如果你停止進食會發生什麼事？：英語精讀講義

This video is brought to you by Dollar Shave Club. 片語搭配

本影片由 Dollar Shave Club 贊助播出。

Use the link in the description for a special $5 starter set.

點擊資訊欄中的連結，獲取只要5美元的特價入門套組。

We all understand that our car needs fuel to keep it running.

我們都知道汽車需要燃料才能繼續行駛。

In the same way, 表達脈絡

同樣地，

our body also needs fuel in the form of food to power our continued existence. 片語搭配

我們的身體也需要食物形式的「燃料」來維持生存。

The food we consume provides us with a range of different nutrients such as vitamins,

我們吃下肚的食物能提供一系列不同的營養素，例如維生素、

minerals,

礦物質、

water,

水分、

carbohydrates,

碳水化合物、

fiber,

膳食纖維、

fat, and protein.

脂肪以及蛋白質。

These nutrients have varying uses like keeping the organs healthy and operational,

這些營養素有著不同的用途，例如維持器官的健康運作、

the brain in working order, 片語搭配

保持大腦的正常運作，

and also ensuring our cells continue to regenerate.

以及確保我們的細胞能夠不斷再生。

When a car runs out of gas,

當汽車耗盡汽油時，

it stops running.

它就會停止運作。

What if the body runs out of gas? 慣用語

那麼如果身體耗盡了「燃料」呢？

What happens?

會發生什麼事？

That's what we'll be looking at today in this episode of The Infographics Show, 表達脈絡

這就是我們今天要在《The Infographics Show》這一集中探討的內容，

what would happen if you didn't eat for a week. 文法

如果你一個禮拜不吃東西會發生什麼事。

Before we answer this question, 表達脈絡

在回答這個問題之前，

let's first look at the recommended amount of food you should be eating in a normal day.

讓我們先來看看一個人在平常日子裡建議的食物攝取量。

Calories are used to measure the energy content of foods and beverages,

卡路里被用來衡量食物和飲料的能量含量，

and according to online health information website Healthline, 片語搭配

根據線上健康資訊網站 Healthline 的資料，

the average woman needs to consume roughly 2,000 calories per day to maintain her weight

一般女性每天大約需要攝取2000卡路里來維持體重，

and 1,500 calories per day to lose 1 lb of weight per week.

若想每週減重1磅，則每天需攝取1500卡路里。

The average man needs to consume around 2,500 calories per day to maintain his weight

一般男性每天需要攝取大約2500卡路里來維持體重，

and 2,000 calories per day to lose 1 lb of weight per week.

若想每週減重1磅，則每天需攝取2000卡路里。

This is just a guide, 語氣意圖

但這只是一個參考指標，

and the actual amount depends on numerous factors like age,

實際所需的攝取量取決於許多因素，如年齡、

height, weight, and activity levels.

身高、體重以及活動程度。

So what does 2,000 or 2,500 calories look like in portions of food? 文法

那麼，2000或2500卡路里換算成食物份量是什麼樣的呢？

Here are a few examples.

這裡有幾個例子。

A roasted chicken is 475 calories per leg.

一隻烤雞腿含有475卡路里。

A 6-oz salmon fillet is 350 calories.

一塊6盎司的鮭魚排含有350卡路里。

There are 489 calories per 100 g of homemade granola,

每100克自製麥片含有489卡路里，

and a Starbucks Double Chocolaty Chip Frappuccino Blended Creme with whipped cream has a whopping 510 calories. 用詞

而一杯加了鮮奶油的星巴克雙重巧克力碎片星冰樂含有高達510卡路里。

So four of those a day and you'd be maxed out. 片語動詞

所以一天喝四杯這個，你的熱量攝取就見頂了。

Now that we have an idea of how much food we need 文法

既然我們已經知道了我們需要多少食物，

and the calorie levels of some of the things we eat,

以及我們常吃的一些東西的卡路里含量，

let's see what happens if we cut out all these yummy delights 片語動詞

讓我們來看看如果我們戒掉所有這些美味佳餚

and starve the body of fuel. 片語搭配

並讓身體斷絕能量來源會發生什麼事。

For the first 6 hours with no food,

在禁食的最初6個小時內，

everything is perfectly normal.

一切都非常正常。

Many people have gaps between meals of up to 6 hours on a typical day. 片語搭配

很多人在平常的日子裡，兩餐之間的間隔時間都會達到6小時。

The glycogen in your body,

你體內的肝醣，

which is responsible for storing energy,

主要負責儲存能量，

is broken down through your metabolism to form glucose, 片語動詞

會透過新陳代謝分解成葡萄糖，

the thing your body uses as fuel.

也就是你身體作為燃料使用的東西。

Your brain uses 25% of this energy with the rest being absorbed by your muscle tissues 文法

你的大腦會消耗其中25%的能量，其餘的則被你的肌肉組織

and red blood cells.

和紅血球吸收。

But as soon as you get beyond 6 hours, 文法

但是一旦超過6小時，

the glycogen stores will be exhausted

肝醣儲備就會被耗盡，

and hunger pains will kick in. 片語動詞

飢餓的陣痛感就會襲來。

As the brain runs out of energy,

隨著大腦能量的耗盡，

it can lead to some people getting moody and irrational 片語搭配

可能會導致有些人變得情緒化和失去理智，

unless they find their favorite snack fast. 文法

除非他們能馬上找到最喜歡的零食。

These feelings do not last long,

不過這種感覺不會持續太久，

though, and your body adjusts and enters what is known as ketosis, 文法

你的身體會進行自我調整，並進入所謂的「酮症」狀態，

a state at which the body starts breaking down your excess fat 文法

在這種狀態下，身體會開始分解多餘的脂肪

and converting it to energy.

並將其轉化為能量。

Ketosis is a state that a lot of athletes such as marathon runners enter

酮症是很多運動員（比如馬拉松跑者）在耗盡肝醣儲備時

when they run out of glycogen supplies,

會進入的一種狀態，

and there are also many popular low-carb diets that use ketosis

也有很多流行的低碳水化合物飲食法利用酮症

to assist with weight loss.

來輔助減重。

After 72 hours,

72小時後，

things start to get very tricky when your brain decides it needs more than just ketones to survive. 片語搭配

當你的大腦決定它不僅需要酮體來維持生存時，事情就會變得非常棘手。

At this stage,

在這個階段，

your body starts to break down its own proteins to form glucose.

你的身體開始分解自身的蛋白質來產生葡萄糖。

So your body is effectively eating its own muscle tissue to survive,

所以你的身體實際上是在靠吞噬自身的肌肉組織來維持生存，

and we're only 3 days in. 片語搭配

而這僅僅是在禁食第3天。

Beyond this point, 表達脈絡

超過這個時間點之後，

the immune system will start to struggle in the absence of important vitamins and minerals. 片語搭配

在缺乏重要維生素和礦物質的情況下，免疫系統將開始變得脆弱。

This will make you more susceptible to illnesses and eventually death. 片語搭配

這會使你更容易生病，並最終導致死亡。

As the body continues to eat itself until there is no fat,

隨著身體繼續進行「自我吞噬」，直到沒有脂肪、

muscle, or glucose reserves left,

肌肉或葡萄糖儲備可以被消耗，

the chances of heart attack due to severe heart tissue damage is heightened.

因心臟組織嚴重受損，心臟病發作的風險也會升高。

This sounds pretty harsh and not advisable,

這聽起來相當殘酷且不建議嘗試，

but trying to predict how long these results will affect a person can vary depending on different factors. 片語搭配

但要試圖預測這些結果在多長時間內會影響一個人，可能會因各種因素而異。

Someone with greater fat reserves will have a longer survival time,

擁有更多脂肪儲備的人會有更長的生存時間，

and most importantly,

最重要的是，

it matters how much water the body receives. 文法

身體獲得多少水分也至關重要。

Without fluids,

如果沒有流質攝取，

most people will die within 10 days.

大多數人會在10天內死亡。

But if fluids are kept in the diet,

但如果在飲食中保持液體的攝取，

then a person can last from 20 to as long as 60 days without eating anything, 片語搭配

一個人在不吃任何東西的情況下可以堅持20到長達60天，

though most human bodies will give up within 40 days. 片語動詞

儘管大多數人的身體會在40天內崩潰。

So what are some of the longest periods people have gone without food? 片語搭配

那麼人們在不進食的情況下維持的最長紀錄有哪些呢？

We found the story of Rita Chretien,

我們找到了 Rita Chretien 的故事，

who was in her mid-50s when she and her husband got lost in the Nevada wilderness in the winter of 2011. 片語搭配

她50多歲時，和丈夫於2011年冬天在內華達州的荒野中迷路了。

Rita survived 49 days of starvation using melted snow to get liquid.

Rita 靠著吃融化的雪水獲取水分，在飢餓中存活了49天。

She was fortunate to be discovered by some hunters who were taking advantage of the good weather after the winter. 片語搭配

幸運的是，她被一些趁著冬日過後天氣好轉出來打獵的獵人發現了。

By the time she was found, 文法

在被發現的時候，

she had lost nearly 30 lb,

她已經瘦了將近30磅，

and as she had not eaten for so long,

而且由於長時間沒有進食，

she was unable to take food immediately.

她無法立刻吃下食物。

Her husband disappeared when he went off to try and find food and help.

她的丈夫在出去尋找食物和救援時失蹤了。

His body was discovered in 2012.

他的遺體在2012年被尋獲。

Clearly,

顯然，

if you're planning any adventure trips,

如果你計畫進行任何探險旅行，

it's best to be properly prepared. 文法

最好做好充分的準備。

British newspaper The Guardian quoted the couple's son Raymond as saying, 片語搭配

英國報紙《The Guardian》引述這對夫婦的兒子 Raymond 的話說：

"I don't believe they were prepared for winter weather.

"我不認為他們為冬季天氣做好了準備。

They don't go camping."

他們平常是不去露營的。"

Some of the longest periods that people go without food are hunger strikes, 用詞

人們不進食的最長時期之一是絕食抗議，

and none were longer than the case of an Indian national born in 1931,

而這其中時間最長的莫過於1931年出生的印度國民——

Bhagat Singh.

Bhagat Singh 的案例。

At the time,

當時，

the British ruled India, 文化背景

英國統治著印度，

and Singh was part of the Indian Independence Movement,

Singh 是印度獨立運動的一員，

which saw him locked up in prison for allegedly murdering two people. 用詞

他因被指控謀殺兩人而被關進監獄。

When in prison,

在獄中，

Singh undertook a hunger strike as a way to demand better clothing and hygiene standards 片語搭配

Singh 發起了絕食抗議，要求獲得更好的服裝和衛生標準，

and an ending of the manual labor duties at the prison.

並要求結束監獄裡的勞力工作。

The British government tried to break the fast by placing bowls of food in his cell, 片語搭配

英國政府試圖透過在他的牢房裡放置一碗碗的食物來打破他的絕食，

but Singh was very determined and never touched any of it.

但 Singh 非常堅決，從未碰過任何食物。

Incredibly,

令人難以置信的是，

he lasted 63 days,

他堅持了63天，

by which point he weighed only 119 lb. 文法

到那個時候他的體重僅剩119磅。

Okay,

好吧，

so it seems that if the conditions are right 文法

看來如果條件合適

and if you have enough water,

且如果你有足夠的水，

you can go without food for long periods of time.

你可以很長一段時間不吃東西。

But is it ever healthy or is it just downright dangerous? 用詞

但這究竟是健康的，還是純粹非常危險的呢？

As it happens, 表達脈絡

碰巧的是，

fasting has become increasingly popular as a health routine in recent years. 片語搭配

近年來禁食作為一種健康習慣變得越來越受歡迎。

It's widely understood within the health community that there are many benefits to cutting out food for short periods of time, 文法

健康界普遍認為，短時間內停止進食會有許多好處，

such as a few days.

比如幾天。

The obvious benefit is that it can support weight loss if that's something your body requires.

最明顯的好處是，如果你的身體有需求，它可以幫助減重。

But other health benefits are said to include boosting your metabolism, 文法

但據說其他健康益處還包含促進新陳代謝、

lowering blood pressure,

降低血壓、

protecting your brain,

保護大腦，

and maybe even slowing the aging process,

甚至可能減緩老化過程，

though a lot of researchers all disagree with these theories.

儘管有很多研究人員並不認同這些理論。

Beauty routines have gone out of control, 慣用語

美容保養程序已經變得有些失控，

but one part that doesn't have to be crazy is your grooming.

但你的個人護理並不需那麼瘋狂。

Dollar Shave Club has everything in one place to get your morning going right. 片語搭配

Dollar Shave Club 把一切所需匯集一處，讓你的早晨有個美好的開始。

We've tried the Dr. Carver's Easy Shave Butter,

我們嘗試了 Dr. Carver's 簡易刮鬍膏，

and our skin was left totally smooth. 文法

用後皮膚感覺非常光滑。

They're giving away their Daily Essential Starter Set to fans of The Infographics Show for only $5. 片語動詞

他們現在只用5美元，就向《The Infographics Show》的粉絲們贈送每日必備入門套組。

This starter set features three trial-sized versions of their most popular products 用詞

這套入門套組包含三種試用裝規格的暢銷產品，

that help you stay fresh and clean.

幫助你保持清爽和乾淨。

In your first box,

在你的第一個盒子中，

you'll receive their shave butter,

你將收到他們的刮鬍膏、

body wash,

沐浴露，

and One Wipe Charlies butt wipes.

以及 One Wipe Charlies 濕廁紙。

You'll also receive their Executive Razor,

你還將獲得他們的 Executive 刮鬍刀，

which includes their premium weighty handle and full cassette of cartridges.

其中包含高級手感握柄和整盒替換刀片。

After the first box,

在第一盒之後，

replacement cartridges are sent directly to your home for only a few bucks a month. 用詞

替換刀片每月只需幾美元就會直接送到你家。

This $5 offer is available at dollarshaveclub.com/infographics

只需造訪 dollarshaveclub.com/infographics 即可享受這5美元的優惠，

or by clicking the link in the description.

或者點擊資訊欄中的連結。

Get ready to look, 片語搭配

準備好展現最好看的自己，

feel, and smell your best.

感受最佳狀態並散發迷人氣息吧。

So,

那麼，

how long have you ever gone without food?

你最長有多少時間沒吃過東西？

And how difficult was it?

當時有多困難？

Let us know in the comments. 語氣意圖

請在留言中告訴我們。

Also,

另外，

be sure to check out our other video called 片語動詞

一定要去看看我們的另一個影片，名為

Do you know how much food is in 100 calories?

《你知道100卡路里到底有多少食物嗎？》

Thanks for watching,

感謝觀看，

and as always,

和往常一樣，

don't forget to like, 語氣意圖

別忘了按讚、

share,

分享，

and subscribe.

並訂閱我們的頻道。

See you next time.

我們下次見。