在睡覺時最多可以長高3公分。

Okay, Beth.

好的，Beth。

We'll find out if that's the correct answer later in the program.

稍後在節目中我們會揭曉這是否是正確答案。

At 2 or 3 years old,

在2或3歲時，

there's not much toddlers can do for themselves. 片語搭配

幼兒自己能做的事情並不多。

They depend on mom or dad to feed, clothe, 片語搭配

他們依賴爸爸媽媽來餵飯、穿衣，

and care for them.

以及照顧他們。

So it's strange to think there's anything adults could learn. 片語搭配

所以要說成年人還能從他們身上學到什麼，聽起來挺不可思議的。

But not according to Dr. Hasan Merali, 表達脈絡

但Hasan Merali博士並不這麼認為，

author of a new book Sleep Well, Take Risks, Squish the Peas, 表達脈絡

他是新書《Sleep Well, Take Risks, Squish the Peas》的作者，

and father to his own toddler,

也是他自己幼兒的父親，

who spoke with BBC Radio 4 program Woman's Hour. 文化背景

他在BBC Radio 4的《Woman's Hour》節目中談到了這一點。

When I see the toddlers by themselves, 片語搭配

當我看到幼兒們獨處時，

they're doing a lot of things out loud.

他們經常大聲說出正在做的事。

Little Julie's putting on her mitts 片語動詞

小Julie正在戴連指手套，

saying Julie can do it.

嘴裡說著「Julie能行」。

And Coltan's over on the side and he's looking down at his boots

而Coltan在一旁，他低頭看著自己的靴子，

and they're on the wrong way 片語搭配

靴子穿反了，

and so he says, "Oh, Coltan did this wrong."

所以他說：「哦，Coltan做錯了。」

And this idea of self-talk

而這種自我對話的理念，

is really a way to decrease stress in anxiety-provoking situations. 講解

確實在引發焦慮的狀況下是減輕壓力的一種有效方式。

Dr. Merali

Merali博士

observed toddlers talking to themselves out loud.

觀察到幼兒經常大聲對自己說話。

When you talk out loud, 片語搭配

當你大聲說話（out loud）時，

you speak so that other people can hear you. 文法

你發出的聲音能讓別人聽到。

But it's what the toddlers were saying 文法

但是幼兒說出的話

that's really interesting.

才是真正有趣的地方。

When a little girl called Julie learned how to put on her gloves, 講解

當一個叫Julie的小女孩學會戴手套時，

she told herself,

她告訴自己，

"Julie can do it." 語氣意圖

「Julie能行。」

This is a special kind of talking out loud

這是一種特殊的大聲說話方式，

known as self-talk. 片語搭配

被稱為自我對話（self-talk）。

Self-talk means the messages that you tell yourself 用詞

自我對話指的是你傳遞給自己的訊息，

and the way in which you tell them. 文法

以及你傳遞它們的方式。

It's your inner voice 慣用語

這是你內心的聲音，

and in toddlers,

而在幼兒中，

it's usually positive and encouraging.

它通常是積極和鼓舞人心的。

Unfortunately, as we grow up, 片語動詞

不幸的是，隨著我們的成長，

our self-talk often becomes less encouraging 文法

我們的自我對話往往變得不再那麼鼓勵人，

and more critical.

而是變得更具批判性。

Instead of a positive loving inner voice, 片語搭配

不再是積極有愛的內心聲音，

as adults,

作為成年人，

we tend to tell ourselves, 片語搭配

我們往往會告訴自己，

"You can't do it."

「你做不到的。」

or "You're no good." 用詞

或者「你很糟糕。」

Here's Dr. Merali again

我們再來聽聽Merali博士

explaining more to BBC Radio 4 program Woman's Hour.

在BBC Radio 4的《Woman's Hour》節目中做出的進一步解釋。

We often get into the cycle of negative self-talk 慣用語

我們經常陷入負面自我對話的循環，

and I think one of the best strategies that we can do 文法

我認為我們能採取的最佳策略之一

is give ourselves more positive self-talk.

就是給自己更多積極的自我對話。

So,

所以，

an easy way to do it 文法

一個簡單的方法是，

is when you're down on yourself and angry with yourself, 慣用語

當你對自己感到沮喪並生自己的氣時，

think about talking to yourself as a good friend 語氣意圖

試著想像是在對一個好朋友說話，

instead of actually you.

而不是對著你自己。

And you'll notice that difference

你會注意到，

in how you talk to yourself.

你對自己說話的方式將會有所不同。

As an adult,

作為一個成年人，

you might be down on yourself.

你可能會對自己感到沮喪（down on yourself）。

If you're down on yourself,

如果你「down on yourself」，

you feel disappointed

你會感到失望，

and self-critical about yourself.

並且對自己進行自我批判。

When this happens,

當這種情況發生時，

your self-talk gets very negative. 片語搭配

你的自我對話就會變得非常消極。

For example,

例如，

telling yourself you're no good.

告訴自己你一無是處。

And this can lead to a negative cycle, 用詞

這可能導致負面循環（negative cycle），

a pattern of repeating the same negative thoughts

這是一種重複相同消極想法的模式，

over and over again. 片語搭配

一遍又一遍地發生。

This can be a problem,

這可能是個問題，

but not for toddlers

但對幼兒來說不是，

who are naturally good at talking kindly to themselves 片語搭配

因為他們天生就擅長友善地跟自己說話，

and celebrating the little things, 慣用語

並為一點點小事慶祝，

like learning to get dressed. 片語搭配

比如學會了穿衣服。

The solution for overcritical grown-ups, 用詞

對於過度挑剔的成年人來說，

according to Dr. Merali,

根據Merali博士的建議，解決辦法是：

pretend you're talking to a good friend

假裝你正在和一個好朋友說話，

instead of to yourself,

而不是你本人，

just like toddlers do. 文法

就像幼兒做的那樣。

It seems us adults can learn something from young children after all, 用詞

看來我們成年人終究還是能從小孩身上學到點什麼，

being kind to ourselves. 片語搭配

那就是善待自己。

When they're not having tantrums, 表達脈絡

當他們不發脾氣的時候，

toddlers really are wonderful little creatures,

幼兒真的是奇妙的小生物，

which reminds me of your question, 表達脈絡

這讓我想起了你的問題，

Neil.

Neil。

Right.

沒錯。

I asked you which statement about toddlers was true.

我問你關於幼兒的哪項陳述是正確的。

And I said it was that toddlers can grow up to 3 cm

我選的是，幼兒最多可以長高3公分

while they sleep.

在他們睡覺的時候。

Was I right?

我猜對了嗎？

Uh

呃

I think you know that you're not right, 語氣意圖

我想你知道你猜得不對，

Beth.

Beth。

That was the wrong answer.

那是錯誤的答案。

It's true that toddlers do grow when sleeping, 文法

幼兒在睡覺時的確會生長，

but not as much as 3 cm.

但沒有3公分那麼多。

In fact, 表達脈絡

事實上，

the correct answer was that being a toddler

正確的答案是，幼兒期

is the most active period of your whole life, 文法

是你一生中最活躍的時期，

which isn't hard to believe if you live with one. 語氣意圖

如果你和一個幼兒生活在一起，這一點就不難相信。

Okay,

好的，

let's recap the vocabulary we've learned in this program 表達脈絡

讓我們複習一下我們在本節目中學到的詞彙，

about toddlers,

關於toddlers（幼兒），

young children who are toddling

即正在蹣跚學步的小孩，

or learning to walk.

或正在學習走路的小孩。

A tantrum is a noisy uncontrolled

Tantrum（發脾氣）是指吵鬧且不受控制的

outburst of anger,

憤怒爆發，

usually from a young child.

通常發生在小孩身上。

If you say something out loud,

如果你 out loud（大聲地）說某事，

you say it in a way

你說話的方式是

that other people can hear.

能讓別人聽到的。

Self-talk refers to the messages that you tell yourself 片語搭配

Self-talk（自我對話）指的是你告訴自己的訊息，

and the way in which you tell them.

以及你訴說它們的方式。

It's your inner voice.

它是你內心的聲音。

The phrase to be down on yourself

短語 to be down on yourself

means to feel disappointed

意思是感到失望，

and self-critical about yourself.

以及對自己的過度批評。

And finally,

最後，

a negative cycle

negative cycle（負面循環）

is a pattern of repeating the same negative thoughts

是指一種重複相同消極想法的模式，

over and over again.

一遍又一遍地出現。

Something a toddler would never do.

那是幼兒絕對不會做的事。

Once again,

再一次，

our 6 Minutes are up. 慣用語

我們的6分鐘時間到了。

But remember to join us again next time

但請記得下次再來加入我們，

for more trending topics and useful vocabulary

獲取更多熱門話題和實用詞彙，

here at 6 Minute English.

就在6分鐘英語。

Goodbye for now.

暫且說到這，再見。

Goodbye.

再見。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

bbclearningenglish.com的6分鐘英語。