直升機物理系列 - #2 操縱控制 - 每天變聰明一點 46：英語精讀講義

All right,

好吧，

this is totally easy once you understand the physics. 文法

只要懂了物理原理，這就非常簡單了。

Watch this,

看這個，

left,

左，

yep,

沒錯，

right, go back to the right.

右，回到右邊。

It's easy!

很簡單！

You see it flip?

看到它翻轉了嗎？

One, two,

一、二，

yeah.

耶。

Awesome.

太棒了。

So,

那麼，

as a kid,

小時候，

I spent many an hour in a book about the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. 文法

我花了很多時間看一本關於李奧納多·達文西畫作的書。

In particular, 表達脈絡

特別是，

his flying machines.

他的飛行器。

Check out this medieval helicopter. 片語動詞

看看這架中世紀的直升機。

It looks like it would work, 文法

看起來它能飛，

but you can't really judge a book by its cover 慣用語

但你不能只看表面，

because there's no way to provide counter-torque to the body of the aircraft. 講解

因為沒有辦法為飛行器機身提供反扭矩。

Modern-day helicopters do this

現代直升機是怎麼做的呢，

by providing a counter-torque rotor on a boom,

透過在尾桁上提供一個反扭矩旋翼，

a tail rotor.

也就是尾槳。

This works by stopping the rotation of the helicopter,

這可以阻止直升機旋轉，

but here's what you haven't thought about. 表達脈絡

但有些事你還沒考慮到。

You are,

畢竟，

after all, 表達脈絡

你是

applying a force to a free-floating body, 用詞

在對一個自由漂浮的物體施加力，

which means that body wants to drift. 表達脈絡

這代表該物體會發生漂移。

So,

那麼，

how does a helicopter keep from drifting? 文法

直升機是如何防止漂移的呢？

We're gonna take a journey.

我們將開啟一段旅程。

We're gonna go from a top-level knowledge of how helicopters work 文法

我們將從直升機運作原理的基礎知識

to a really deep understanding.

深入到非常透徹的了解。

How you doing,

你好，

Mr. Ledbetter?

Ledbetter 先生？

Hi, I'm Richard Ledbetter.

嗨，我是 Richard Ledbetter。

I'm a docent at the National Air and Space Museum. 文化背景

我是國家航空太空博物館的導覽員。

All right.

好的。

So,

那麼，

what do you have to show us today about how helicopters work?

今天關於直升機的運作原理，您要給我們展示些什麼？

Well,

嗯，

I guess what we're gonna talk about is kinda the main rotor system on a conventional helicopter, 表達脈絡

我想我們要談論的差不多是傳統直升機的主旋翼系統，

and the main rotor system basically provides both the lift and the control for the helicopter. 文法

而主旋翼系統基本上為直升機提供升力和控制。

And how we control the helicopter 文法

我們控制直升機的方法

is by varying the pitch at each of the rotor blades. 用詞

就是改變每個旋翼葉片的螺距。

So,

那麼，

how do you vary the pitch on a helicopter when it's rotating?

當直升機旋轉時，你是如何改變螺距的呢？

When the blades are rotating?

當葉片旋轉時？

We use on most helicopters,

我們在大多數直升機上使用，

we use something called a swashplate.

使用一種叫做十字盤（傾斜盤）的裝置。

Okay.

好的。

And essentially what a swashplate does is it converts non-rotating to rotating control motion. 講解

十字盤的本質作用是將非旋轉的控制動作轉化為旋轉的控制動作。

We have two kinds of control for the helicopter,

我們的直升機有兩種控制方式，

and for cyclic inputs,

對於週期變距輸入，

what happens is

會發生的情況是

that swashplate will just simply rotate forward or rotate aft,

十字盤只會簡單地向前或向後傾斜，

and that changes the input to each of the rotor blades.

這就改變了對每個旋翼葉片的輸入。

But for collective pitch,

但對於總距，

what will happen is that swashplate will actually move up or down,

會發生的是，十字盤實際上會上下移動，

that will actually change the pitch in both of those rotor blades

這實際上會改變那兩個旋翼葉片的螺距

at exactly the same time.

並且是完全同時改變。

Oh,

喔，

okay.

好的。

I just learned something.

我剛學到了新東西。

So,

所以，

in summary, 表達脈絡

總結一下，

there's three types of control.

有三種類型的控制。

There's collective pitch, 用詞

有總距，

there is cyclic pitch,

有週期變距，

and then there's anti-torque.

然後是反扭矩。

Of course,

當然，

anti-torque is the rotor system on the back.

反扭矩就是後面的尾槳系統。

So,

那麼，

let's start with collective,

讓我們從總距開始，

Carl.

Carl。

So,

那麼，

what is this magical device right here?

這裡這個神奇的裝置是什麼？

This is the swashplate,

這是十字盤，

and this is the source of all control for any helicopter.

它是任何直升機所有控制的來源。

Uh any direction the swashplate moves,

呃，無論十字盤朝哪個方向移動，

for the most part, 片語搭配

在大多數情況下，

the helicopter follows.

直升機就會跟著移動。

So,

所以，

the collective is where you change the pitch of both blades

總距就是你改變兩個葉片螺距的地方

either up or down, 文法

向上或向下，

and that pulls the helicopter up or down.

這就拉動直升機上升或下降。

You do not control the

你並不透過

altitude of the helicopter by the speed of the blades.

葉片的轉速來控制直升機的高度。

That stays the same.

轉速保持不變。

It's translated up or down,

它（十字盤）上下平移，

and that controls how much of a bite of air the rotors take. 慣用語

這控制了旋翼「咬合」空氣的量。

Is that correct?

對嗎？

That is. Yep. absolutely.

是的。沒錯。絕對正確。

And that'll actually make the helicopter either go up or down.

這實際上會使直升機上升或下降。

Or if it's upside down,

或者如果它是倒飛的，

it's backwards.

那就是反過來的。

Oh,

喔，

yeah,

是的，

cuz it's upside down, 用詞

因為它是倒飛的，

cuz I'm a helicopter genius.

因為我是直升機天才。

The tail rotor,

尾槳，

just like the main blades,

就像主旋翼葉片一樣，

never changes speed.

從不改變轉速。

So,

所以，

in order to control the thrust, 文法

為了控制推力，

we change the pitch on the blades,

我們改變葉片的螺距，

so it can act push or pull in both directions.

這樣它就能在兩個方向上產生推或拉的作用。

And the reason it does that,

而它這樣做的原因，

it's basically a reaction torque to what's going on up here. 講解

基本上是對上面（主旋翼）所發生事情的反應扭矩。

The blades are putting a torque into the body,

葉片正在向機身施加扭矩，

is that correct?

對嗎？

Yep.

對的。

The act of spinning the blades makes the helicopter want to go the opposite direction. 文法

旋轉葉片的動作會使直升機想要朝相反的方向轉動。

Makes sense.

有道理。

Can you show me what cyclic pitch looks like now? 文法

你現在能給我展示一下週期變距是什麼樣子的嗎？

Cyclic pitch is where the swashplate tilts

週期變距是十字盤傾斜

and through the linkage controls the pitch of the blades

並透過連桿控制葉片的螺距，

and changes it every revolution 用詞

在每一圈旋轉中都改變螺距

to control the pitch and roll of the helicopter. 用詞

從而控制直升機的俯仰和滾轉。

Give me cyclic pitch in this direction.

給我示範一下這個方向的週期變距。

Okay,

好的，

but then if I rotate it,

但如果我轉動它，

it'll change as it goes around,

它在旋轉時就會發生改變，

correct?

對嗎？

It does change.

確實會改變。

So,

那麼，

so that linkage rides on the swashplate

所以那個連桿連在十字盤上，

and then pushes up on the side of the blade,

然後在葉片的側面向上推，

and then that in turn changes the blade depending on where it is in the rotation of the rotor shaft, 講解

接著這又反過來根據葉片在旋翼軸旋轉中的位置來改變葉片，

right?

對嗎？

Correct.

正確。

All right.

好的。

And so,

那麼，

what does that do for ya?

那對你有什麼用呢？

That uh lets me flip it any way I want to. 文法

那讓我能隨心所欲地翻轉它。

That lets me do wizardry.

那讓我能施展魔法。

Okay,

好的，

now you speak helicopter. 慣用語

現在你懂直升機語言了。

And for the next few videos,

在接下來的幾個影片裡，

prepare for your mind to be blown, 慣用語

準備好大開眼界吧，

but we're going to be using these fundamental terms.

但我們會使用這些基本術語。

So,

所以，

get ready.

準備好。

Go ahead and

現在就

subscribe so you can see this video series.

訂閱吧，這樣你就能看到這個影片系列了。

It's worth it.

絕對值得。