斯多葛主義哲學 - Massimo Pigliucci：英語精讀講義

哪一句最自然地表示：旅行受阻後，莉娜受困在離家極遠的地方？

1. After the flights were cancelled, Lena was standing thousands of miles from home.
2. After the flights were cancelled, Lena was stranded thousands of miles to home.
3. After the flights were cancelled, Lena was stranded thousands of miles from home.

閱讀英文語境，選擇最能回指整個困難處境的開頭：The roads were flooded, and the last train had been cancelled. ___ would make anyone feel helpless.

1. A routine task
2. Such a predicament
3. An easy question

用 give up 的正確形式完成句子：The pressure would make many people ____.

這個句子開頭的主要作用是什麼？But for Zeno of Cyprus, it became the foundation of his life's work and legacy.

1. 它表示這場困境是為了讓芝諾受益而發生的。
2. 它把通常的反應與芝諾所經歷的不同結果作對比。
3. 它表示芝諾阻止了這場困境發生。

哪一句中的 foundation 使用了相同的抽象含義？

1. She put the report on the foundation beside her desk.
2. The concrete foundation cracked during the storm.
3. Her first field study became the foundation of her later research.

哪個片語能自然地描述「一位過去曾經有名的演員」？

1. a famous once actor
2. a once famous actor
3. an actor who became famous once

哪一句自然地表示「船員遭遇船難後流落到一座偏遠島嶼」？

1. The crew wrecked a ship on a remote island.
2. The crew was shipwrecked on a remote island.
3. The crew saw a shipwreck from a remote island.

用本課中表示「因為沒多少別的事可做」的片語完成句子：____, we walked around the empty station.

哪一句明確表示 Maya 是隨意、沒有計畫地走進某處的？

1. Maya walked into a small music shop to pick up the guitar she had ordered.
2. Maya wandered into a small music shop while exploring the old town.
3. Maya hurried past a small music shop to catch the bus.

用本課學到的三個單字組成的過去式結構完成句子：After the museum visit, Lena ____ ancient maps.

請用表示「接著有目的地去尋找」的標示結構完成句子：After checking the directory, Maya ____ a local historian.

請用表示「在某人的指導下學習」的標示搭配完成句子：Elena moved to Seville to ____ a respected flamenco teacher.

哪一句中的 as 和例句一樣，用來引出發展中的時間背景？

1. As the key was missing, we could not open the door.
2. As you requested, I attached the file.
3. As Maya walked toward the library, it began to rain.

用本課表示「被稱為」的兩個字補完整句子：The singer is ____ Luna on stage.

用表示所屬關係的關係詞完成句子：We visited a museum ____ collection includes ancient coins.

哪一句使用 comes from 說明一個字的來源？

1. The word robot comes from a Czech word.
2. The word robot comes to a Czech word.
3. The word robot comes across a Czech word.

在這個句子中，colonnade 指哪一種場所？

1. 由成排柱子支撐、有頂且側面開放的公共空間
2. 沒有建築結構的一般露天道路
3. 建築物地下的私人儲藏室

colloquially 在這個句子中傳達了什麼資訊？

1. stoic 這個詞只能用於古代哲學著作。
2. 這個句子正在說明 stoic 的日常非專業意思。
3. Stoicism 正由一種性格特徵得到完整定義。

請用目標表達完成句子：Even when deadlines pile up, our team leader ____.

這句話如何處理 stoic 的日常定義？

1. 它把這個定義的每一部分都視為錯誤而完全否定。
2. 它先承認這個定義部分正確，接著指出它並不完整。
3. 它把這個定義和這套哲學描述為同時發生的兩個事件。

用本課三個字的目標片語完成句子：A library is ____ a room full of books.

句中的 a web of cause and effect 描述的是什麼？

1. 每個事件只有一個簡單原因，而且不會產生更廣泛的影響。
2. 許多互相連結的原因與結果彼此影響。
3. 一切都透過網際網路連結。

請用 result in 的 -ing 形式完成句子：A water main broke, ____ the closure of two streets.

例句中的 which they called logos 有什麼作用？

1. 它把 logos 說成創造宇宙的目的。
2. 它表示幾個品牌標誌具有理性設計。
3. 它把剛提到的理性結構命名為 logos。

哪一句使用相同的結構，先承認限制，再指出一個可行的選擇？

1. We may always prevent mistakes, but we cannot learn from them.
2. Because we can learn from mistakes, mistakes never happen.
3. While we may not always prevent mistakes, we can learn from them.

用表示「有決定能力」的目標搭配完成句子：Even when the train is late, you still ____ how you use the waiting time.

哪一句中的 approach 表示「以某種方式處理或思考某件事」？

1. We need to approach this discussion calmly.
2. The train is approaching the station.
3. The hikers are approaching the cabin.

用表示「按照它目前的實際狀態」的三個字詞補完整句子：We need to deal with the problem ____, not as we wish it were.

請使用 rather than 和 complain 的 -ing 形式完成句子：____ about the delay, let's look for a solution.

在片語 four cardinal virtues 中，cardinal 是什麼意思？

1. 根本的或最重要的
2. 與東、南、西、北有關的
3. 在天主教會中擔任高階職位的

哪一項描述最符合本句中 practical wisdom 的含義？

1. 知道修理實物的實用訣竅。
2. 收集有用的事實，卻不決定如何行動。
3. 在複雜的現實情境中運用良好判斷，選擇適當的行動。

哪一句中的 navigate 與例句使用了相同的抽象含義？

1. The map helped us navigate to the nearest library.
2. The captain learned to navigate by the stars.
3. Good communication helped us navigate the difficult conversation.

在這句話中，Temperance 是什麼意思？

1. 實踐自我克制，避免過度。
2. 拒絕一切舒適或享受。
3. 事情出錯時表現出憤怒。

用一個介系詞完成句子：The teacher treats every student ____ patience.

本句中的 even when they have done wrong 表達了什麼意思？

1. 即使他人做錯了事，公平對待的原則仍然適用。
2. 公平對待的原則只在任何人犯錯之前適用。
3. 一個人做錯事後就不再值得被公平對待。

哪一句表示勇氣既可以出現在緊急情況中，也可以展現在日常選擇中？

1. Courage appears not in emergencies but only in everyday choices.
2. Courage appears not just in emergencies but also in everyday choices.
3. Courage appears either in emergencies or in everyday choices, but not both.

使用 face + challenges + with + 品質 這個結構，並用 clarity 和 integrity 完成句子：Good leaders ____.

哪一句使用 As + 人物 + 引述動詞 來引出這個人的觀點？

1. Dr. Lee observed small habits during the experiment.
2. As Dr. Lee observed, small habits can produce large changes.
3. As a doctor, Lee studies how habits affect health.

哪一句使用不定詞片語作主詞，並用 even 突出一個出乎意料的行為？

1. She even called a friend after asking for help.
2. Even to ask for help can take courage.
3. She called a friend to ask for help.

哪一種解釋最能說明例句中 not a self-centered philosophy 的意思？

1. 它既反對個人成長，也反對關心他人。
2. 它可能鼓勵自我提升，但不會教人只關心自己。
3. 它認為提升自己一定代表忽視他人。

在句子 "The policy considers the path as public land," 中，considers 是什麼意思？

1. 它正在決定是否購買這條小路。
2. 它計畫沿著這條小路步行。
3. 它把這條小路歸類為公有土地。

請用本課中表示「在一個……的時期」的四字英文開頭補完整句子：____ most families had no internet access, the library offered free computer use.

用本課中表示「公開要求」的兩個字補完整句子：After the factory accident, the union ____ safer working conditions.

用 stress that 的過去式補完整句子：The coach ____ every player had to arrive on time.

用 Nor 和正確的助動詞完成第二句：The plan does not reduce costs. ____ it solve the safety problem.

用 The idea is that 加上表示聚焦的 only 完成總結句：____ registered members can borrow equipment overnight.

哪一句表示「知道密碼」是必要條件，而且不知道密碼的員工不能打開這個櫃子？

1. Employees who know the code can only open this cabinet.
2. Employees who only know the code can open this cabinet.
3. Only employees who know the code can open this cabinet.

請用 bring、positive change，以及表示「改變發生在年輕運動員自身」的介系詞完成英文句子：A patient coach can ____ young athletes.

哪一句正確使用了並列的 one of... is also one of... 結構？

1. One of the youngest scientist on the team is also one of its clearest speaker.
2. One of the youngest scientists on the team is also one of its clearest speakers.
3. One of the youngest scientists on the team are also one of its clearest speakers.

用表示「在整個學年期間」的目標片語完成句子：____ the school year, the club gained thirty new members.

用 give someone the resolve to do something 結構完成句子：Her coach's encouragement ____ keep training after the loss.

用 lead someone or something through a difficult period 的過去式結構完成句子：The principal ____ the school ____ a year of major changes.

請用 while 和 deal 的 -ing 形式完成句子：Lena stayed calm ____ a sudden crisis.

哪一句使用 would，從過去視角描述後來真實發生的事件？

1. Every winter, her letters would comfort him by the fire.
2. Years later, her letters would comfort him during a difficult winter.
3. Her letters would comfort him if he ever received them.

這句話中的 struggle for racial equality 是什麼意思？

1. 為了讓所有種族的人獲得平等權利而進行的長期政治與社會鬥爭。
2. 兩個人之間短暫的肢體較量。
3. 曼德拉學習一項新技能時遇到的個人困難。

哪一句使用 After + 名詞片語，把兩個節點放在主要動作之前，同時用 eventual 表示結果經過漫長過程後才實現？

1. Before her release and eventual victory, she called for reconciliation.
2. Because of her release and eventual victory, she called for reconciliation.
3. After her release and eventual victory, she called for reconciliation.

哪一句表示校長公開強調了兩項原則？

1. The principal stressed fairness and respect.
2. The principal was stressed about fairness and respect.
3. The principal stressed about fairness and respect.

哪一句用 while 對比「無法改變的限制」與「仍可採取的回應」？

1. While we cannot undo the mistake, we can learn from it.
2. While the team was meeting, the manager wrote a report.
3. While we were discussing the mistake, the phone rang.

哪一句正確使用 confront 來表示直接面對一個嚴重問題？

1. The committee must confront the evidence of discrimination.
2. The committee must confront against the evidence of discrimination.
3. The committee must confront to the evidence of discrimination.

用 seek to build 的正確形式完成這句正式使命陳述：Our program ____ stronger, fairer communities.

哪一句中的 school 表示思想傳統，而不是教育機構？

1. The school hired three philosophy teachers.
2. Epicureanism was a major school of philosophy in the ancient world.
3. The university built a new school for philosophy students.

哪一句使用 As + 名詞片語，把判斷限定在某一種形式或身分上？

1. As the community center was closing, the staff packed the chairs.
2. As a community center, the building closed, but it still hosts occasional events.
3. Because the community center closed, the staff packed the chairs.

哪個句子使用 fade away 來表示逐漸消失？

1. The distant music stopped with a sharp click.
2. The distant music became louder and clearer.
3. The distant music gradually faded away.

請用表示「從過去一直到現在」的固定片語補完句子：The custom has survived ____.

哪一句表示老師們喜歡 Maya 的方法，之後又開始使用它？

1. The teachers adopted Maya's method even though they disliked it.
2. The teachers admired and adopted Maya's method.
3. The teachers admired Maya's method but kept using their old one.

請用以 parallels 為核心的目標結構完成句子：There are clear ____ Maya's novel ____ Leo's novel.

在 ataraxia, or tranquility of mind 中，or 有什麼作用？

1. 它表示 tranquility 與 ataraxia 意思相反。
2. 它對 ataraxia 提供較簡單的解釋。
3. 它要求讀者在兩種不同狀態之間選擇。

完成句子，使其否定惡劣天氣是原因，並指出排程錯誤才是真正原因：The delay stemmed ____ bad weather, ____ a scheduling error.

請用 resonate 的現在完成式、副詞 strongly 和正確的介系詞完成句子：Over the years, this message ____ young readers。

在本句中，應如何理解 rational emotive behavioral therapy？

1. 它是一種心理治療形式的多字名稱。
2. 它列出了四種彼此獨立的治療方法。
3. 它描述了四種互不相關的人格特質。

用括號中動詞的正確形式完成句子：The workshop focuses on ____ confidence. (build)

哪一句最能表現 self-defeating attitude？

1. 她詢問教練自己可以如何進步。
2. 她拒絕參加球隊選拔，因為她確信自己會失敗。
3. 她一步一步練習一項困難的技能。

請用表示「再補充一個地點」的縮寫片語完成第二句：You can visit the museum and the park. ____ a free science center nearby.

請用表示「受到……塑造」的兩個單字完成句子：____ customer feedback, the new app is easier to use.

用表示「以科學證據為基礎」的片語完成句子：The theory is ____ years of careful research.

用表示「主動運用我們的決心」的目標片語完成句子：We can ____ to keep going when the task gets hard.

用 fill A with B 結構完成句子：She volunteers every weekend to ____ her life ____ meaning.

用 even in 完成句子：People can find hope ____ the bleakest situations.