甘迺迪遇刺案——真相究竟是什麼？：英語精讀講義

They say that everybody who was alive at the time remembers the day it happened

人們說，當時還活著的人都記得那一天發生的事情，

and that it was one of the most shocking events in recent American history. 文法

並且那是美國近代史上最令人震驚的事件之一。

A president rides along in an open top limousine

一位總統乘坐敞篷豪華轎車，

on a bright November day in Dallas, Texas.

行駛在德州達拉斯市11月一個明媚的日子裡。

The sound of gunfire rips through the air 慣用語

槍聲劃破了天空，

and onlookers are horrified as the most powerful man in America slumps forward.

旁觀者驚恐地看到這位美國最有權勢的人向前倒下。

The day that changed history

改變歷史的這一天，

was followed by some of the most widely believed 片語搭配

隨後引發了一些流傳最廣的

conspiracy theories of modern times.

現代陰謀論。

The bizarre chain of deaths following the presidents

總統死後發生的一連串離奇死亡事件，

did little to quash these conspiracy theories. 文法

絲毫未能平息這些陰謀論。

But what do we know happened

但是關於到底發生了什麼，我們知道些什麼呢？

and what do we have yet to learn 文法

關於那個命運決定之日所發生的事件，

about the events of that fateful day?

我們還有哪些未解之謎？

That's what we're about to find out in this episode of the Infographics Show. 文法

這就是我們要在本期《Infographics Show》中一探究竟的內容。

What do we know and not know about the JFK assassination?

關於甘迺迪遇刺案，我們知道什麼，又不知道什麼？

Dallas, Texas, November 22nd at 12:30 p.m.

德州達拉斯市，11月22日中午12點30分。

The 35th president of the United States is fatally shot 用詞

美國第35任總統遭到致命槍擊，

as he rides in his open top limousine.

遇刺時他正坐在敞篷轎車裡。

He was announced dead at Parkland Memorial Hospital.

他在帕克蘭紀念醫院被宣布死亡。

Former US Marine and communist Lee Harvey Oswald

前美國海軍陸戰隊隊員、共產主義者李·哈維·奧斯華，

was arrested by the Dallas police

被達拉斯警方逮捕，

about 70 minutes after the shooting

逮捕時間大約在槍擊事件發生70分鐘後，

and charged under Texas state law 用詞

並根據德州法律被起訴，

with the murder of John F. Kennedy.

罪名是謀殺約翰·F·甘迺迪。

In a strange twist, two days later, 表達脈絡

離奇的是，兩天後，

with live television cameras filming,

在電視直播鏡頭的拍攝下，

Oswald was fatally shot at police headquarters

奧斯華在警察總部被致命槍擊，

by Jack Ruby, a nightclub owner.

開槍的是夜總會老闆傑克·魯比。

Oswald was taken to Parkland Memorial Hospital

奧斯華被送往帕克蘭紀念醫院，

where he was pronounced dead 片語搭配

在那裡被宣布死亡，

and Ruby was convicted of Oswald's murder

魯比因謀殺奧斯華被定罪，

and died in prison four years later.

並在四年後死於獄中。

A 10-month investigation by the Warren Commission 文化背景

華倫委員會經過10個月的調查，

concluded that Oswald acted alone in killing JFK, 片語搭配

得出結論，奧斯華是單獨行動刺殺了甘迺迪，

who was the fourth American president to be assassinated.

甘迺迪是第四位遇刺身亡的美國總統。

The others were Lincoln, Garfield, and McKinley.

其他三位分別是林肯、加菲爾德和麥金萊。

A 1964 report also concluded that,

1964年的一份報告還得出結論：

one, the shots were fired from the sixth floor window

第一，子彈是從六樓窗戶射出的，

at the southeast corner of the Texas School Book Depository,

該窗戶位於德州教科書倉庫大樓的東南角；

two, the shots were fired by Lee Harvey Oswald,

第二，開槍的人是李·哈維·奧斯華；

and three, there's no evidence that either Lee Harvey Oswald

第三，沒有證據表明李·哈維·奧斯華

or Jack Ruby were part of any

或是傑克·魯比參與了任何

conspiracy, domestic or foreign.

陰謀，無論是國內的還是國外的。

In a 1979 Warren Commission

在1979年的華倫委員會調查之後，

the United States Select Committee on Assassinations

美國刺殺事件特別委員會

concluded that Kennedy was probably assassinated

得出結論認為甘迺迪大概率是死於

as a result of a conspiracy. 片語搭配

一場陰謀。

An analysis of audio recordings suggests

對錄音檔的分析表明，

that a second gun was used during the incident.

在事件中使用了第二把槍。

John F. Kennedy's assassination

約翰·F·甘迺迪遇刺案

is still subject to a cross-the-board debate

至今仍是各界廣泛爭論的話題，

and is one of the most prevalent conspiracy theories today.

並且是當今最盛行的陰謀論之一。

New documents relating to the event 文法

與該事件相關的新文件

are currently being released by America's current president, Donald Trump.

目前正由時任美國總統唐納·川普解密發布。

A poll conducted from 1966 to 2004

在1966年至2004年期間進行的一項民調

discovered that up to 80% of Americans 用詞

發現，多達80%的美國人

still suspect that there was some sort of plot or cover-up. 用詞

依然懷疑其中存在某種陰謀或掩蓋行為。

Some people believe that a second gunman

有人認為有第二名槍手

fired from the grassy knoll 文化背景

從草坡上開槍，

as the president's open top limousine passed.

當時總統的敞篷轎車正好經過。

Jefferson Morley, a former Washington Post reporter

傑佛遜·莫利是一名前《華盛頓郵報》記者，

who has written several books on the incident, says,

他寫過多本關於該事件的書，他說：

"I've never written about a conspiracy theory.

"我從未寫過陰謀論。

I report facts about the assassination.

我只報導遇刺案的事實。

Look at the Zapruder film," 文化背景

看看札普魯德的影片吧，"

he says in reference to home footage of the event.

他提到這段記錄事件的家庭影片時說道。

Kennedy's head goes flying backwards.

"甘迺迪的頭向後仰去。

I know there's a theory

我知道有一種理論，

that if you get hit by a bullet from behind,

說如果你從背後被子彈擊中，

the head goes towards the source of the bullet.

頭部會朝著子彈飛來的方向倒去。

But as a common sense explanation,

但作為一種符合常識的解釋，

it seems very unlikely.

這似乎極不可能。

That sure looks like a shot from the front. 語氣意圖

那明明就像是從正前方射來的一槍。"

What do we know about Oswald?

關於奧斯華我們知道些什麼？

He was born on October 18th, 1939

他出生於1939年10月18日，

and was an American Marxist and ex-Marine.

是一名美國馬克思主義者和前海軍陸戰隊隊員。

He lived in the Belarusian city of Minsk

他曾居住在白俄羅斯城市明斯克

in the Soviet Union from October 1959 to June 1962.

（當時屬於蘇聯），時間是1959年10月到1962年6月。

He returned to the United States with his Russian wife, Marina,

他帶著俄羅斯妻子瑪麗娜回到了美國，

and eventually settled in Dallas.

最終定居在達拉斯。

So, what don't we know about the assassination?

那麼，關於這起刺殺事件我們還有什麼不知道的呢？

Well, the fact that nobody kept a written

事實是，沒有人保留書面的

record of Oswald's interview alerts suspicion

對奧斯華的偵訊筆錄，這引發了人們的懷疑，

and leaves much unknown.

也留下了許多未解之謎。

Every policeman involved violated standard procedures

所有涉案警察都違反了

on interviewing detainees.

偵訊被拘留者的標準程序。

In the 1960s, notes were always kept,

在1960年代，筆錄都是必須保留的，

but for some reason, these records have gone missing. 片語搭配

但出於某種原因，這些紀錄都不翼而飛了。

This was the assassination of the most powerful man in America

這是對美國最有權勢人物的暗殺，

and standard protocols were not followed. 文法

但標準程序卻沒有得到遵守。

There's one hell of an information gap right there, 慣用語

這裡顯然存在著一個巨大的資訊鴻溝，

but just why do onlookers shout conspiracy anyhow?

但旁觀者究竟為何紛紛高呼這是陰謀呢？

Why would the government kill its own president?

為什麼政府會殺死自己的總統？

Well, it seems JFK was planning to withdraw from Vietnam

看來甘迺迪原本計畫從越南撤軍，

and the Cold War

並打算結束冷戰，

and the theory goes that too many corporations 表達脈絡

有理論認為，有太多的企業

had begun to depend on the war economy

已經開始依賴戰爭經濟，

and would have suffered huge losses 文法

並且會遭受巨大損失，

had JFK continued on his peaceful trip.

如果甘迺迪繼續他的和平之旅的話。

That's one of the theories,

這是其中一種理論，

but the bizarre red flags are what really keep

但那些離奇的疑點才是真正讓

the conspiracy theorists chomping at the bit. 慣用語

陰謀論者按捺不住的原因。

Red flags such as the one raised by Jack Ruby's 慣用語

比如傑克·魯比

lone wolf attack on Oswald in a police basement. 用詞

在警察局地下室對奧斯華發起的孤狼式襲擊就是個疑點。

Why would he do it?

他為什麼要這麼做？

Is such an attack not simply suicide?

這樣的襲擊難道不簡直是自殺嗎？

And then the sudden death of Ruby a few years later

幾年後魯比的突然死亡，

also raises suspicion.

同樣引起了人們的懷疑。

Had the Secret Service visited Ruby in jail?

特勤局是否在獄中探視過魯比？

Was he ready to talk?

他是不是準備開口了？

Then there's that photo of Oswald

還有奧斯華那張照片，

that did the rounds in the press after his arrest. 慣用語

在他被捕後，那張照片在媒體上四處流傳。

It was thought that the image of Oswald holding a rifle,

人們認為那張奧斯華手持步槍的影像，

published in the press,

也就是報紙上發表的那張，

was in fact a faked image.

實際上是一張偽造的照片。

An image of Oswald's face was superimposed 用詞

奧斯華臉部的影像被疊加到了

onto the body of another man.

另一個男人的身體上。

Although the faked photo claim has been debunked by experts, 講解

儘管偽造照片的說法已經被專家揭穿，

the red flag remains in people's consciousness.

但這個疑點依然留存在人們的潛意識中。

Then there's the umbrella man, 文化背景

接下來是「雨傘人」，

a figure holding an umbrella on that tragic sunny day is thought by some conspiracy theorists 文法

在那個悲劇性的晴天，一個舉著雨傘的身影被一些陰謀論者認為

to be signaling to a gunman or gunmen.

是在向一名或多名槍手發信號。

The umbrella man was caught

那個雨傘人被捕捉到了，

on a home video recording of the event

出現在一段記錄該事件的家庭影片中，

and added to the conspiracy myth.

並為這起陰謀神話增添了色彩。

In 2017, the US government released

2017年，美國政府解密了

2800 previously classified files related to the assassination 用詞

2800份之前被列為機密的與遇刺案相關的文件，

and we can conclude from those pages the following: 表達脈絡

從那些文件中我們可以得出以下結論：

The FBI warned Dallas police of a threat to kill Oswald

聯邦調查局曾警告達拉斯警方有人威脅要殺死奧斯華，

according to a memo by Director J. Edgar Hoover,

這是根據局長J·埃德加·胡佛的一份備忘錄得出的，

but the police in Dallas, for whatever reason, 語氣意圖

但達拉斯的警方，無論出於什麼原因，

failed to protect him.

卻未能保護他。

The FBI Dallas division was trying to track Oswald down 片語動詞

聯邦調查局達拉斯分局曾試圖追蹤奧斯華，

in the days leading up to the assassination. 片語搭配

就在遇刺案發生前的那幾天。

He was of interest to the Bureau according to Cuban sources. 用詞

根據古巴方面的消息來源，調查局對他很感興趣。

Pages from the file indicate that Oswald's killer, Jack Ruby,

文件中提到，奧斯華的殺手傑克·魯比，

operated a shady bar with no interference from the police department

經營著一家可疑的酒吧，且未受到警察局的任何干涉，

according to an FBI informant who shared the information

這是一個聯邦調查局的線人分享的資訊，

days after Ruby was shot dead.

時間是在魯比被擊斃幾天後。

The informant also went on to say 片語動詞

該線人還繼續說道，

he was surprised that Ruby actually killed Oswald

他很驚訝魯比真的殺了奧斯華，

rather than simply wounding him in the leg to get publicity. 文法

而不是僅僅打傷他的腿來博取關注。

On the 24th of November, Hoover had begun to fear

在11月24日，胡佛已經開始擔心

about a conspiracy theory arising, stating,

會出現陰謀論，他聲稱：

"The thing I am concerned about is having something issued 文法

"我關心的是必須發布一些消息，

so that we can convince the public that Oswald is the real assassin."

以便讓公眾相信奧斯華才是真正的刺客。"

There's two ways to read that memo. 表達脈絡

解讀這份備忘錄有兩種方式。

Either the head of the FBI is concerned 文法

要麼是這位聯邦調查局局長擔心

that the real conspiracy plot will be unraveled

真正的陰謀將被揭開，

or he thinks that

要麼就是他認為，

circumstances surrounding the death of the president

圍繞總統死亡的種種情況

are so bizarre, it seems like a conspiracy.

實在是太離奇了，看起來就像是一場陰謀。

So, what do you think?

那麼，你是怎麼看的呢？

Was the JFK assassination part of a conspiracy?

甘迺迪遇刺案是一場陰謀的一部分嗎？

And who else might have been involved?

還有誰可能捲入其中？

Let us know your thoughts in the comments.

請在留言區告訴我們你的想法。

Also, be sure to watch our other video

此外，也一定要去看看我們的另一個影片，

called "Weirdest Phobias People Suffer from".

叫做《人們患有的最奇怪的恐懼症》。

Thanks for watching and as always,

感謝觀看，和往常一樣，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

別忘了按讚、分享並訂閱。

See you next time.

我們下次見。