為什麼你的手機不該有「萬能鑰匙」：英語精讀講義

Hello internet.

網路上的各位，大家好。

We need to talk about locks, 片語搭配

我們需要談談鎖，

the physical and the digital.

實體的和數位的。

In the physical world,

在實體世界中，

locks aren't as good as you think they are. 文法

鎖並沒有你想像的那麼好。

The lock on your door stops worries not burglars, 表達脈絡

你門上的鎖只能擋住擔憂，擋不住竊賊，

as two minutes of searching will reveal.

只要搜尋兩分鐘你就會發現這一點。

Spend more, get more,

花錢越多，鎖越好，

but all fail with tools and time enough. 文法

但在足夠的工具和時間面前都會失效。

That physical locks are bad at locking mostly doesn't matter in normal life

實體鎖在防盜方面表現不佳，在日常生活中通常無關緊要，

because burglars are constrained by the physical world. 片語搭配

因為竊賊受限於實體世界。

A burglar must cruise the neighborhood spending their time to pick a target

竊賊必須在街區裡遊蕩，花時間挑選目標，

which makes a house that looks secure most of the way toward being secure. 片語搭配

這使得看起來安全的房子在很大程度上就足夠安全了。

Each target house can then only be attacked one at a time

並且每個目標房屋一次只能被攻擊一處，

and comes with a risk of being physically caught in the act. 慣用語

還伴隨著被當場抓獲的物理風險。

But digital is different.

但數位世界不同。

The constraints of the physical no longer apply.

實體世界的限制不再適用。

On the internet, a digital lock must protect you from not just the neighborhood burglar, 文法

在網路上，數位鎖不僅要保護你免受附近竊賊的侵害，

but all burglars everywhere.

還要防範世界各地的所有竊賊。

For on the internet,

因為在網路上，

there's no such thing as distance. 片語搭配

距離根本不存在。

Internet burglars don't crack digital locks personally, 用詞

網路竊賊不會親自去撬數位鎖，

they build burglar bots that try millions of combinations just to see what opens.

他們製造盜竊機器人，嘗試數以百萬計的組合，看看能打開什麼。

One lock down the street or a country-full on the other side of the world, 表達脈絡

不管是街頭的一把鎖，還是地球另一端整個國家的鎖，

it's all the same.

都完全一樣。

Actually,

事實上，

other side of the world is better.

地球另一邊甚至更好。

A dude in East-whatever-landia stealing your identity

一個在東某某國竊取你身分的傢伙

has a near-zero chance of getting caught.

被抓住的機率幾乎為零。

This is bad news,

這是個壞消息，

but thanks to mathematics,

但感謝數學，

digital locks can be made unbreakable.

我們可以製造出無法破解的數位鎖。

This is encryption,

這就是加密，

a digital lock that without the password, 文法

一種沒有密碼

cannot be opened.

就無法打開的數位鎖。

Burglar bots will plow through all the possibilities, 片語動詞

盜竊機器人會窮舉所有的可能性，

but a secure password will take longer than the heat death of the universe 文法

但要猜出一個安全的密碼，花的時間會比宇宙熱寂還要長

to guess.

去猜測。

No password, 文法

沒有密碼，

no entry,

就無法進入，

no matter how much of a l33t hacker your mom is. 文化背景

不管你老媽是個多麼厲害的駭客。

Your private files stay private,

你的私人檔案將保持私密，

which might just be the greatest social good

這可能恰恰是數學給人類帶來的

mathematics has done mankind.

最大的社會福祉。

But it's easy to imagine unbreakable digital locks

但我們很容易想像堅不可摧的數位鎖

as bad news.

是個壞消息。

Maximum lazy ticking time bomb, 慣用語

比如極度老套的定時炸彈橋段，

the location and off-code of which are locked on the phone of a dead man.

它的位置和解除代碼鎖在了一個死人的手機裡。

Now,

現在，

were the information on a piece of paper in a safe room, 文法

如果這些資訊寫在安全屋裡的一張紙上，

no problem.

那沒問題。

In the physical world,

在實體世界中，

if you can't crack the lock, 表達脈絡

如果你撬不開鎖，

then you crack the wall.

你可以砸開牆。

Society agrees under this scenario,

社會在這種情況下的共識是，

it's reasonable for police to get in no matter what it takes. 慣用語

無論採取什麼手段，警察進去都是合理的。

Note,

注意，

this means real-world locks aren't just physically weak, 表達脈絡

這意味著現實世界的鎖不僅物理上脆弱，

but also legally weak.

法律上也很脆弱。

We could live in a world with privacy laws

我們本可以生活在一個有隱私法的世界裡，

that forbade police to break into all locks, 講解

禁止警察破壞所有的鎖，

no matter how flimsy,

無論它多麼脆弱，

but we don't because that'd be dumb.

但我們沒有這樣做，因為那太愚蠢了。

Hmm.

嗯。

This is where gears turn in government heads. 慣用語

這就是政府腦子裡的齒輪開始轉動的地方。

If digital locks are physically invulnerable, 表達脈絡

如果數位鎖在物理上堅不可摧，

maybe they can be made legally vulnerable.

也許可以使它們在法律上變得脆弱。

To require digital locks be built with a keyhole 文法

要求數位鎖必須帶有一個鑰匙孔，

for which police have the key.

而警察擁有這把鑰匙。

Highly secure,

高度安全，

top secret for emergencies only,

絕對機密，僅限緊急情況使用，

surely. 語氣意圖

當然啦。

This legal vulnerability

這種法律上的漏洞，

to ban citizens from owning perfect digital locks, 文法

禁止公民擁有完美的數位鎖，

to require companies manufacture their devices with keyholes,

要求公司在製造設備時預留鑰匙孔，

is an idea that many many governments are interested in.

是許多許多政府都感興趣的主意。

And governments point out that a warrant which lets police into your house 講解

並且政府指出，既然搜索票能讓警察進入你的房子

and into your papers should let police into your phone.

和查閱你的文件，也應該讓警察進入你的手機。

If your home is your castle, 文化背景

如果你的家是你的城堡，

but the need pressing enough,

但如果有足夠迫切的需求，

the police bring a battering ram.

警察就會帶著破門槌來。

But there's no battering ram to crack open a well-locked phone 片語動詞

但沒有破門槌可以撬開一部鎖得很好的手機

to comply with a warrant, 片語搭配

來執行搜索票，

not helpfully anyway,

至少沒有什麼好辦法，

which is a problem.

這就是個問題了。

Again,

再說一遍，

we all ideally want police to crack digital locks sometimes,

我們都理想地希望警察有時能破解數位鎖，

but at our current level on the tech tree, 文化背景

但在我們科技樹目前的水平上，

digital locks that cannot be opened

無法打開的數位鎖

are a thing that exists.

是切實存在的東西。

And because they are made of math, 慣用語

而且因為它們是由數學構成的，

something a skilled coder can build at home,

是一個熟練的程式設計師可以在家裡寫出來的東西，

trying to ban digital locks for everyone

試圖對所有人頒布數位鎖禁令，

is pretty close to trying to ban an idea. 慣用語

非常接近於試圖禁止一種思想。

Good luck with that. 語氣意圖

祝你好運。

But even were it possible to successfully ban perfect digital locks 文法

但即使在一個國家裡

in a country,

有可能成功禁止完美的數位鎖，

remember,

請記住，

on the internet,

在網路上，

there's no such thing as distance.

距離根本不存在。

Even if your government is a Xanadu bureaucracy 文化背景

即使你的政府是一個世外桃源般的官僚機構，

of the seraphim incorruptible,

由清正廉潔的天使組成，

there are demons elsewhere.

其他地方也有惡魔。

Unbreakable digital locks are the foundation 慣用語

堅不可摧的數位鎖是基石，

upon which computing and Internet-ing is built.

運算和網際網路的運作都建立在此之上。

Banking,

銀行業務，

buying,

線上購物，

blogging,

寫部落格，

vlogging,

拍影片部落格，

gaming,

玩遊戲，

tweeting,

發推文，

beating,

對戰，

meeting,

開會，

all of this is possible because of unbreakable digital locks.

所有這些之所以可能，都是因為堅不可摧的數位鎖。

They've existed since computers filled rooms, 表達脈絡

早在電腦佔滿整個房間時，它們就已經存在了，

but now with computers in our pockets,

但現在，當我們口袋裡就裝著電腦時，

we rely on those locks to protect the content of our lives, 表達脈絡

我們依賴這些鎖來保護我們生活的內容，

the content of our minds.

和我們思想的內容。

Forced weakness,

強制性的弱點，

even with the best of intentions, 片語搭配

即使是出於好意，

places everyone in danger.

也會把每個人都置於危險之中。

The nature of a keyhole is to be cracked, 表達脈絡

鑰匙孔的本質就是要被破解的，

and the nature of the internet is to bring demons to the door.

而網際網路的本質就是將惡魔帶到你的門前。

No matter how much we might wish it,

無論我們多麼希望如此，

there's no way to build a digital lock that only angels can open 講解

也不可能建造出一種只有天使能打開，

and demons cannot.

而惡魔打不開的數位鎖。

Anyone saying otherwise is either ignorant of the mathematics

任何說可以的人要麼是不懂數學，

or less of an angel than they appear. 慣用語

要麼就是不如他們表面看起來那麼像天使。