你是你自己的負一等表親：英語精讀講義

This is you,

這是你，

this is your family tree, 慣用語

這是你的族譜，

and this is your family tree explained.

這是對你族譜的解析。

You have parents and your parents have parents.

你有父母，你的父母也有父母。

These are your grandparents who also have parents,

這是你的祖父母，他們也有父母，

your great grandparents.

也就是你的曾祖父母。

Keep adding parents,

不斷往上加父母，

keep adding greats.

就不斷往上加「曾」(great)。

For every G in the name, 文法

名字裡每多一個 G，

there is one generation in between you and that person.

你和那個人之間就多隔一代。

Grandparents,

祖父母(Grandparents)，

one G,

一個 G，

one generational in-betweener. 用詞

隔著一代人。

Great, great, great grandparents,

曾曾曾祖父母(Great, great, great grandparents)，

four Gs,

四個 G，

four in-betweeners.

隔著四代人。

Continuing with the basics,

繼續講基礎的，

you have siblings and so do your parents. 文法

你有兄弟姊妹，你的父母也有。

These are your aunts and uncles.

這就是你的阿姨和叔叔。

Up the tree,

沿著族譜往上，

you may call these people your great aunts and uncles,

你可能會稱呼他們為你的曾姨和曾叔(great aunts and uncles)，

but your grandparents' siblings are really your grand aunts and uncles. 用詞

但你祖父母的兄弟姊妹實際上是你的姑婆和伯公等(grand aunts and uncles)。

Greats are reserved for the levels above grand. 片語搭配

Great 這個詞是專門留給 grand 以上級別的。

Your great grandparents' siblings are your great grand aunts and uncles.

你曾祖父母的兄弟姊妹是你的曾姑婆和曾伯公等(great grand aunts and uncles)。

Now, down the tree,

現在，沿著族譜往下，

your siblings' children are your nieces and nephews,

你兄弟姊妹的孩子是你的姪女、外甥女、姪子或外甥，

collectively niblings, 用詞

統稱為姪輩(niblings)，

and you are their aunt or uncle.

而你是他們的阿姨或叔叔。

Their children are your grand nieces and nephews,

他們的孩子是你的姪孫和外甥孫女，

and you are their grand aunt or uncle.

而你是他們的姨婆或叔公。

We've gone up and we've gone down, 表達脈絡

我們已經講了往上和往下，

and now it's time to go sideways.

現在該講講橫向的了。

When you get married,

當你結婚時，

you get everyone's favorite in-laws. 語氣意圖

你就會擁有大家都「喜歡」的姻親(in-laws)。

You're on the same level of the family tree as your spouse's siblings. 文法

你在族譜上的輩分和配偶的兄弟姊妹是一樣的。

You're a kind of pseudo-sibling. 用詞

你就像是一個偽兄弟姊妹。

All the new family's relationships to you are the same as to your spouse,

所有新家人與你的關係，和與你配偶的關係是一樣的，

but they get the in-law suffix. 用詞

只不過他們多了一個「姻親」的後綴(in-law)。

It's pretty straightforward except for one case. 片語搭配

這很容易理解，除了一種情況。

Your spouse's siblings are your siblings-in-law,

你配偶的兄弟姊妹是你的姻親兄弟姊妹(siblings-in-law)，

but are your siblings-in-law's spouses also your siblings-in-law?

但是你姻親兄弟姊妹的配偶也是你的姻親兄弟姊妹嗎？

It's a little unclear.

這就有點說不清了。

All right,

好了，

enough with the in-laws. 語氣意圖

姻親就講到這裡。

It's on to the reason you're probably watching this video. 表達脈絡

接下來就是你可能看這部影片的原因。

Cousins.

表/堂親(Cousins)。

Your aunt and uncle's children are your cousins,

你阿姨和叔叔的孩子是你的堂/表親，

but there are many kinds of cousins,

但表親有很多種，

and to better understand them,

為了更好地理解，

we need to simplify this family tree and think downward. 表達脈絡

我們需要簡化這個族譜，往下思考。

Here's you, your children, and your grandchildren.

這是你、你的孩子和你的孫子孫女。

Your grandchildren are first cousins to each other, 文化背景

你的孫子孫女互為第一代堂表親(first cousins)，

and their children, your great grandchildren,

他們的孩子，也就是你的曾孫子女，

are second cousins to each other and so on. 片語搭配

互為第二代堂表親(second cousins)，以此類推。

The cousin number is the same as the G rule. 文化背景

堂表親的代數和 G 規則是一樣的。

It tells you how many in-betweeners until the connection on the family tree.

它告訴你在族譜上產生聯繫之前隔了多少代人。

Fourth cousins,

第四代堂表親(Fourth cousins)，

four in-betweeners and a shared great, great, great grandparent.

隔了四代人，並共有同一個曾曾曾祖父母。

According to the rule,

根據這個規則，

your first cousins and you connect at your grandparent.

你和你的第一代表親在祖父母那一輩產生聯繫。

And second cousins share a great grandparent connection.

第二代堂表親共享曾祖父母的血緣聯繫。

Just match the cousin number with the number of Gs

只需將堂表親的代數與 G 的數量相匹配，

and you're all set. 片語搭配

一切就搞定了。

Simple.

很簡單。

Side note here. 表達脈絡

補充一點。

Continuing this rule in reverse means that siblings can technically call each other zeroth cousins, 語氣意圖

反向推導這個規則意味著，理論上兄弟姊妹可以稱彼此為第零代堂表親，

which they totally should.

他們完全可以這麼叫。

And you are your own negative first cousin.

而你自己就是你自己的負第一代堂表親。

Weird.

真奇怪。

All done here now. 表達脈絡

現在講完了。

Nothing more to talk about.

沒什麼可講的了。

Oh right,

喔對，

the once removed thing. 文化背景

還有「隔代」(removed)這回事。

You may have noticed these cousins are all on the same level.

你可能已經注意到這些表親都在同一個輩分上。

Removed just describes how many generations apart people are.

「Removed」僅僅描述了人們之間相隔了多少代。

For example,

例如，

what's the family connection between these two?

這兩個人之間的親屬關係是什麼？

Start by taking the smaller cousin number,

從較小的表親代數算起，

first cousins,

第一代堂表親，

and count the levels apart,

然後計算相隔的輩分，

once removed.

相隔一代(once removed)。

These are first cousins twice removed,

這些是相隔兩代的第一代堂表親，

thrice removed,

相隔三代的，

and these are second cousins once removed.

而這些是相隔一代的第二代堂表親。

Doing all this on our simplified drawing of your descendants is a bit too easy

在關於你後代的簡化圖上講這些實在太簡單了，

as most family trees look more like this. 文法

因為大多數族譜更像是這樣的。

The rules are still the same,

規則還是不變，

first cousins,

第一代堂表親，

second cousins,

第二代堂表親，

and the removed,

以及相隔的代數，

but it is a bit harder to tell quickly who exactly is your second cousin twice removed

但要迅速辨認出誰到底是你想隔兩代的第二代表親確實有點難，

or your great grandaunts-in-law?

或者是你的曾姻姑婆？

To help,

為了提供幫助，

there is a chart you can download,

你可以下載一張圖表，

which will both make it much easier to figure out what grand-nibling or cousin removed you are to anyone at the next family reunion, 講解

這能讓你在下次家庭聚會時更容易弄清楚你對別人來說是哪種姪孫輩或者隔代表親，

and obviously show how cool you are. 語氣意圖

顯然也能展示出你有多酷。

Now, we're really done,

現在，我們真的講完了，

unless you start thinking about the math of all of these family members. 文法

除非你開始思考所有這些家庭成員的數學問題。

Just how many great, great, great, great grandparents do you have?

你到底有多少個曾曾曾曾祖父母？

64?

64 個？

And those great x grand parents had kids,

而那些稱謂中有 x 個 great 的祖父母們生了孩子，

giving you a whole lot of cousins. 片語搭配

這讓你有一大堆堂表親。

This chart happens to stop at 10th cousins, 文法

這個圖表剛好停在第 10 代表親，

of which you may have more than 2,000, 文法

這部分親戚你可能有 2000 多人，

which seems like way too many, 片語搭配

這看起來實在太多了，

but these numbers both have big, possibly unsettling asterisks attached to them, 慣用語

但這兩種數字都帶有一個巨大的、可能令人不安的星號，

which we will talk about more in part two, 表達脈絡

我們會在第二部影片中詳細討論，

family genetics explained.

也就是對家族遺傳學的解析。