政治圈的女性 ⏲️ 6分鐘英語：英語精讀講義

6 Minute English from the BBC.

BBC的6分鐘英語。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，這是BBC英語教學的6分鐘英語。

I'm Beth.

我是Beth。

And I'm Neil.

我是Neil。

Differences between men and women have existed forever,

男女之間的差異一直存在，

but in modern times imbalances in the opportunities for men and women have widened. 用詞

但在現代，男女在機會上的不平衡加劇了。

One area where this imbalance is widest is politics.

這種不平衡最明顯的領域之一就是政治。

When we think of female politicians,

當我們想到女性政治家時，

the names Margaret Thatcher,

Margaret Thatcher（瑪格麗特·柴契爾）、

Angela Merkel,

Angela Merkel（安格拉·梅克爾）、

Indira Gandhi,

Indira Gandhi（英迪拉·甘地）、

or Jacinda Ardern all come to mind.

或Jacinda Ardern（潔辛達·阿爾登）的名字都會浮現在腦海。

But while women make up over half the world's population, 文法

但儘管女性佔世界人口的一半以上，

only 26% of the world's politicians are women.

全世界卻只有26%的政治家是女性。

How much of this is because of misogyny, 講解

這其中有多少是因為厭女症，

hatred and prejudice against women?

即對女性的仇恨和偏見呢？

It seems that the surprise resignation of New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern 片語搭配

紐西蘭總理Jacinda Ardern突然辭職，

was partly because of the misogynistic abuse she received online. 講解

似乎部分原因就是她在網路上遭到了厭女的網路霸凌。

So in this program,

所以在本期節目中，

we'll be asking why is life so hard for women in politics? 表達脈絡

我們將探討為什麼女性在政界步履維艱？

And of course,

當然，

we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

我們也會學習一些實用的新詞彙。

But before that,

但在此之前，

I have a question for you,

我有一個問題要問你，

Neil.

Neil。

Britain has had three female prime ministers,

英國已有過三位女首相，

all from the Conservative Party.

都來自保守黨。

First was Margaret Thatcher,

第一位是Margaret Thatcher，

who was followed in 2016 by Theresa May,

緊隨其後的是2016年的Theresa May（德蕾莎·梅伊），

and after that by Liz Truss,

之後是Liz Truss（莉茲·特拉斯），

who resigned after only a short time in office. 用詞

她在任職很短一段時間後就辭職了。

But for how long exactly was Liz Truss Prime Minister?

那麼Liz Truss到底當了多久首相呢？

Was it A, 45 days?

是A，45天嗎？

B, 1 year and 45 days?

B，1年零45天？

Or C, 2 years and 45 days?

還是C，2年零45天？

I think the answer is 45 days.

我想答案是45天。

Okay, Neil.

好的，Neil。

I'll reveal the answer later.

我稍後會揭曉答案。

One of the biggest barriers for female politicians 片語搭配

女性政治家面臨的最大障礙之一，

is that politics has traditionally been seen as a man's world. 慣用語

就是政治傳統上被視為男人的世界。

When Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister in 1979,

當Margaret Thatcher在1979年成為首相時，

she had to manage a group of men

她不得不管理一群男人，

who were not used to being told what to do by a woman. 文法

而這些男人並不習慣被一個女人發號施令。

Here, Professor Rosie Campbell,

在這裡，Rosie Campbell教授，

Director of the Global Institute for Women's Leadership,

全球女性領導力研究所所長，

explains to BBC World Service program The Real Story,

向BBC世界服務節目《The Real Story》解釋，

how Mrs. Thatcher's solution to this problem

柴契爾夫人解決這個問題的辦法，

was to appear more masculine.

是如何讓自己顯得更男性化的。

You know,

你知道，

she was deliberately coached to change her voice 片語搭配

她刻意接受指導去改變自己的聲音，

and to behave in a way that was more stereotypically masculine 用詞

並以一種更符合男性刻板印象的方式行事，

at the same time as presenting herself 片語搭配

與此同時在展示自己時，

in terms of her attire 用詞

又在穿著打扮方面，

in a very feminine way,

展現出非常女性化的一面，

which really showed the tightrope walk

這真切地展現了她如同走鋼絲般的處境，

that she had to walk in order to seem strong enough to be the leader, 文法

為了顯得足夠堅強以勝任領導者，她不得不這麼做，

but not subverting norms of what it is to be a woman. 用詞

但同時又不能顛覆作為女性的規範。

So I think,

所以我認為，

you know,

你知道，

she

她

whatever you might think of Margaret Thatcher, 語氣意圖

不管你對Margaret Thatcher怎麼看，

that was a very challenging tightrope walk that she had to do. 慣用語

那都是一次極具挑戰的走鋼絲經歷。

Margaret Thatcher was coached to behave more like a man,

Margaret Thatcher曾被指導表現得更像個男人，

for example,

例如，

by lowering her voice.

壓低她的嗓音。

If you are coached, 文法

如果你被指導（coached），

you are specially trained in how to improve

你就是在如何提高

at a particular skill.

某項特定技能方面受到了專門的訓練。

At the same time,

同時，

she was also advised to appear feminine,

也有人建議她表現得女性化，

especially in her attire,

尤其是在她的著裝（attire）上，

the clothes she wore.

也就是她穿的衣服。

In trying to present both male and female sides of herself, 表達脈絡

在試圖同時展現自己男性和女性的一面時，

Mrs. Thatcher walked a tightrope,

柴契爾夫人猶如走鋼絲（walked a tightrope），

an idiom meaning to be in a difficult situation

這是一個慣用語，意思是指處於一種困難的境地，

that requires carefully considered behavior.

需要謹慎行事。

The point is that none of these demands were made of the men 講解

重點是，這些要求從未在男性身上提出過，

in Mrs. Thatcher's government.

在柴契爾夫人的政府中也是如此。

Even today,

即便是今天，

the way women in politics behave or dress

女性政治家的行為或穿著方式

is commented on and criticized far more than men, 片語搭配

受到的評論和批評依然遠多於男性，

with the result that fewer women are willing to expose themselves to public scrutiny, 講解

結果是越來越少的女性願意將自己暴露在公眾審視之下，

a situation which has only got worse since the internet 文法

自從有了網路，這種狀況只會變得更糟，

and with it sexist and misogynistic abuse on social media.

隨之而來的是社群媒體上對女性的性別歧視和厭女霸凌。

Paradoxically, 表達脈絡

矛盾的是，

it's often said that the qualities of empathy and understanding, 文法

人們常說同理心和理解力，

often associated with women,

這些通常與女性聯繫在一起的特質，

are most needed in politics today. 文法

正是當今政治中最需要的。

According to former Prime Minister Helen Clark,

根據紐西蘭首位民選女總理，

who was New Zealand's first female elected leader,

前總理Helen Clark的說法，

it's not just that women are more caring,

不僅僅是因為女性更有愛心，

they also bring a different leadership style,

她們還帶來了不同的領導風格，

as she explained to BBC World Service program The Real Story.

正如她在BBC世界服務節目《The Real Story》中所解釋的那樣。

I think that women

我認為女性

are known for more collaborative styles in politics, 用詞

在政治中以更具合作性的風格而聞名，

less likely to be the,

不太可能是那種，

you know,

你知道，

top-down, heavy-handed, 用詞

由上而下的，強硬的，

you know,

你知道，

my way or the highway, 慣用語

『不聽我的就滾蛋』（唯我獨尊）的作風，

more open to evidence, debate. 片語搭配

而是對證據和辯論持更開放的態度。

I think it certainly informed the way that I led. 用詞

我認為這無疑影響了我的領導方式。

I think it also informed the priorities that I had.

我覺得這也影響了我的優先事項。

Helen Clark believes women leaders are more collaborative.

Helen Clark認為女性領導者更具合作精神（collaborative）。

They prefer working cooperatively with several people to achieve a common goal.

她們更喜歡與幾個人合作來實現共同目標。

She contrasts this with a stricter, more dictatorial leadership style 講解

她將此與更嚴格、更獨裁的領導風格進行對比，

by using the expression my way or the highway,

使用了『不聽我的就滾蛋』（my way or the highway）這個表達，

an idiom used as a warning that someone will only accept their way of doing things. 文法

這個慣用語用於警告某人只接受他們自己的做事方式。

In fact,

事實上，

adopting such dictatorial approaches has been the end of many political leaders, 講解

採取這種獨裁作風已經是許多政治領導人下台的原因，

including Mrs. Thatcher and more recently, Liz Truss,

包括柴契爾夫人，以及最近的Liz Truss，

which brings me back to my question, 表達脈絡

這把我帶回到了我的問題，

Neil.

Neil。

How long did Liz Truss last as Prime Minister?

Liz Truss當了多久首相？

I guess it was 45 days.

我猜是45天。

Was I right?

我猜對了嗎？

That was the correct answer.

那是正確答案。

Liz Truss was Prime Minister for just 45 days, 文法

Liz Truss只當了45天首相，

the shortest premiership of any British leader ever, 文法

這是有史以來所有英國領導人中任期最短的，

male or female.

無論男女。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned in this program on women in politics,

好的，讓我們回顧一下在這個關於女性參政的節目中學到的詞彙，

starting with misogyny,

首先是厭女症（misogyny），

the dislike or hatred of women.

指對女性的反感或仇恨。

If you are coached in something,

如果你在某方面被指導（coached），

you are trained or instructed in how to improve that particular skill.

你就是被訓練或指示如何提高那項特定的技能。

Attire means the clothes you are wearing.

著裝（Attire）指的是你穿的衣服。

If you have to walk a tightrope,

如果你必須走鋼絲（walk a tightrope），

you're in a difficult situation that requires careful behavior.

你就是處於一個需要謹慎行事的困難境地。

The adjective collaborative involves several people working together for a particular purpose.

形容詞合作的（collaborative）涉及幾個人為了一個特定的目的而一起工作。

And finally,

最後，

the idiom it's my way or the highway

慣用語『不聽我的就滾蛋』（it's my way or the highway）

can be used as a warning that someone will only accept their own way of doing things.

可以用來作為警告，表示某人只接受他們自己的做事方式。

Once again,

再一次，

our 6 minutes are up.

我們的6分鐘到了。

See you soon.

下次見。

Bye.

拜拜。

6 Minute English from the BBC.

BBC的6分鐘英語。