洗髮皂真的能減少垃圾嗎？ | 全球廢棄物 | 商業內幕：英語精讀講義

This is shampoo

這是洗髮精

made with seaweed,

由海藻、

lemon,

檸檬

and sea salt,

和海鹽製成，

and no packaging at all. 文法

完全沒有任何包裝。

Zero waste products like these are supposed to reduce trash. 文法

這類零廢棄產品應該能減少垃圾。

We've saved literally millions of packages from landfill,

我們真的讓數百萬件包裝免於被送進掩埋場，

and that's really important to me.

這對我來說非常重要。

But there are still billions of bottles that end up in landfills and on beaches every year. 片語動詞

但每年仍有數十億個瓶子最終進了掩埋場，或散落在海灘上。

So can recipes like this really help cut worldwide waste? 文法

那麼，這樣的配方真的能幫助減少全球廢棄物嗎？

We went to factories in Vancouver and Tasmania to find out.

我們前往溫哥華和塔斯馬尼亞的工廠一探究竟。

At Beauty and the Bees in Tasmania,

在塔斯馬尼亞的 Beauty and the Bees，

a mix of oils and melted beeswax are the first ingredients in a shampoo bar.

製作洗髮皂最先用到的原料，是各種油脂和融化的蜂蠟的混合物。

We've never used any plastic packaging, 語氣意圖

我們從未使用任何塑膠包裝，

ever.

一次都沒有。

We use only paper,

我們只使用紙、

tin, glass,

馬口鐵、玻璃

or wood.

或木材。

Jill Saunders started Beauty and the Bees 30 years ago.

Jill Saunders 在 30 年前創立了 Beauty and the Bees。

Her products use only natural ingredients.

她的產品只使用天然成分。

This is entirely chemical-free,

這完全不含化學成分，

and the suds are biodegradable.

泡沫也可生物分解。

That's very important too.

這一點也非常重要。

Clay from the Atlas Mountains in Morocco,

來自摩洛哥阿特拉斯山脈的黏土

blended with castor oil, 文法

與蓖麻油混合後，

makes the shampoo thick and foamy.

會讓洗髮皂變得濃稠又多泡。

So we're going to pour.

現在我們要把它倒出來。

Workers add Tasmanian leatherwood honey and lye.

工作人員會加入塔斯馬尼亞革木蜂蜜和鹼液。

Lye is an ancient ingredient that turns the mixture into soap for the hair. 文法

鹼液是一種古老的原料，能把混合物變成用來洗頭的皂。

The clay, oil, beeswax,

黏土、油脂、蜂蠟

and lye become a liquid shampoo

和鹼液會變成液態洗髮皂，

that's then poured into a bin 文法

接著倒進一個大型容器，

and wheeled into a drying room

再推進乾燥室，

where it sits for two days.

在裡面靜置兩天。

Then it's cut and packaged into biodegradable boxes.

然後切成塊，裝進可生物分解的盒子。

Mass-produced shampoo often uses artificial foaming agents like sodium lauryl sulfate.

大量生產的洗髮精經常使用月桂基硫酸鈉等人工起泡劑。

Those go down the drain and can end up in the oceans. 慣用語

這些物質會流入排水管，最後可能進入海洋。

Saunders says that's partly why customers want to buy her bars,

Saunders 表示，這正是顧客想購買她的洗髮皂的部分原因，

which break down safely in nature. 片語動詞

因為它們能在自然環境中安全分解。

She sells 100,000 of them a year.

她每年賣出 10 萬塊。

But that's still only a tiny fraction of the $2 billion shampoo market. 片語搭配

但在價值 20 億美元的洗髮精市場中，這仍只佔極小的一部分。

It's extremely hard to get people to understand shampoo bars. 文法

要讓人們了解什麼是洗髮皂，真的非常困難。

People are beginning to understand,

人們開始慢慢了解，

but it is still very fringe. 用詞

但它仍然非常小眾。

Fringe because mass market shampoo in plastic bottles

之所以小眾，是因為塑膠瓶裝的大眾洗髮精

dominated store shelves and TV ads for decades.

數十年來一直佔據商店貨架和電視廣告。

A new shampoo with vitamins, minerals, protein, and

一款含有維生素、礦物質、蛋白質，以及

But experts say a growing number of consumers, 片語搭配

但專家表示，愈來愈多消費者，

especially millennials,

尤其是千禧世代，

now want to buy biodegradable beauty products.

現在都想購買可生物分解的美容產品。

This is something that we are seeing happen in the shampoo category

我們正看到洗髮產品類別出現這種轉變，

where how matters, 文法

「怎麼做」變得很重要，

like how the product is made.

例如產品是怎麼製造的。

Lush Cosmetics scaled for mass production years ago 用詞

Lush Cosmetics 多年前就擴大規模，進行大量生產，

and now sells about $20 million worth of shampoo bars every year. 片語搭配

如今每年賣出的洗髮皂價值約 2,000 萬美元。

We have seen really a shift from customers

我們確實看到顧客的態度有所轉變，

and more and more folks looking at how

愈來愈多人開始思考，

they can be more environmentally friendly in their own lives.

如何在自己的生活中更友善對待環境。

Lush showed us how they make one of their top sellers, 用詞

Lush 向我們展示了他們如何製作其中一款熱銷商品——

the Seanik shampoo bar.

Seanik 洗髮皂。

This $12 disc lasts for 80 washes 片語搭配

這塊 12 美元的圓形洗髮皂可使用 80 次，

and replaces about three shampoo bottles.

大約能取代三瓶洗髮精。

Sea salt,

海鹽、

lemon and orange flower oils,

檸檬和橙花精油，

and two types of seaweed.

以及兩種海藻。

These are dried sheets of nori seaweed being fed into a paper shredder. 文法

這些是正被送進碎紙機的乾燥海苔片。

They're added right at the end.

它們會到最後才加入。

The smell is uh quite strong.

這個味道，呃，相當濃烈。

It'll remind you of sitting on the beach, 片語搭配

會讓你想起坐在沙灘上，

hanging out by the ocean.

在海邊悠閒度過時光。

The same kind of food coloring used in M&Ms

M&Ms 使用的同類食用色素

makes it pop on the shelves and online. 用詞

讓它在貨架上和網路上都格外醒目。

Lush has sold 41 million of these Seanik bars since 2005.

自 2005 年以來，Lush 已售出 4,100 萬塊 Seanik 洗髮皂。

That's equivalent to about 1/5 片語搭配

這大約相當於

of all the shampoo bottles Americans buy in a year.

美國人一年購買的所有瓶裝洗髮精的五分之一。

Multinational brands like Procter and Gamble and L'Oréal

寶僑和 L'Oréal 等跨國品牌

are also getting into the natural shampoo market. 片語動詞

也開始進軍天然洗髮產品市場。

We spoke to Sonika Malhotra,

我們訪問了 Sonika Malhotra，

co-founder of Unilever's Love Beauty and Planet line

她是聯合利華 Love Beauty and Planet 系列的共同創辦人，

that launched in 2018.

該系列於 2018 年推出。

The shampoo bars sell in more than 40 countries

這些洗髮皂銷往 40 多個國家，

and in retailers like Target and Walmart.

並在 Target、Walmart 等零售商販售。

So we need to track technologies

所以，我們需要關注相關技術，

where we are able to find materials

以便找到某些材料，

that sort of replicate all of these values, 語氣意圖

能夠大致重現所有這些價值，

these properties that this material has,

以及這種材料所具備的這些特性，

and that's not easy.

而這並不容易。

Unilever shampoo bars are still niche

聯合利華的洗髮皂仍然很小眾，

compared to their legacy brands like Suave and Tresemmé. 用詞

無法與 Suave 和 Tresemmé 等老牌產品相比。

But the pressure to cut plastics is on. 慣用語

但減少塑膠使用的壓力正不斷升高。

In 2019,

2019 年，

a Greenpeace campaign tagged manufacturers on widely circulated photos of trash

綠色和平組織發起一項行動，在廣為流傳的垃圾照片中標註相關製造商，

and singled out Unilever as a major source of plastic garbage, 片語動詞

並特別指出聯合利華是塑膠垃圾的主要來源之一，

along with Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Nestlé.

可口可樂、百事和雀巢也名列其中。

Now we can pick up our smart devices

如今，我們可以拿起智慧型裝置，

and look like,

然後查一查：

hey,

「嘿，

what's the brand's opinion on this?

這個品牌對此有什麼看法？

What does the brand do to limit waste?

這個品牌做了什麼來減少廢棄物？」

Unilever signed a commitment to eliminate single-use packaging, 片語搭配

聯合利華簽署承諾，表示將淘汰一次性包裝，

but little progress has been made. 文法

但至今進展不大。

And plastics contribute to climate change.

塑膠也會加劇氣候變遷。

They're made with fossil fuels

它們由化石燃料製成，

and emit greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle. 用詞

並在整個生命週期中排放溫室氣體。

Many countries have banned certain types of plastic packaging.

許多國家已禁用某些類型的塑膠包裝。

When we think about real solutions,

當我們思考真正的解決方案時，

we have to look at systems change 用詞

就必須著眼於系統性變革，

and who is accountable for that. 片語搭配

並追問誰該為此負責。

It's corporations and industry.

答案是企業和整個產業。

Break Free from Plastic runs beach cleanups

Break Free from Plastic 會舉辦淨灘活動，

where volunteers tally up the trash associated with specific brands. 片語動詞

志工會統計與特定品牌相關的垃圾數量。

Break Free's global head of communications

Break Free from Plastic 的全球傳播主管

says all this plastic garbage

表示，所有這些塑膠垃圾

won't go away with just shampoo bars.

不會只靠洗髮皂就消失。

These sorts of products are still putting the onus on individuals. 片語搭配

這類產品仍然把責任推到個人身上。

There's something really strong about wallet power, 慣用語

「錢包的力量」確實很強大，

but it is a drop in the bucket 慣用語

但這只是杯水車薪，

in terms of the solution to be focused on.

並不是解決問題時應聚焦的重點。

And small businesses like Jill's

而像 Jill 的公司這樣的小企業

face obstacles to scaling up, 片語動詞

在擴大規模時面臨許多障礙，

like steep shipping costs and expensive ingredients. 用詞

例如高昂的運費和價格不菲的原料。

Her bar costs three times as much as Unilever's. 文法

她的洗髮皂價格是聯合利華產品的三倍。

Despite the challenges,

儘管面臨這些挑戰，

Jill says her customer base is growing.

Jill 表示，她的客群仍在成長。

Business is getting better and better and better 文法

生意愈來愈好、愈來愈好、愈來愈好，

as a result of the zero waste consciousness

這要歸功於日益增強的零廢棄意識，

and people's awareness that biodegradability is very important.

以及人們了解到生物可分解性非常重要。

So the future looks extremely bright. 慣用語

所以，未來看起來一片光明。