是什麼導致了經濟衰退？ - 理查·科芬：英語精讀講義

請用本課中表示「持續數千年」的片語完成句子：____, people have passed stories from one generation to the next.

請用 use 的過去完成進行式完成句子：The hospital ____ paper records for decades before the new system was introduced.

用表示「作為交換用的錢」的表達完成這句歷史敘述：Salt was once used ____.

用本課中精確的轉折結構完成過渡句：For generations, the village used the same farming method. ____ around 1950, ____.

哪一句能自然且正確地表示「危機後貨幣的經濟價值下降了」？

1. The value of the currency declined after the crisis.
2. The crisis declined the value of the currency.
3. There was a decline the value of the currency after the crisis.

用 cause 的 -ing 形式完成表示結果的子句：The storm blocked the road, ____ long delays.

請用本講解中的四字英文片語補完整句子，以較審慎的方式使用現代標籤：The village fund was ____ an emergency savings account today.

在一段演講中，說話者先舉了一個歷史例子，接著問：「What causes recessions?」這個問題在演講中主要發揮什麼作用？

1. 它檢查聽眾是否會拼寫 recessions。
2. 它結束這個主題，並表示後面不會回答。
3. 它引出下一部分將要解釋的核心問題。

用本課中的完整正式表達補完句子：The use of gene editing ____ among medical ethicists.

在句子 "The trail closes during storms, and for good reason," 中，and for good reason 是什麼意思？

1. 關閉步道是為了讓這條步道在道德上變好。
2. 只有天氣宜人時才會關閉步道。
3. 關閉步道是有充分理由的。

請用標示的片語完成句子，表示整體經濟輕微轉弱：The latest report describes a ____.

哪一種情況最符合 long-lasting downturn with global ramifications？

1. 短暫的本地經濟繁榮，帶動支出增加
2. 某家公司股價單日下跌，但沒有造成更廣泛的影響
3. 持續多年的經濟低迷，擾亂多個國家的貿易與就業

用表示兩個端點之間任意時間長度的目標片語完成句子：The meeting may last ten minutes, three hours, or ____.

如果新事實讓分析更複雜，但不一定讓結果變得更糟，哪個銜接語最適合完成句子？The survey covers five countries. ___, each country used a different questionnaire.

1. In other words
2. Complicating matters further
3. To make matters worse

哪一句能自然表達「許多因素共同影響經濟的整體狀況」？

1. Many variables contribute to the overall health of the economy.
2. Many variables are the overall health of the economy.
3. Many variables contribute the overall health of the economy.

使用 make it difficult to do 的 -ing 結果形式和動詞 pinpoint 完成句子：The evidence was incomplete, ____ the exact cause.

請用表示「先看整體會有幫助」的目標表達完成句子：Before we examine each cost, ____.

哪一句把某種情況當作一般因果說明中的發生條件？

1. System failures occurred during yesterday's communication test.
2. A system failure may occur if there is a break in communication.
3. System failures often occur when there is a break in communication.

用本課的目標片語完成句子：A stable market depends on the ____ supply and demand.

哪一個句子最清楚地把三個分別指出的維度表達為一組不匹配關係？

1. There is a mismatch between what customers expect, what the team can deliver, and the available budget.
2. There is a mismatch between what customers expect and what the team can deliver.
3. There is a mismatch among the project team members.

在“The road was flooded, which delayed the buses,”中，which 指的是什麼？

1. 指公車
2. 只指道路
3. 指道路淹水這整個情況

請用 reflect 的雙字詞形式完成句子，表示「可以從……中看出」：The team's improved preparation is ____ its performance.

銀行提高哪一種比率會讓新貸款的成本上升？

1. interest rate
2. inflation rate
3. exchange rate

使用 get + 形容詞比較級完成句子，表達「變得更貴」：When demand rises, concert tickets often ____.

Put another way 在這裡表示什麼？

1. 說話者將引入一個無關的話題。
2. 說話者將提出一個相反的觀點。
3. 說話者將用不同的方式重述同一個觀點。

“Making a change isn't necessarily a bad thing”是什麼意思？

1. 所有改變都是好事。
2. 改變絕不可能造成問題。
3. 改變在某些情況下可能不好，但並非總是不好。

哪一個接續句使用 In fact 加入具體事實，進而強化第一句？

1. The library is useful. In fact, the train leaves from platform six.
2. The library is useful. However, it offers free tutoring every afternoon.
3. The library is useful. In fact, it offers free tutoring every afternoon.

用由 thought 構成的現在式被動引述片語完成句子：The new treatment ____ reduce recovery time, but more research is needed.

哪一句最自然地表達「價格快速上漲，但沒有伴隨更強的需求」？

1. The rapid price increase did not accompany by stronger demand.
2. The rapid price increase was not accompanied at stronger demand.
3. The rapid price increase was not accompanied by stronger demand.

哪一句正確使用 eventually lead to 來描述之後才出現的結果？

1. Ignoring the leak may eventually lead at serious damage.
2. Ignoring the leak may eventually lead to serious damage.
3. Ignoring the leak may eventually lead serious damage.

「Interest rates reflect the cost of taking on debt」是什麼意思？

1. 利率決定所有商品和服務的價格。
2. 利率表明借錢的成本有多高。
3. 利率顯示每位借款人已經償還了多少錢。

請用 take on 的 -ing 形式和 debt 完成句子：During the slowdown, the company avoided ____.

在一般貸款關係中，哪一項正確說明了這兩個角色？

1. borrower 取得貸款並負有還款義務；creditor 有權收款。
2. 雙方都是 borrower，因為資金發生了轉移。
3. creditor 取得貸款並負有還款義務；borrower 有權收款。

用 can afford to + 動詞 borrow 完成句子：Because interest rates fell, the company ____ more money.

請用表示目的的結構和 invest 後的正確介系詞完成句子：The town used the grant ____ safer bike lanes.

請用 slow 的正確形式完成表示結果的子句：The road closure diverted traffic downtown, ____ the morning commute for thousands of drivers.

請用表示「幫助我們更深入理解」的目標表達完成句子：The survey results can ____ why customers leave.

請用目標慣用語完成問句：Why did Maya open the account ____?

哪一句中的 shock 使用了經濟學含義？

1. The surprise party gave everyone a shock.
2. A sudden oil shortage can create a supply shock.
3. Touching a live wire can give you an electric shock.

用本課學到的片語完成句子，表明太陽能是一個具體實例：Some energy sources are affected by cloud cover. Solar power, ____, may produce less electricity on cloudy days.

哪個句子中的 commodities 表示在市場上交易的標準化基礎資源？

1. The company launched three new commodities: a phone, an app, and a warranty.
2. The restaurant's commodities include table service and live music.
3. Crude oil and wheat are widely traded commodities.

哪個句子正確使用了 the supply side of the economy？

1. Rising factory costs are putting pressure on the supply side of the economy.
2. The supply side of the economy is the route goods take from a factory to a store.
3. Consumers' willingness to spend is the supply side of the economy.

一家飯店在節慶期間要求房客支付更高的房價。哪個句子最自然？

1. The hotel charges more for rooms during the festival.
2. The hotel costs more for rooms during the festival.
3. The hotel pays more for rooms during the festival.

哪個句子中的 discourage 表示讓人們比較不可能購買？

1. Higher ticket prices may discourage demand for the event.
2. Higher ticket prices may feel discouraged by demand for the event.
3. Higher ticket prices may encourage demand for the event.

哪個句子使用了相同的論述方式：先給出正面的背景，再提出一個出乎意料的可能原因？

1. The staffing shortage appeared during rapid expansion, possibly even because of that expansion.
2. Rapid expansion happened after the staffing shortage had been solved.
3. The staffing shortage ended before rapid expansion began.

將 reach an unsustainable level 改成過去式，完成句子：After months of overtime, the team's workload ____.

請填入準確表達「基於……這項假設」的英文片語：The company hired more staff ____ demand would keep growing.

哪一句正確表達「更好的規劃將幫助團隊應付新增的工作量」？

1. Better planning will help the team hold the added workload.
2. Better planning will help the team handles the added workload.
3. Better planning will help the team handle the added workload.

請用 as ... as expected 結構補完句子，表示成長速度可能低於預測：If enrollment doesn't increase ____, we will extend the deadline.

請使用 end up 和正確的後續單字補完句子：Without a clear plan, we may ____ costs we cannot afford.

哪一句表示團隊的工作量超出它的處理能力？

1. The small team accepted more projects than it could handle.
2. The small team accepted fewer projects than it could handle.
3. The small team accepted as many projects as it could handle.

請將 pay、off 和 it 這三個字依正確順序填入：Nina had a small loan balance, and she worked an extra shift to ____.

請用 redirect funds from A to B 結構完成句子：The council will ____ its public-events budget ____ emergency housing.

哪一種情況屬於 self-fulfilling prophecy？

1. 氣象預報員預測會下雨，而雨在沒有人改變天氣的情況下落下。
2. 人們預期一家銀行會倒閉，於是領走存款，而這些提款行為又促使銀行倒閉。
3. 人們在一家銀行已經停業後才得知它倒閉了。

用放在持續進行的活動前、包含 pull back 的三個字完成句子：Because demand was weak, the company decided to ____ hiring.

哪一個連接語最清楚地表明公司的行動是對前面事件的反應？

1. The supplier raised its prices. In response, the company looked for alternatives.
2. The supplier raised its prices. For example, the company looked for alternatives.
3. The supplier raised its prices. Meanwhile, the company looked for alternatives.

請依正確順序使用 cut、operating 和 costs 完成句子：The retailer automated several tasks to ____.

請依正確順序使用 weather、the 和 downturn 完成句子：A loyal customer base helped the café ____.

哪一句真正描述了 vicious cycle？

1. A company lowered one price for a weekend.
2. Lower sales led to layoffs, and reduced spending then hurt sales further, creating a vicious cycle.
3. A shop closed once because its lease ended.

哪一句把 cost cuts 用作名詞片語和句子的主詞？

1. The company cuts costs to protect its budget.
2. The cost cuts affected employee training.
3. Managers discussed how to reduce costs.

哪一項最準確地說明這句話如何組織資訊？

1. Even 表示這種政策是經濟衰退的唯一原因。
2. Even 把這種政策標示為一個令人意外的潛在成因，而它原本正是為了預防這個問題而制定的。
3. Can contribute 表示這種政策一定會預防經濟衰退。

在 When times are tough 中，標示的片語是什麼意思？

1. 當行程安排在物理上很堅固時。
2. 當時間似乎過得很慢時。
3. 當整體情勢很困難時。

用本課表示「增加貨幣供給量」的兩個字詞完成英文句子：During a deep recession, a central bank may ____ to stimulate demand.

哪個選項正確區分了 central bank 和 commercial bank？

1. central bank：主要提供個人支票帳戶；commercial bank：制定國家貨幣政策。
2. central bank：管理貨幣政策；commercial bank：主要向客戶提供銀行服務。
3. central bank 和 commercial bank：任何銀行都可使用的兩個可互換名稱。

請用一個意為「因果鏈中的下一個結果」的雙字連接語完成句子：Better lighting makes streets feel safer, which ____ encourages more people to walk at night.

哪一句自然地使用 effectively + -ing 表示實際結果，並用 to + 動詞表示預期目的？

1. The city opened a new bus lane, effectively shortening travel times to encourage more people to take the bus.
2. The city opened a new bus lane, effective shortening travel times to encouraging more people to take the bus.
3. The city opened a new bus lane, efficiently shortening travel times to encourage more people to take the bus.

在經濟討論中，“The policy is not sustainable” 最可能是什麼意思？

1. 它沒有環境認證。
2. 它今天必須立刻結束。
3. 它無法長期繼續，否則會帶來嚴重的成本或問題。

請用 need、reverse 的被動形式和 to prevent 完成句子：The temporary schedule change may eventually ____ staff burnout.

在 have become too reliant on support 這個結構中，該說法傳達了什麼意思？

1. 依賴程度已經超過安全或合理的界線。
2. 所獲得的支持隨著時間變得更可靠了。
3. 存在依賴，但沒有暗示風險或過度。

在這句話中，the adoption of iron helped revolutionize farming and food production 是什麼意思？

1. 人們發現了一件鐵器，僅憑它就徹底改變了糧食生產。
2. 人們開始使用鐵及相關技術，這促成了農業與糧食生產的重大變革。
3. 某個家庭依法收養了一個叫 Iron 的東西，這改變了農業。

哪個句子自然且正確地使用了 revolutionize？

1. The new process revolutionized a minor color change.
2. The new process was revolutionize battery production.
3. The new process revolutionized how the factory produced batteries.

請用 make 的 -ing 結果形式完成句子：The new rules are more complex, ____ the system far more difficult to navigate.

請使用目標表達 anticipate and respond to 完成句子：Better monitoring can help teams ____ emerging security threats.