你的手機在偷聽你說話嗎？：英語精讀講義

You are having a coffee with a close friend and bring up how you need a new bathing suit. 片語動詞

你正和一位好友喝咖啡，聊到自己需要買一件新泳裝。

Then bam, all of a sudden there are ads on your phone for bathing suits. 片語搭配

結果「砰」的一下，你的手機上突然全是泳裝廣告。

Our smartphones are with us at all times, 片語搭配

智慧型手機無時無刻都跟著我們，

but are companies and governments using them to spy on us? 片語搭配

但企業和政府是否也正利用它們監視我們？

You may be suspicious for a good reason.

你的懷疑也許其來有自。

A New York Times piece uncovered that 用詞

《紐約時報》的一篇報導揭露，

thousands of apps including gaming apps for kids

包括兒童遊戲 App 在內的數千款 App

are equipped with the software Alphonso. 片語搭配

都裝有 Alphonso 軟體。

Alphonso uses your smartphone microphone

Alphonso 會使用智慧型手機的麥克風，

to listen to the ads that you are watching on TV.

監聽你在電視上看到的廣告。

It uses audio signals

它會運用音訊訊號

to collect TV viewing data in order for advertisers 文法

蒐集電視收視資料，好讓廣告商

to personally promote things to you online.

在網路上向你進行個人化推銷。

Alphonso claims to not record human speech. 文法

Alphonso 聲稱不會錄下人類說話的聲音。

Facebook has created a device called Pixel,

Facebook 開發了一款名為 Pixel 的工具，

which is designed as a way to continue tracking you online 片語搭配

用來持續追蹤你的網路活動，

even after you've left a website.

即使你已經離開某個網站。

By dropping a small piece of data called a cookie, 講解

它會植入一小段稱為 Cookie 的資料，

your device will now remember information

這樣你的裝置就會記住各種資訊，

like how long you linger on a certain item 用詞

例如你瀏覽某件商品時停留了多久，

and whether you added anything to your shopping cart

以及你是否把某樣東西加入購物車

but didn't purchase it.

卻沒有購買。

Millions of websites use Facebook Pixel,

數百萬個網站都在使用 Facebook Pixel，

which is why the hat you didn't end up buying follows you around Facebook forever. 講解

所以那頂你最後沒買的帽子才會永遠在 Facebook 上陰魂不散。

But sites like Facebook even follow you offline

但 Facebook 這類網站甚至還會追蹤你的線下活動，

and have been known to purchase information 文法

而且據了解還會購買相關資訊，

and create a database of over 52,000 different attributes about you.

並建立資料庫，記錄與你有關的 52,000 多項不同特徵。

For example, Facebook buys data from supermarket loyalty programs. 文化背景

例如，Facebook 會向超市的會員獎勵計畫購買資料。

So if you have a points card with a grocery store,

所以，如果你有某家超市的點數卡，

Facebook may be paying to understand your purchasing patterns, 片語搭配

Facebook 可能會花錢了解你的消費模式，

potentially learning about what you eat

藉此推測你平常吃什麼，

or even what type of toothpaste you use.

甚至使用哪一種牙膏。

So your phone can listen to you,

所以，你的手機不只能聽你說話，

but it can also follow you as well.

還能一路追蹤你。

Every time you receive a text or use data to load an app,

每當你收到簡訊，或使用行動數據載入某個 App 時，

companies can log and retain your location 片語搭配

企業都可以記錄並保留你的位置，

based on the cell tower and cellular antenna you connected to.

依據就是你連上的手機基地台與行動通訊天線。

The precision of location has increased over time

定位精準度隨著時間不斷提升，

and can paint a detailed picture of where you go. 慣用語

足以詳細描繪出你的行蹤。

So your phone may start sending you ads for swimsuits

所以，你的手機可能會開始向你推播泳裝廣告，

because you were just physically in or near a surf shop.

只因為你剛才去過衝浪用品店，或從附近經過。

These companies will claim they aren't doing anything you haven't agreed to 文法

這些公司會辯稱，它們所做的一切都經過你的同意，

as you have accepted the privacy policy

因為你已經接受了隱私權政策，

that allows the collection of your information.

而政策允許它們蒐集你的資訊。

And did you read the fine print? 慣用語

那麼，那些小字條款你讀過嗎？

Probably not.

大概沒有。

A study presented 543 participants 片語搭配

一項研究向 543 名參與者

with a fake app called NameDrop

提供了一款名為 NameDrop 的假 App，

to see how many would read

看看其中有多少人會閱讀

the privacy policy and terms of service. 文化背景

隱私權政策與服務條款。

74% skipped reading the agreement altogether,

74% 的人直接略過了整份協議，

and those who did read it didn't do a great job. 文法

而那些有讀的人也讀得不怎麼仔細。

98% of participants missed the gotcha clauses, 用詞

98% 的參與者都沒發現其中的陷阱條款，

which included sharing all your data with the NSA,

包括把你的所有資料分享給 NSA、

your employer,

你的雇主，

and agreeing to provide your firstborn child as payment.

以及同意交出你的第一個孩子作為報酬。

And what about the rise of smart speakers like Google Home and Amazon Alexa,

再看看日益普及的 Google Home、Amazon Alexa 等智慧音箱，

which are designed to listen to you at all times?

它們的設計不就是要無時無刻聽你說話嗎？

Though they are supposed to only record your voice when given prompts like "Okay, Google." 文法

不過，照理說只有聽到「Okay, Google」之類的提示語時，它們才會錄下你的聲音。

Recently,

最近，

a couple found that Amazon's Alexa recorded a private conversation 用詞

有一對夫妻發現，Amazon Alexa 錄下了他們的私人對話，

and then randomly sent it to a friend.

接著竟把錄音隨機傳給了一位朋友。

These are deemed unfortunate glitches,

這類事件被視為不幸的系統故障，

but what if someone gained access to them? 講解

但如果有人取得這些裝置的存取權限呢？

As Wi-Fi networks and mobile internet devices are easier to hack than you might think. 片語搭配

畢竟，Wi-Fi 網路和行動連網裝置比你想像中更容易遭到駭入。

Your typical wireless internet information is kept confidential

一般來說，你的無線網路資訊之所以能保密，

by being converted from a readable state to nonsense at the access point 文法

是因為它會在存取點從可讀內容轉換成一堆亂碼，

and then converted back to a readable state

然後再轉換回可讀內容，

when you use the correct Wi-Fi password from your computer.

前提是你在電腦上輸入了正確的 Wi-Fi 密碼。

When internet moved from physically wired networks to wireless technology,

當網際網路從實體有線網路轉向無線技術後，

it became easier to hack and less secure 文法

網路就變得更容易被駭，也更不安全，

because the encryption schemes are relatively simple.

因為加密機制相對簡單。

For example,

例如，

your webcam can be hacked by creating a remote access tool, 文化背景

駭客可以建立遠端存取工具，入侵你的網路攝影機，

which is the digital equivalent 表達脈絡

這種工具在數位世界裡就相當於

of someone adding an unlocked window to your home without you even noticing. 文法

有人趁你毫無察覺，在你家裝了一扇沒上鎖的窗戶。

Also,

此外，

the FBI agent meme isn't far from the truth 慣用語

關於 FBI 探員的那個迷因，其實離真相並不遠，

as the FBI is known to use phishing, 文化背景

因為眾所皆知，FBI 會使用網路釣魚手法，

which is slipping a link into a message

也就是悄悄把一個連結塞進訊息裡，

that is labeled in a misleading way.

再為它加上誤導性的標示。

When you hit the link, 用詞

當你點下這個連結時，

your device connects to the FBI's computer,

你的裝置就會連上 FBI 的電腦，

downloading malware, 文法

並下載惡意軟體，

which is then able to covertly spy on you.

惡意軟體隨後就能暗中監視你。

Long story short, 表達脈絡

簡單來說，

your phone is capable of listening to you, 講解

你的手機可以聽你說話、

following you,

追蹤你，

and even watching you.

甚至看著你。

If online security and privacy is important to you,

如果你重視網路安全與隱私，

make sure you check out today's sponsor of our video, NordVPN,

別忘了看看本集影片的贊助商 NordVPN，

who's offering you 77% off of a three-year plan

它的三年方案目前可享 77% 折扣，

if you use the promo code AsapScience or go to nordvpn.com/asapscience.

只要使用優惠碼 AsapScience，或前往 nordvpn.com/asapscience 即可。

VPNs or virtual private networks 文化背景

VPN，也就是虛擬私人網路，

encrypt your internet traffic and mask your identity online 片語搭配

會加密你的網路流量，並隱藏你的網路身分，

so people can't see what you're searching

這樣別人就看不到你搜尋了什麼，

or get access to your private information.

也無法取得你的私人資訊。

NordVPN is the world's most advanced VPN service using military-grade encryption.

NordVPN 是全球最先進的 VPN 服務，採用軍用級加密技術。

They also offer a super fast experience with almost no impact on speed while using it.

它還提供超高速的使用體驗，連線後幾乎不影響網速。

It has features like an automatic kill switch,

它的功能包括自動斷線開關、

browser proxy extension,

瀏覽器 Proxy 擴充功能、

ad blocking,

廣告封鎖

and many more.

以及更多功能。

NordVPN even bypasses the Great Firewall of China 文化背景

NordVPN 甚至可以繞過中國防火長城，

and works in the Middle East where not all VPNs work.

在其他 VPN 未必能用的中東地區也能正常運作。

With 4,300 servers and counting in 62 countries, 片語搭配

它在 62 個國家設有超過 4,300 台伺服器，數量仍持續增加，

they're constantly growing and expanding,

而且還在不斷成長與擴展，

which separates them from other providers.

這讓它有別於其他服務供應商。

On top of all this,

除此之外，

you can use it on six devices simultaneously,

你還能同時在六台裝置上使用它，

like your phone,

例如手機、

your computer,

電腦、

your tablet,

平板，

so that you're protecting your information at all times,

讓你的資訊隨時受到保護，

including if you're on public Wi-Fi.

即使使用公用 Wi-Fi 時也不例外。

Again,

再說一次，

you can use the promo code AsapScience

你可以使用優惠碼 AsapScience，

or head to nordvpn.com/asapscience

或前往 nordvpn.com/asapscience，

to get 77% off of a three-year plan

享有三年方案 77% 的折扣，

and start protecting your privacy online.

從現在開始保護你的網路隱私。

Thanks so much for watching

非常感謝大家收看，

and we'll see you next Thursday for a new science video.

下週四的新科學影片，我們再見。

Peace.

掰掰。