你的免疫系統是如何運作的？ - 艾瑪·布萊斯 (Emma Bryce)：英語精讀講義

哪一句最能把典型過程呈現為快速連續的動作？

1. The seed can break open when enough water is available.
2. A wet seed is often larger than a dry seed.
3. The seed absorbs water, swells, and breaks open.

請用一個表示「如果沒有這張地圖」的三字英文片語完成句子：____ the map, we would still be lost.

哪一句自然地用 accompanied by 補充同時出現的線索，並用 telltale 表示該線索能揭露問題？

1. The engine problem was accompanied by a telltale smell of burning rubber.
2. The engine problem was accompanied by a smell that told everyone a long story.
3. The engine problem was telltale by a smell of burning rubber.

哪一句先承認一個缺點，接著用 but 強調更重要的好處？

1. The update fixes a security problem because it takes time.
2. The update takes time, and time is a security problem.
3. The update takes time, but it fixes an important security problem.

哪一句使用 a signal that + 子句來說明訊號的意義？

1. The coach gave the runner a signal.
2. The bell was a signal to leave the room.
3. The warning light is a signal that the battery is low.

完成名詞搭配 safeguard against：Regular backups are a safeguard ____ data loss.

哪一句先列出組成部分，再用 that 說明其功能，清楚地定義一個事物？

1. The emergency system is a network of sensors and alarms that warn people about danger.
2. Sensors and alarms are important because they warn people about danger.
3. The emergency system uses sensors and alarms in many buildings.

用 Without ... would be exposed to 句型完成這條假設風險鏈：____ protective gloves, a worker's hands ____ chemicals that could make a small skin irritation serious.

用 minor 完成 as...as 比較結構：Even a problem ____ a loose wire can shut down the whole network.

補全固定搭配 rely on：This rescue service relies ____ trained volunteers during storms.

哪一句正確使用 also known as 來引出公認的別稱？

1. Mercury, also called as quicksilver, is a liquid metal.
2. Mercury, also known as quicksilver, is a liquid metal.
3. Mercury, also known quicksilver, is a liquid metal.

用 originate in 的過去式完成句子：The custom ____ a small fishing village centuries ago。

用 migrate 加上表示「進入」的介系詞完成句子：During inflammation, immune cells can ____ nearby tissue.

用 help clear 的兩個字形式完成句子，並讓 help 與單數主詞一致：A good filter ____ harmful particles from the water.

用 teem 的適當形式完成句子，使其表示「充滿大量事物」：After the rain, the garden was ____ butterflies.

用能與 between 正確搭配的字完成句子：There are between 20 ____ 30 seeds in every packet.

哪一句中的 as 相當於 while，表示兩個動作同時發生？

1. The camera is as light as a phone.
2. As the camera moves across the room, it records each wall.
3. As the battery was dead, the camera would not turn on.

哪一句先用熟悉的事物作類比，再透過具體的共同動作解釋抽象功能？

1. The firewall blocks online threats, but a gatekeeper watches a building entrance.
2. The firewall is installed beside the gatekeeper in the office.
3. The firewall works like a gatekeeper, checking each request for possible threats.

使用 screen X for Y 結構完成句子：Airport staff ____ bags ____ prohibited items.

使用 relies on 和 called 完成句子：The device mainly ____ signals ____ beacons to find its location.

這句話如何組織資訊？

1. 先描述入侵者，再聲稱分子痕跡並不存在。
2. 先列出實驗步驟，再報告實驗結果。
3. 先說明這些痕跡是什麼、位於哪裡，再說明它們揭露了什麼。

在例句中，betray the presence of invaders 是什麼意思？

1. 阻止入侵者移動
2. 背叛入侵者
3. 暴露入侵者的存在

哪一句表示偵測到煙霧後，警報器幾乎立刻就會響起？

1. Before the sensor detects smoke, the alarm has already sounded for several minutes.
2. The sensor detects smoke because it takes the alarm several minutes to stop.
3. As soon as the sensor detects smoke, it takes only seconds for the alarm to sound.

哪一句中的 kick in 表示「開始運作」？

1. The backup system kicked in when the power failed.
2. The firefighter kicked in the locked door.
3. We each kicked in five dollars for the gift.

哪一句使用相同的邏輯：多樣的挑戰要求系統具備相應的彈性？

1. Classroom needs vary widely, but the lesson plan was written last week.
2. The lesson plan is adaptable, although today's class starts at noon.
3. Classroom needs vary widely, so the lesson plan has to be equally adaptable.

完成目標結構 That means + -ing：The building has limited space. ____ using smaller desks and shared storage.

哪一句正確使用了 means relying on A to do B？

1. Running the event means rely on volunteers to guide visitors.
2. Running the event means relying volunteers to guide visitors.
3. Running the event means relying on volunteers to guide visitors.

哪一句正確使用了 despite？

1. Despite the heavy rain, the match continued.
2. Although the heavy rain, the match continued.
3. Despite it was raining heavily, the match continued.

用表示「兩種方法相互配合」的目標形容詞完成句子：The library launched a ____ campaign to improve access: it extended weekend hours and added a mobile book service.

在例句中，First主要具有什麼組織作用？

1. 它表示這是唯一可能出現的免疫反應。
2. 它引出流程的第一部分，接著句子再說明這一部分的作用和方法。
3. 它表示這個動作發生在其他所有步驟之後。

哪一句正確使用 trigger a response 來表示某個原因使一種反應開始？

1. Bright light can trigger to a protective response in the eye.
2. Bright light can trigger a protective response in the eye.
3. Bright light can respond a protective trigger in the eye.

請使用 by 和 reduce 的 -ing 形式完成句子：The device saves energy ____ screen brightness.

在這個句子中，As the drone flies along the fence 表達什麼關係？As the drone flies along the fence, it checks every post.

1. 檢查只會在無人機停止飛行後進行。
2. 圍欄被拿來與無人機作比較。
3. 飛行和檢查是同一個持續過程中的同步動作。

用 read 和 simply by + -ing 完成句子：The scanner identifies each box ____ its label.

用 store 完成 allow + 受詞 + to-infinitive 結構：The app allows users ____ important documents securely.

在這段解說中，That allows ... to identify ... and transmit ... 有什麼作用？

1. 把前一步的結果連接到接下來成為可能的兩個動作
2. 讓流程倒退，並表示前一步失敗了
3. 引入兩個沒有因果關係的獨立事件

填入引出接收方所需的介系詞：The satellite transmits weather data ____ stations on the ground.

哪一句正確使用 go in search of 來描述搜尋行動的開始？

1. At dawn, the rescue team went in searching of the missing hikers.
2. At dawn, the rescue team went in search of the missing hikers.
3. At dawn, the rescue team went in search for the missing hikers.

請使用 kill off 完成句子，並把代名詞放在正確位置：The beetles were destroying the garden, so the farmer tried to ____.

哪一個句子正確使用 Meanwhile 來帶出同時發生的活動？

1. The lab team finished the report. Then, they submitted it.
2. The lab team completed the first test. Meanwhile, only after it ended, they began the second test.
3. The lab team analyzed the samples. Meanwhile, the field team collected more data.

哪一句使用了相同的「資訊輸入推動行動」組織方式？

1. The survey results arrived after the design team updated the app.
2. The design team explained how the app had collected the survey results.
3. The design team used the survey results to start improving the app.

用 produce 的 -ing 形式完成句子：The factory started ____ medical supplies last year.

哪一句用 pièce de résistance 表示一個較大活動中的重頭戲？

1. The final experiment resisted the science show.
2. The final experiment was the pièce de résistance of the science show.
3. The science show was a piece of physical resistance.

選出正確使用 Each 搭配單數動詞，並把 unique 和 matching 放在所修飾名詞前面的句子。

1. Each lock has a uniquely match key.
2. Each lock have a unique matching key.
3. Each lock has a unique matching key.

哪一句使用相同的「鎖與鑰匙」形象來說明有選擇的匹配？

1. The enzyme can bind to every target equally well.
2. The enzyme fits its target like a key in a lock.
3. The enzyme is made from a metal key and a lock.

哪一句中的 latch onto 表示「抓住並維持附著」？

1. The reporter latched onto one small detail.
2. The tiny hooks latch onto the fabric.
3. She latched onto the new idea immediately.

哪一句中的 cycle through 表示「在一個實體系統內循環流動」？

1. The coolant cycles through the engine to carry heat away.
2. Maya cycles through the park every morning.
3. The mechanic pours coolant into a clean container.

句意是監看一直持續到系統恢復安全的那一刻。完成句子：The engineers kept watching the system ____ it was safe again.

哪一句中的 neutralized 表示「使危險無法再造成傷害」？

1. The report described the harmful chemical in detail.
2. The two teams remained neutral during the argument.
3. The filter neutralized the harmful chemical before it reached the river.

請使用本課學到的完整開頭片語補上句子：____, the stage crew is preparing the next scene.

哪一句使用相同架構，先修正原先的看法，再說明功能？

1. The rough tiles were actually replaced after the warning.
2. The rough tiles are currently beside the platform edge.
3. The rough tiles are actually safety markers designed to warn people near the platform edge.

用本課中表示「功能是協助……」的正式表達完成句子：This device is ____ recovery after surgery.

哪一句正確使用了 make it + adjective + for + noun + to do 結構？

1. The steep path makes it difficult for young children to reach the top.
2. The steep path makes young children difficult to reach the top.
3. The steep path makes it difficult young children to reach the top.

用表示「容易受溫度影響」的連字號形容詞完成句子：The medicine must stay in the refrigerator because it is ____.

哪個句子最清楚地把資訊組織成「條件、動作和結果」的連鎖？

1. Water damage is common in old basements.
2. The pipe burst after the basement flooded.
3. When the pipe bursts, water floods the basement, causing serious damage.

用 make 和 melt 的正確形式完成句子：The device releases heat that ____ the ice ____.

完成句子。在 major damage 前使用 cause 的 -ing 形式：The broken pipe flooded the hallway, ____.

哪一個承接句使用 That also 回指前面的事件，並補充另一項作用？

1. The alarm wakes the staff. That means the staff are nearby residents.
2. The alarm wakes the staff. Also, a resident bought a new alarm.
3. The alarm wakes the staff. That also alerts nearby residents.

哪一句自然地用 eradicate 表示徹底消除，並用 within 表示完成期限？

1. The staff will eradicate the chairs from the room within ten minutes.
2. The campaign aims to eradicate the disease within ten years.
3. The city will control the pollution within ten years, meaning it will certainly disappear completely.

哪一句先承認一項限制，再把注意力轉向真正的功能？

1. A summary includes every detail because leaving details out is its purpose.
2. A summary never includes any useful information, so it serves no purpose.
3. A summary won't always include every detail, but that's not its purpose; it is meant to present the main ideas.

在這個句子中，Its actual job is to... 如何組織資訊？

1. 它表示這項功能只會短暫發生。
2. 它列出兩個同樣可能的功能，但不選擇任何一個。
3. 它修正一個原先的想法，並帶出真正的功能。

請用目標結構 stop A from -ing 和 escalate to + level 完成句子：Early action can stop the conflict ____ a dangerous level.

through constant surveillance over time 說明這項益處是如何形成的？

1. 結果是透過一段時間內的持續監測產生的。
2. 結果只在一次短暫檢查後產生。
3. 結果是因為所有監測都已停止而產生的。

用表示「逐漸獲得免疫保護」的兩個單字搭配完成句子：Vaccines can help the body ____ to a virus.

填入表示「感測器利用偵測到的資料採取行動」的英文表達：When the sensor detects smoke, it can ____ sound an alarm.

這個句子如何組織資訊？

1. 它表示細胞要等到其他所有細胞都受到影響後才採取行動。
2. 它先提出一個結果，再說明未來的觸發情況、行動及其目的，以及避免進一步傷害的時限。
3. 它描述的是發生在過去、彼此無關的幾件事。

哪一句自然地表示這座城市迅速調動資源來處理問題？

1. The city swiftly deployed the storm damage to tackle repair crews.
2. The city swiftly described repair crews after the storm damage.
3. The city swiftly deployed repair crews to tackle the storm damage.

說話者剛剛解釋了過濾器去除水中鹽分的步驟。哪一句最適合用來收束這段說明？

1. That's what the filter cost.
2. That's how the filter produces fresh water.
3. That's why the filter was blue.

It doesn't always work so well. 表達的是什麼意思？

1. 它在某些情況下運作良好，但並非每次都如此。
2. 它從來都無法良好運作。
3. 它每次都運作得一樣好。

請填入表示「免疫系統攻擊身體自身健康組織」的醫學術語：Lupus is an ____ disease.

請使用括號中的字和目標結構完成句子：Yesterday, the fake website ____ her password. (trick / Maya / reveal)

哪一句先把一個要點標示為不確定資訊，接著再提出相關的已知資訊？

1. Everyone knows exactly why the lake turned pink, but no tests have been done.
2. No one knows why the lake turned pink, and no one has learned anything about it.
3. No one knows exactly why the lake turned pink, but tests show that the water is safe.

哪一句自然地表示多個軟體缺陷嚴重破壞了一個系統，但破壞程度並不完全相同？

1. The software flaws sabotaged the payment system to varying degrees.
2. The software flaws caused the payment system to work exactly as intended.
3. The software flaws repaired the payment system in different ways.

哪一句最準確地表示每個社區都受到影響，但受影響的程度不同？

1. The storm affected the neighborhoods to varying degrees.
2. The storm affected every neighborhood to the same degree.
3. The storm affected the neighborhoods in various ways.

請用表示「構成深層原因或基礎」的正式動詞完成句子：Long-term stress may ____ several health problems.

剛才有幾位顧客回報某款應用程式會在他們的手機上當機。哪一句最能限定接下來的說法，並把焦點帶回一般情況？

1. For all users, therefore, the app runs smoothly.
2. For most users, however, the app runs smoothly.
3. For a few users, however, the app crashes.

哪一句表示身體成功抵抗了感染？

1. Her symptoms revealed the infection.
2. Her immune system fought off the infection.
3. Her doctor tested for the infection.

選出能補完整句子且表示「貫穿整個時期」的片語：The town changed greatly ___ the century.

1. at the moment of
2. before the start of
3. over the course of

哪個句子正確使用 Without ... would ... 來描述假設性的結果？

1. Without its battery, the device will stopping working.
2. Without its battery, the device would stops working.
3. Without its battery, the device would stop working.

哪個句子自然地表示「小爭端可能發展成嚴重得多的事態」？

1. A small dispute could escalate into something far serious.
2. A small dispute could escalate something far more serious into.
3. A small dispute could escalate into something far more serious.

用目標結構完成這項提醒：____ you use a shared computer, sign out of every account.

說話者剛解釋完短暫休息如何提升專注力。哪一句最適合用同樣的「未來情境＋提醒」結構結束講解？

1. So the next time you feel your attention fading, take a short break and return refreshed.
2. People sometimes lose focus during long tasks.
3. Yesterday, I took a break while studying.
4. Short breaks can improve focus in several ways.

救護人員在車禍後救了我們。請用 owe + them + our lives 補完句子：We ____.

請用 consider 和 join 的正確形式補完這個有禮的邀請：Please ____ our volunteer team.